II HUONG DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG LTNG DUNG BAN DO TU DUY TRONG HOC TAP TIENG ANH Nguyen Phu omg Chi Khoa Qudc ti Dgi hpc Qudc gia Hd Npi Trong cac phuang phap, ky nang hd frg ngudi bgc Ban dd tu duy (BDT[.]
Trang 1II HUONG DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG
LTNG DUNG BAN DO TU DUY TRONG HOC TAP TIENG ANH
Nguyen Phu-omg Chi
Khoa Qudc ti - Dgi hpc Qudc gia Hd Npi
Trong cac phuang phap,
ky nang hd frg ngudi
bgc Ban dd tu duy
(BDTD) dugc xem la phuang
phap tdi uu giup tim tdi, dao
sau, md rdng y tudng; ^iiip
tdm tat va he thdng hda van de
mot each ro rang va hieu qua
thdng qua viec sir dun^ hinh
anh, dudng net, mau sac, chu
viet vdi sy tu duy tich eye Bai
viet nay frinh bay, iing dung
ciia BDTD vao ba mang: bai
thi tieng Anh chuan hda, cac
bai tap •
I iTng dung cua BDTD
dii vdi SV trong nhirng b^i
thi tilng Anh chuin hoa
Cach day tieng Anh trayen
thdng - chii yeu chi cd Ngu
phap - nhu d bac THCS, THPT
da khdng cdn phii hgp vdi SV
dai hoc, cac em can duoc hoc
day dil ca bdn ky nang: Nghe,
ndi, dgc, viet va can cd he
thdng kiem fra danh gia toan
dien va sau sat han Dd la ly
do tai sao hau het cac tradng
dai hge, cao dang hien nay
da dan chuyen sang ap dung
day ya bgc theo format bai
thi tieng Anh chuan hda qudc
tl (lELTS, TOEFL, TOEIC
) Mdt sd trudng, dac biet d
nhiing chuang trinh tien tien
day bang tieng Anh, da yeu
cau SV cd diem dat yeu cau
d nhung chimg chi nay hoac
tuang duong mdi cd the dugc
ra tradng
Nhung bai thi chuan hda
nay bat ngudn til phuang Tay
(Anh, My, Ausfralia) nen ddi
hdi SV phai cd tu duy sang Minh hoa 1
tao, logic, ty van ddng thay
Ngdy nhdn bdi 29/8/2012: Ngdy duyel ddng 25/9/2012
3 6 • TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012
vi thy ddng chep bai - fra bai traySn thdng Bang viec su dung BDTD, SV cd kha nang ling bien nhanh vdi tinh hudng ciia bai thi (d ca bdn ky nang)
va vugt qua tdt cac ky thi nay
1 Ky nang Nghe Phan ky nang Nghe d cac bai thi tieng Anh chuan hda thudng duge kiem fra theo format: cho nghe mdt doan hdi thoai hoac mdt bai jgiang lien mach tir 2-4 phiit rdi sau
dd fra Idi cau hdi Format nay yeu cau thi sinh khdng chi cd kha nang nghe hieu ma cdn can biet each tdm y nhanh, he thdng ngay lap tiic trong khi nghe de thu thap thdng tin dii fra Idi cau hdi (bai thi chuan chi cho nghe duy nhat mdt lin)
Vi dy phan Nghe ciia mdt bai thi TOEFL (iBT) cho mdt doan hdi thoai gitta hai ban John va Sarah ve chii de " 6
ky tiic xa": Sarah thieh d ky tiic cdn John thi khdng, cac ban tranh luan va giai thich ly
do tai sao lai thich hoac khdng thich
Nhu vay, frong qua frinh nghe, CO thi John ndi het mpt lugt rdi Sarah mdi ndi ho|c cflng ed the, khd ban, hai b?in ndi song song nhau - cac y tudng dan xen, triing lap Bing viec ve ra BDTD cd 2 nhanh umg vdi hai ban va cac nhanh nhd ehe ra til 2 nhanh nay, SV lam bai se khdng bi sdt y hay
bi rdi qua nhieu thdng tin den nigt luc BDTD nay cung rit
de de cho cdc ban nhin ra diing nhttng thdng tin cin thilt nhSt (tu gdc den nggn ciia vin dl)
de fra Idi cau hdi TOEFL cd the hdi nhung cau nhu: "Bai hdi thoai nay ndi vl dieu gi?",
"Trong hai ngudi, ai la ngudi thich d ky tiic, ai la ngudi khdng?", "Hay neu tit ca cac
ly do tai sao John khdng thich
d ky tiic" va BDTD chinh
la ca sd de fra Idi cac cau hdi
dd
Trong thdi gian bet siic ngan ngiii, vua nghe, vua ghi
BDTD mpt bdi Nghe cua TOEFL: John vd Sarah hpi thogi vi chu di "Oky tuc xd "
Trang 2Hl/QNG DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG II
chep va -vara suy nghi fra Idi
cau hdi, nhilu ban SV chgn
each nhd nham frong dc ma
khdng ghi ra hay chi ghi theo
trat tu bai nghe ma khdng
he thdng til dau Day la suy
nghi rat sai lam bdi eac bai
thi thudng "lua" thi sinh bing
each gay "nhieu" thdng tin,
frong khi kha nang fri nhd tam
thdi cua con ngudi la cd ban,
cdng them ap lye thi cii khiln
ban quen nhanh ban, BDTD
la each tdi uu de giup dau dc
minh min va dua ra lya chgn
sang sudt nhat
2 Ky nang Doc
Nhieu eudn sach hd frg
luyen ky nang Dgc cho cac bai
thi tieng Anh tieu chuan cd dat
ra "meo" la: khdng nen dgc, ky
toan bd bai dgc hay he thdng
lai trade khi fra Idi cau hdi nia
chi nen dgc qua, sau dd dan
dan qua trinh fra Idi cau hdi se
dan khien ban nam dugc y ciia
bai Dieu nay diing vdi nhiing
cau hdi ngan, hdi ve dtt kien
nhat dinh tton^ bai, ngudi dgc
doi khi chi can tim diing chi
tiet la cd the ra dap an dung,
tiet kiem duoc nhieu thdi gian
Tuy nhien, ddi vdi loai cau hdi
can tu duy logic nhu: "Bai
dpc ndi vl chii dl gi?", "Hay
tim ndi dung chinh cua khd A,
khd B frong doan van" hay
"Sap xep cac y chinh theo frat
ty bai vilt" thi viec khdng
dpc va he thdng tir dau se lam
thi sinh rat hoang mang
Vay, khi bit gap nhung cau
hdi tuong ty, su dung BDTD
SV hoan toan cd thi tu tin he
thdng rit nhanh tii dau den
cudi bai dpc, lay chii de bai
dpc (thudng xuat hien ngay
de bai, tit phu hoac ddng dau
tien) lam tam diem va mdi
doan van nhd la mdt nhanh
che ra tii chu dl, tilp tuc che y
nhd ban cho cae nhanh Neu sii dung thanh thao BDTD, chi sau mdt lugt dgc ludt qua bai, nhin vao BDTD la cd thi tra Idi cau hdi logic mdt each rit
de dang
3 Ky nang Viet
Cd the ndi, phan Vilt eua cac bai tbi chuan hda la diem yeu eua SV Viet Nam vi cac
em da qua quen vdi kieu viet van Viet Nam d tradng phd thdng, khi cac em thudng nghT den dau, viet den day va lan man dai ddng, tham chi ed viet dai cho bai van cd ve "be the"
ban Trong khi, van phong nude ngoai thudng ngan gpn, siic tich, coi frpng yeu td mach lac, de hieu ban la dimg nhirng tir hoa my, khdng di diing frpng tam; thdi gian lam bai lai ngan (td 20-40 phiit) do do, ddi hoi viet nhanh va dii y nhat
cd the
Y thiic dupe nhugc diem nay eiia SV, nhieu giang vien day mdn Viet hien nay da dua phuang phap BDTD vao day bgc Trong nhung tiet hge Vilt dau tien, SV chua dugc yeu cau viet bai ngay ma thay vao dd, cac em luyen ve nhap BDTD hoac ve len bang, sau
dd trinh bay trade ldp ddng
tu duy ciia minh va phuang phap dua y tudng vao bai viet
Giang vien tham chi cd the cham trade ban nhap BDTD
va gdp y cho SV dya fren dd, trudc khi cho SV viet that vao bai
Nhu vay, vdi viec su dung BDTD nhu fren, SV ed the binh dung ngay ba y Idn minh can phai the hien frong bai viet, ciing vdi nhftng dan chiing cu the ciing cd them cho luan diem ciia minh S V cd the ghi chii ludn vao frong BDTD ude luang thdi gian minh su dung de hoan thanh xon^ timg luan diem Trong sudt qua trinh lam bai, BDTD nay se la
"kim chi nam" cho SV ludn di diing hudng da vach san, bam sat de bai va dam bao hoan thanh theo diing thdi gian quy dinh cua bai kiem fra Vdi kieu thi theo format chuan hda ki,eu TOEFL, lELTS, chua ndi den viec viet hay, chi rieng viec viet du y, bam theo logic chung va dan chiing rd rang da bao dam diem sd kha quan cho
SV trong phan thi Viet nay
4 Ky nang Noi Trong ca hai bai tbi TOEFL
va lELTS, cau cudi cimg dugc danh gia la khd va ddi hdi tu duy ciia thi sinh nhieu nhat - dua ra mdt ehu de, thi sinh dugc phep suy nghT va ghi chep ca nhan trong khoang tii 1 -2 phiit de chuan bi, sau dd ndi lien tuc vdi ngudi phdng van (lELTS) hoac may ghi
am (TOEFL iBT) Thdi gian chuan bi nay tuy it di nhung rat quy gia de thi sinh dgc hieu
de bai va chuan bi y tudng cho bai ndi
Mac dil vay, rat nhieu SV Viet Nam khdng su dung thdi
Minh hpa 2: BDTD phdn Viet cho de bdi: "Agree or Disagree with
Free Education
TAP CHI THIFT B! GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 • 3 7
Trang 3II HUaNG DAN QUAN LI SU DUNG
gian frdng nay, mdt sd em chia
se la khdng bilt nen lam gi
-chi nghi mo hd y tudng frong
dau hoac cd viet vao td nhap
nhung ciing viet linh tinh, hay
viet qua nhanh, dgc lai khdng
bieu gi Dieu nay khien da
phan SV gap lung tiing khi
vao bai Ndi, khdng biet dien
dat lain sao cho thoat y va ndi
chua day 1 phut (nua thdi gian
thi) da can bet vdn
Phuang ,phap su dung
BDTD rat tdi yu frong nhiing
tradng hgp cap bach, can y
tudng va dinh hudng nhu
format thi ndi Khi bat tham
dugc ehil de, thi sinh cd the
hdi ban than minh nhihig cau
nhu: "Chu de nay la ve cai
gi?", "Ca nhan tdi cd lien be
vdi chii de nhu the nao?", "Tai
sao?" va fra Idi qua viec
thiet lap mdt BDTD nhanh
cho minh de phac ra y tudng
ndi
Vi dy: Cau hdi Phan 3 cua
thi Ndi - lELTS cd chu dl:
"Ban thich bd phim nao nhat
va tai sao?" SV cd the lam
BDTD ngay lap tiic, song
song vdi viec fra Idi cau hdi:
"Tdi thich phim gi?" - Phim
Titanic; "Tai sao?" - 3 ly do:
Phim lang man, Phim cd y
nghia nhan van, Phim cd dien
vien tdi yeu thich; "Canh nao
frong phim tdi thich nhat?"
- canh fren boong tau, eanh khieu vu, canh bang da
Tu dd BDTD dugc vach ra ro rang cac y Idn, y nhd va din chiing cu thi kem theo
Nhu vay, SV chi cin nhin qua BDTD la cd thi ndi frdi chay, dil y, du thdi gian va diing frgng tani cau hdi BDTD
se tdt ban neu SV cd the suy nghi bang tieng Anh ngay tii dau va dung nhiing "key words" ngay khi viet BDTD d6 ban che viec quen til vyng cung nhu tap each the hien ciia ngudi ban ngtt Viec trinh bay mdt bai ndi ranh mach, rd y da dil de Sy ghi diem muc kha trd len ddi vdi bai thi ky nang Ndi nay
II I/ng dung ciia BDTD doi vdi S V trong viec Iam bai tap nhdm
Mot trong nhtnig phuang phap day va bgc hien dai dang dugc ap dung frong ca nude la: khuyen khich hge sinh cac ldp cudi phd thdng, dac biet la SV lam viec theo nhdm SV hien nay cd nhieu
CO hdi lam nhdm nhu thuyet trinh theo nhdm, nghien ciiu khoa hpc theo nhdm, lam dy
an nhdm Theo do, iing dung ciia BDTD frong viec lam bai tap nhdm khdng chi giiip SV
he thdng kien thiie tdt ma cdn gilip hinh thanh mpt sd ky
jeOlMitBn
0«a(»i
Minh hpa 3 : Mdu BDTD cho phdn Noi chit di:
thich "
'Bp phim yeu
nang mem nhu quan ly cdng viec va lanh dap nhdm
Trade hit, vl mat hpc tap, BDTD gilip nhdm SV tap hgp dugc tdi da cac kien thiic ciia mdi thanh vien (khac nhau, da chieu); hd fra lgc thdng tin va
he thdng kien thirc mdt each
ro rang nhit; ddng thdi kieh thieh sang tao khdng ngimg tii gdc den nggn cua van de Chang ban khi ca nhdm dang
cd mot ehil de chung can thao luan la "Mdi tradng" - tir khda do cd the duge viet ngay
d giua trang tam (cd the fr6n giay AO -;- ed the fren bang) Khi dd, tat ca cac thanh vien frong nhdm ciing hudng suy nghi vao "tam" van de eu the ve "Mdi tradng" va neu y tudng cua minh, tao dan cac nhanh cho BDTD Dieu nay gilip tiet kiem nhieu thdi gian
vi lgc dugc ngay ra nhung y triing lap, tang do tap trang ciia cac thanh vien va kieh thich thao luan sdi ndi ban,
an y ban vi cac y hay, cd ddng thuan cao se dugc viet tryc tiep vao BDTD Sir dung BDTD ciing giiip phat huy y tudng sang tao cua timg ca nhan ddc lap, vi du cung ehil
de "Mdi tradng", cd em quan tam den "mdi tradng bien",
cd em de cap den "mdi tradng rimg", cd em nhin manh ve
"d nhiem mdi tradng" Tuy nhien, diem hay nhat cua BDTD la khi SV ciing chia se tten mdt so dd, cac y tudng ddc lap "va cham" vao nhau, cdng hudng vdi yeu td chia se, hgp tac ttong nhdm nen khiln cac thanh vien cd dilu kien nay sinh them nhieu y tudng mdi CJ mot sl nhdm SV cd dy
an cap hoac cdng trinh nghien ciiu khoa hge cap tradng, cac
em cdn freo BDTD len tudng,
3 8 • TAP CHI THIFT BI GIAO DUC - SO 86 -10/2012
Trang 4Hl/QNG DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG II
len bang va ngoai hanh lang
de bat ky ai cd them y tudng
hay gdp y sang tao nao cung
cd the viet them hoac ve them
nhanh mdi ngay tren dd
Ngoai ra, nhu da trinh bay
d phan trade, BDTD cd iing
dung rat hieu qua ddi vdi viec
nang cao ky nang Ndi, do vay,
day dugc xem nhu md hinh
chuan cho thuyet trinh nhdm
Ttt phia ngudi thuylt trinh,
mac du nhilu ca nhan thay
phien nhau len frinh bay mdt
van de nhung do da cd md
hinh san, gach y rd rang nen
khdng ai "giim chan" len ai
trong qua frinh ndi Tu phia
ngudi nghe, viec tilp thu trd
nen dl dang hon khi trade
niat cd "tryc quan" la BDTD,
dl theo ddi timg phin ban va
eiing de ghi chep ban
Su dyng ciia BDTD frong
lam viec nhdm tao cho SV
CO hdi ren luyen cac ky nang
mem can thilt nhu quan ly
nhan sy, dilu hanh thao luan
nhdm, lanh dao nhdm Cu
the, frong cdng tac nghien
ciiu khoa bgc, SV cd the ap
dung BDTD de vach ra nhung
mang edng viec Idn can thiet
nhu: tim, dgc va tdng hgp tai
lieu; xay dyng, phat va tdng
hgp phieu tham dd y kien; viet
van ban; sua chtta va hieu dinh
, mdi phan phan ra nhan sy
thyc hien day dii dam bao
rd rang, cdng bang va khdng
triing len nhau Hay nhu viec
thao luan mot chii de chung
bang BDTD, bat cii liic nao
nhdm sa da, sao nhang, lac de,
SV cd thi dl dang dieu hanh
keo nhdm lai vdi cac nhanh tu
duy ban diu - dugc the hien rd
fren ban dd Cd rat nhieu nha
lanh dao, chii doanh nghiep
hien nay da va dang sii dung
BDTD frong hgp nhdm cQng
la tii nhung ky nang hg cd dugc tu thdi SV nhu the nay
III Ban dh tu- duy - Logic
cho tirffng lai
Cd thi ndi BDTD giiip, con ngudi "lam chii eudc sdng"
bdi nd la chiee chia khda vang khai md dau dc va giai phdng
tu duy Mdt SV khi nim duge each su dung BDTD hieu qua
cd the ap dyng vao tit ca cac mat frong eudc sdng mot each tich eye, khdng cbi dimg lai d mang bgc tap Ching ban SV lap BDTD nhu thdi gian bilu frong ngay, can lam nhiing viee gi (lam them, bgc bai,
di choi), miic do uu tien ciia timg viec ra sao, trong mdt cdng viec cdn nhiing chi tiet nhd nao can chii y , dan dan lam chu thdi gian, cdng viec
va tuang lai cua chinh minh
Viec su dung BDTD thudng xuyen qua thdi gian ed the an sau, bam rl vao tu duy eon ngudi, frd thanh mdt thdi quen tdt la trade khi lam bit cii viec
gi cung cd can nhac, cd ke hoach rd rang va logic vach ra ngay frong dau
Bat cii nha tuyen dung nao neu ed nhu cau ciing se khdng khudc tii nhiing SV du mdi
ra tradng nhung cd tu duy logic, mach lac, phan iing vdi tinh hudng nhanh, lam viec nhdm hieu qua va cd dau dc quan ly tdt Mat khac, ngudi
SV thudng xuyen luyen tap
tu duy se nhay ben hon vdi nhttng CO hdi tdt va ban than
hg ty dua mmb den nhftng hudng di diing dan, sang sua ban cho tuang lai Ai dd da ndi rang: "Thanh cdng chi den vdi nhftng ai cd chien luge
"quan tri cuoc ddi" dung dan"
va BDTD la mdt frong nhung phuang phap hiiu hieu nhat de xay dyng nen dieu dd
Tai lieu tham khao
1 TS Trin Dinh Chau &
TS Phimg Khie Binh ,(ddng
chu bien) "Sic dung hdn dd tu
duy trong tu hpc vd budc ddu tap dugt nghiin citu khoa hpc cho hpc sinh', Hudng dan
ty bgc tich eye trong mdt sd mdn hge cho bgc smh THCS, Trang 39, NXB Ha Ndi (2012)
2 TS Trin Dinh Chau &
TS Dang Thj Thu Thiiy; "Sit
dung BDTD gdp phdn tich cue hda hogt dpng hpc tap cua HS"; Tap chi Khoa hge Giao
due, 2009
Summary Mind mapping is a simple and effective leaming tool, helping college students
in graphical and visual representation of their thoughts and ideas The usage of mind maps has been infroduced and gradually applied in Vietnamese educational system for over ten years
In college, mind mapping is being used extensively by students to achieve better scores in some International English Language standard tests (lELTS, TOEFL, TOEIC .), enhance the quality of group-work and sharpen their skills for fiiture career Therefore, it is significantly important for college students to acknowledge the effectiveness of mind map and apply it in their leaming frequently
TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 • 3 9