NGHIEN CUU & LTNG DUNG THIET KE CHE TAO BO THl NGHIEM MAY PHAT OIEN XOAY CHIEU BA PHA OE DAY HOC BAI 17 SACH GIAO KHOA VAT Ll LOP 12 PGS TS Nguyen Manh Thao, Nguyln Van Dang Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd N[.]
Trang 1NGHIEN CUU & LTNG DUNG
THIET KE CHE TAO BO THl NGHIEM MAY PHAT OIEN XOAY CHIEU
BA PHA OE DAY HOC BAI 17 SACH GIAO KHOA VAT Ll LOP 12
PGS TS Nguyen Manh Thao, Nguyln Van Dang
Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd Npi
1 Mo- dau
Nghien ciiu ngi dung kien
thiic SGK Vat li lop 12 THPT
ve may phat dien xoay chiSu
ba pha va khao sat cac bg thi
nghiem dang dugc su dimg
trong day hge phan nay cho
thay: phan lan cac thiet bi
thi nghiem chi co tinh bieu
dien, chua xac dinh dugc dinh
lugng moi lien he giiia hieu
dien the pha va Hieu dien the
day cua dong dien xoay chieu
ba pha doi vai each mac sao
va each mac tam giac Mat
khac eac thiet bi nay phai dung
tay quay, nen viee tien hanh
thi nghiem khong dam bao
su lien tuc, deu dan, dieu nay
Cling lam giam hieu qua tiep
thu kien thiic cua hge sinh,
dac biet trong viec day hge to
chlie hoat dgng nhan thiic
Trong su doi mai phuang
phap day hge Vat li a truong
THPT, dg tang cuang phat
huy tinh sang tao, dgc lap
tu chOi va hieu bai tren lop,
viec day hge theo phuang an
t6 chiic hoat dgng nhan thiic
cho hge sinh cang dugc quan
tam va khuySn khich Bai v|y
eac bg thi nghiem ciing can
dugc nghien ciiu che tao phu
hgp, dam bao tinh khoa hge (
phan anh dugc chinh xac ban
chit ciia hien tugng vat li can
truySn tai), tinh b6n -viing, an
toan, dan gian va dl su dung
2 Noi dung
Truac nhiing yeu cau neu
tren, chiing toi da nghien
ciiu thiet ke va che tao bg thi nghiem cho hge sinh nghien ciiu theo nhom, phii hgp voi viec to chlie hoat dgng nhan thiic Thiet bi thi nghiem dugc sir dung tu nhung vat Ueu de kiem va gia thanh hgp li tren thi truong Bg thi nghiem gom eo:
2.1-Thiet ki che tao bo thi nghiem ve May phat diSn xoay chiSu ba pha
ducmg kinh 0,3 mm d6i voi may phat co Roto bing nam cham vTiih cim vat lieu Na no;
1200 yong, duong kinh 0,15
mm doi vai may phat co Roto cua Dinamo xe dap)
c- Cac dung cu va linh kien kem theo; 02 Dong ho van nang; Cac den LED dugc lap tren cac gia each dien va
CO chan cam; day dan dien co
chot cam d hai dau
Hinh 1: Hinh dnh bo thi nghiem vd cdc dung cu sau khi hodn thi$n
2.1.1-Che tao bp thi
nghiem
Cac chi tiet ciia bg thi nghiem:
a- Rotor (phan cam):
Dugc che tao bai nam cham vTnh ciiu vat lieu Na no, tan dung Roto ciia Dinamo xe dap Cac Roto dugc quay nha mot dgng co mot ehieu (12V hoac 24y, dong tu 1A dSn 2 A)
CO bg dieu toe
b- Stato (phan iing):
Gom cac cugn day (800 vong
d- Nguon dien mot chieu
CO the su dung cac bg nguon san CO cua phong thi nghiem pho thong hoac bg nguon may tinh ban
2.1.2-Cdc thi nghiem duac
tien hdnh v&i bo thi nghidm
Thi nghidm nghien cihi cau tao may phat dien xoay chieu ba pha; Khao sat Hifu dien the diy, hieu dien the pha; Mac tai hinh Sao va tai hinh tam giac
+ Muc dich thi nghiem
Ngay nhan bdi 20/7/2012^ Ngdy duyet dang 25/9/2012
4 ' T A P CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 86 -10/2012
Trang 2NGHIEN CLTU & | J N G DUNG II
Tu nguyen li hoat dgng
eiia May phat dien xoay chieu
(MPDXC) ba pha hge sinh tim
hieu cau tao cua MPDXC ba
pha, hoat dgng cua MPDXC
ba pha va xac dinh Hieu dien
th6 Pha, Hieu dien the Day
Ciia MPDXC ba pha
Hge sinh tim hieu va mic
tai: - Mac tai hinh Sao
Mac tai hinh Tam giac
Hinh 2: Thiet bi thi nghiem mdy
phdt dien xoay chieu bapha vai
Roto tit Dinamo xe dap
+ Tien hanh thi nghiem
vdi cac thiet bi:
a- Thi^t bi thi nghiem
xii- dung Roto ciia Dinamo
xe dap
Hinh 3: Thiit bi thi nghiem
MPDXC bapha co Ro to ldm
bdng nam chdm vTnh ciru vgt
lieu Nano
b- Thiet bi thi nghiem
xu- dung Roto nam cham
vinh cii-u vat lieu Nano
Voi thiet bi thi nghiem (b) hinh 3, ngoai giai quyet duge muc dich da neu, no con cho phep tien hanh thi nghiem bieu dien su xuat hien dong dien cua cac pha, nha co bg phan lam thay doi van toe ciia dgng CO dien lam quay Roto
3 Ket luan
Bg thi nghiem co the su dung tiiy theo yeu cau ctia bai giang, theo phuang phap cua giao vien, co the diing lam thi nghiem khao sat, thi nghiem thuc hanh cho hge sinh, trong phan May phat dien xoay chieu
b a p h a SGK lop 12 THPT Dilm moi ciia thiet bi la ngoai cac chiic nang nhu cac thiet
bi dang hien hanh ve phan nay, no con cho ta tien hanh thi nghiem khao sat dinh lugng moi lien he giiia hieu dien the day va hieu dien the pha Bg thi nghiem dam bao tinh khoa hge, tinh ben viing, tinh an toan, de sir diing, che tao dan gian va gia thanh hap
Vai ngi dung cua bai bao, chiing toi hi vgng phan nao
CO tac dung lam tai lieu tham khao cho nhiing ai muon tu che tao TBTN de day hge phan nay
Tia lieu tham khao
1 Dang Van Dao, Le Van
Doanh, Ky Thuat Dien, NXB Khoa hoc & Ky Thuat, Ha Noi
2001
2 Vu Thanh KhiSt, Pham Quy Tu, Nguyen Phiic Thuan, Nguyln Diic Tham, Vat li 11, NXB Giao due
3 Luang Duyen Binh, Du Chi Cong, Nguyln Him H6, Vat
li Dai cuong Tap 2, NXB Giao due
4 Duomg Trpng Bai, Nguyen Thugng Chung, Dao Van Phiic,
Vu Quang, Vat Li 12, NXB Giao due
5 Tai lieu huong din thi nghiem Vat li pho thong, Khoa Vat li, Trucmg DHSP Ha Noi
Summary
Recent researches on the content of three-phase AC Generator part in High School Physics Textbook for 12 Grade
& laboratory kits using for teaching this part shows that almost laboratory equipments are for presentation only They cannot determine the quantitative relationship between the phase voltage and the wire voltage of three-phase altemating current
in wiring in star and wiring in triangle On the other hand, these equipments are operated by hand, so the experiments cannot
be performed continuously and regularly This reduces the effectiveness in acquiring knowledge of students, especially
in teaching cognitive activities
To solve these above problems, we have designed and made laboratory kits for students
to study in groups, which are suitable for cognitive activities Laboratory equipments are used from readily available materials with reasonable prices
in the market They have better features than current laboratory equipments for three-phase AC Generator, such as the feature for surveying, quantifying the relationship between the phase voltage and the wire voltage of three phase altemating current
in wiring in star and wiring in triangle
TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 • 5