HUaNG DAN QUAN LI su DUNG THlTC TRANG TRANG Bj VA SUf DUNG DO DUNG, D 6 CHdl THIET Dj T^l THif U d MOT SO TRUifNG MAM NON TAI HA NOI TS Le Bich Ngpc ThS Phan Ddng Phuong Vien Khoa hpc Gido due Vipt Na[.]
Trang 1THlTC TRANG TRANG Bj VA SUf DUNG DO DUNG,
D 6 CHdl THIET Dj T^l THif U d MOT SO TRUifNG MAM NON TAI HA NOI
TS Le Bich Ngpc - ThS Phan Ddng Phuong
Vien Khoa hpc Gido due Vipt Nam
Do dung (DD), do chai ldp mau gido nhd, 52 GV ldp mpt tre d Ba Vi cdn rdt thap
(DC), thilt bi toi mdu gido Idn), 18 cdn bd qudn (0.80 - 0.00 cdi/ldp)
thieu (TBTT) Id mgt li (CBQL) gido dye mam non Quan sat trye tiep cho thdy
bp phan dae biet quan trgng Cdc phuang phdp khdo sdt da sd DD, DC, TB cd chat lipu khdng the thieu trong qud chinh Id trung cdu y kien GV ben, chac, kich thudc phu hgp, trinh gido dye d trudng mam va CBQL qua phieu tnmg cau, mau sac tuoi sdng, ket cau non (TMN) Chiing tham gia kiem ke thyc hgng qua bdng chac chan, dam bdo an todn vao viec hien thuc hda muc ke theo Tieu chuan kT thuat vd ve sinh khi tre sii dyng tieu, ndi dung, phuang phdp DD-DC-Thiet bi dgy hgc Quan sdt vd thdng ke theo
vd hmh thirc td chiic gido dye (TBDH) tdi thieu diing cho Tieu chudn ki thugt DD-DC-tre D I tiiyc hien chuong trinh GDMN, trao ddi tryc tiep vdi TBDHTT cho thay: DD, DC,
GV, CBQL, du gid/hoat ddng TB phan anh dugc ndi dung
d cac ldp mau gido qua de gido due trgng tam, phye vu cuong khdo sat Ket qud thu cho cac boat ddng sinh hogt
giao dye mam non (GDMN)
CO hieu qua thi DD, DC,
TBTT cdn dugc trang bi dii,
sir dyng phu hgp vdi yeu cau
cua chucmg trinh giao dye, vdi
nhu cdu vd boat ddng chu dao
ciia tre, hong thyc hanh hang
ngay theo phuang phdp gido
dye mdi
Chiing tdi da tien hdnh
khao sdt thyc trgng trang hi
va sii dyng do dimg (SDDD),
DC, TBTT d mdt sd TMN
tai Hd Ndi dl tim hieu nhung
thugn Igi, khd khan, nguyen
nhan, bien phdp khac phye
thyc trang nay Cugc khdo sdt
dugc nhu sau
1 Thyc trang trang bi
DD, BC, TBTT d mot s6
TMN tai Ha Npi Thdng ke chung ve trang bi
DD, DC, TB tren mdt sd TMN
d Hd Ndi cho thay: Miic do trang hi tuong ddi du d TMN
Ha Ndi, Ha Ddng vd thilu d TMN Ba Vi
hdng ngay ciia he (an, ngu, ve sinh ca nhan, hpe tap, vui choi, tham quan, da ngogi) eho cdc boat dpng gido dye (lam quen vdi the gidi xung quanh, vdi cdc bieu tugng so dang ve toan, lam quen vdi van hgc, chii cai, tao hinh, am nhac, thi due vd van ddng co bdn) cho cdc hd choi (phan vai, hpe Muc dp tiang bi dd dung du tap, ddng kich, xdy dyng, sam (82.20%), dd chai (67.20%), vai theo chu dl) Tuy nhien, thilt bi (61.80%), tap trung nhiing dd dimg ve sinh (thiing
d TMN Ha Ngi vd Hd Ddng rac, thiing dyng nude cho ti-e dugc tiln hanh ti-ong thdng Miic dg trang bi do diing thieu udng chua dii cho mdi ldp)
4, 5, 6 nam 2011 tai Ha Ndi, (17.80%), dd chai (36,60%),
d 4 quan/huj/en/tiii xa, trong thilt hi (37,60%), tap tiling d
6 tmdng (mdm non 20/10 - TMN Ba Vi
Hoan Kilm, mau giao Viet Sd lugng DD, DC, TBTT
hilu - Ddng Da, radm non dugc ti-ang bi tirong ddi day
Hoa Hdng, mdm non 3/2 - Ha du d cac TMN Ha Ndi vd
Dong, MN 1/6, mdm non Tay
Dang - Ba Vi), vdi 71 ldp (20
ldp mau gido be, 25 lop mdu
gido nhd, 26 Idp mau giao
Hd Ddng, nhung rat thieu d
d ndng tiidn (0.89 - 0.17 cdi / Idp Dd choi mang tinh khdm pha, thii nghiem, sdng tao cho tre cdn it (0.90 - 0.00 cdi/ he) nhu: do choi vdi cat vd nude, cdng chui, vdng the dye to, ept nem bdng, ghep niit Idn, TMN Ba Vi (cdc Idp MG 3-4 dyng cu cham sdc cay, bd tudi thilu 55/107 danh muc, ldp rap kT thugt, bg lap ghep 4-5hidi - 60/129 danh myc,
idn), 112 giao viln (GV) (60 5-6 hidi - 70/127 danh myc)
GV ldp mdu giao be, 50 GV Sd lugng DD, DC, TBTT cho
Ngay nhgn bdi 9/6/2012; Ngdy duyel ddng 28/7/2012 ^ ^
can chia vach, kinh liip, dng nhdm, pheu nhya, ddng hd hgc sd hgc hinh, ban tinh hgc
Trang 2dem, nguyen vdt lipu dan let,
biit long cdc kich ed, con roi,
sa ban giao thdng, Nhirng
tdi lipu hudng dan bdo vp mdi
tnrdng, tiet kipm nang lugng,
bang dTa tho ca, truypn kc kc
truypn theo tranh, tivi, dau dTa
DVD, dan organ, cho cd it
dugc trang bj (0.80 - 0.00 cai/
ldp)
2 Thyc trang su- dyng
DD, DC, TBTT o mpt so
TMN tai Hd Npi
Thdng ke chung vd trao ddi
tryc tiep phdng van qua phieu
dieu tra vdi CBQL, GV cho
thdy thuc trgng sii dung DD,
DC,TB dugc trang bi phii hgp
vdi yeu cdu cua chuong trinh
GDMN hipn hdnh (82.40%),
vdi nhu cau cua tre (64.70%),
dugc sii dung chii yen trong
hogt ddng vui choi (95.10%),
trong thyc hdnh hang ngdy
(95.10%), theo phuang phdp
ldm mdu (81.40%), giai thich
vd gidng gidi (97.10%), rieng
phuang phap thir nghiem vd
khdm pha (II, 08 %) h dugc
quan tam
Nhimg DD DC TB it
dugc sii dyng Id nhiing DC
van ddng: bye bgt sdu (80% y
kien), cdng chui (80% y kien),
egtnem(40% y kien), hpp thd
hinh (20% y kien), vdng the
dye cho GV (40% y kiln), DC
mang tinh sdng tgo nhu nguyen
lieu dl dan tet (80% y kiln),
be chai vdi cdt vd nude (80%
y kien) Id td phuang tipn giao
thdng (50% y kien) Id td dpng
vdt (40% y kien), lich cua be
(50% y kien), ggch xay dyng
(40% y kien), bg lap rdp xe lira
(50% y kiln), kinh lup (100%
y kien), pheu nhya (80% y
kiln), dat ngn (20% y kien),
DC cho cdc hogt dgng gido
dye nhu kdo thii cdng (80% </
kilnl, sa bdn giao thdng (40%
y kien) dyng cy cham sdc cay (50% y kiln), trang phye bg dgi (40% y kien), trang phye bdc sT (40% y kien), tranh anh mgt so nghe nghipp(50% y kien), mpt so hlnh dnh le hgi danh lam thang cdnh (50% y kien), trong da (80% y kien), bang con (40% y kien), DD
cho GV nhu tdi lipu Gido due
ndng lu0i^ tiet kipm hipu qud
(50% y kien), gidy AO (50% y kien)
3 Nhirng thuan Ipi, khd khan ve trang bi vd sir dung
DD, DC, TBTT if mpt so
TMN tai Ha Npi
3.1 Thugn Ipi: Da sd DD,
DC, TBTT dan gidn, mdu ma dep, phong phii, hap ddn, de
su dung, giiip tre himg thii, chii dgng hon hong cdc hogt dgng gido due Tre de dang sir dyng, ldm theo hudng ddn cua
cd, dimg dugc thudng xuyen trong sinh hoat hdng ngdy Da
sd DD, DC, TBTT dugc GV diing de lam mdu, gidi thich cho trc, td chiic budi chai hipu qua hem, Idm phong phu cac hogt dpng gido dye cho he
3.2 Kho khan: Sd lugng
DD, DC dugc hang bi chua
du theo danh muc tdi thieu, tren ddu tre vd d nhimg TMN
xa trung tdm thdnh phd (Ba Vi) Chat lugng mgt sd DD,
DC, TB chua ddm bdo (chat lieu nhya khdng tdt, mdng, de
bi bpp, meo, chua dpp) Kich thudc, dp ben cua mgt sd do choi chua phii hgp vdi he: cd
DC qud to he khdng cam, nam
bung be dugc, mgt sd DC nhd tr6 de bd vdo mipng gay nguy hilm, mgt sd tranh dnh theo chu de cd chi tiet nhd, kho nhin, cdc bg hgc lieu theo chu
de ciia Chuong trinh giao dye nhd tre tir 6 - 36 thdng cd kich thudc to so vdi tre Nhung DC khdm pha, thu nghiem vd sang tgo ddnh eho tre d cae Iiia tuoi deu cdn it trong danh myc va thieu trong TMN
4 Nguyen nhan cua thyc trang ve trang bj va sir dyng
DD, DC, TBTT d mpt so TMN tai Hd Npi Traoddi vdi GV vd CBQL cho thdy nguyen nhdn chinh
ciia thyc trgng hen Id: Ve tdi
chinh: Kinh phi ddnh cho viec
mua sam DD, DC, TB d cdc TMN cdn it Ve danh mgc: chua cd danh myc DD, DC,
TB ngoai trdi, TB hong nhd hep trong tieu chudn tdi thieu cho TMN Cd nhiing dd choi trong danh myc he khdng choi dugc Vi dy, tre MG be it diing dugc keo thu edng, dap
Id, trang phye cho tre MG Idn
cd kich thudc chat choi Ve
so lupmg vd chdt luong DD,
DC TB: sd lugng ti^g bi it,
khdng dii cho mgt ldp hogc mgt he DD, DC, TB khong
cd, hoac da cii, hdng, mdu sac chua phong j)hu nen he mau chdn Mdt sd loai cd mdu ma chua dpp Cd mgt sd dd chai gidng vat thgt nen chua phat huy dugc tri tudng tugng cua
he nhu bdn chdt md hd choi timg mang lai cho tre Iiia tudi nay Vi du: bd dd diing bdc
sT thudng cu, ggch xay dung thudng hdng, bac mdu, dat ngn cd vdi mdu, bang dia bdi
Trang 3hat, nhgc khdng Idi, ddn ca,
hat ru, bang/ dTa cdc tho ca,
tmyen ke cd ndi dung chua
cgp nhgt, Ve gido vien: cd
the thay thi DD, DC, TB cu
bang cdch sang tao cdi mdi
cho phu hgp vdi chu de, ngi
dung ehua cap nhgt, vdi dac
diem ciia h e d mdi Idp Ngoai
ra, cd nhung dd ehai do chinh
GV khdng nhgn thirc dugc gid
trj gido dye, hogc ngai td chiic
hoat ddng giao dye cho tre vdi
nhiing do choi ndy, nhu cdng
chui, kinh Iiip, pheu nhya, hgp
did hinh, be choi cat nude
Han niia, khi sd lugng tre
trong mdt Idp qud ddng (60tre/
Idp), GV chua kiem soat dugc
kl nang sir dung cua timg tre
nen ngai diing DC, TB; Ve tre:
KT nang su dyng DD, DC, TB
con han cbe Tre td md, hieu
dpng, chua tap tiimg, hay thao
rdi, dap vd, quang nem dd
choi
5 Mpt sd bien phap khdc
phuc thyc t r a n g ve t r a n g bi
vd sir dung DD, DC, T B T T d
mpt so TMN tai Ha Npi
Nhung bipn phdp thudng
dugc GV dp dung de khde
phye thye tigng hen Id xa hpi
boa, ty Idm
5.1 Xa hpi hoa: Trao ddi
vdi CBQL eho thay DD, DC,
TB d mdt sd TMN dugc bd
sung them nhd cdc td chiic xa
hdi (chilm 27.50 % ) , td chirc
vd ca nhan tir thien (chiem
13.90%), nhd nude (chiem
32.70%), edc bipn phdp khdc
chilm (38.00%) Cac hinh
thiic xa hpi hda chii yen Id
tham van cho cac co quan, cdc
cdp chinh quyin, harih thu sy
ung hd eiia phy huynh, thdng
nhdt chii truong, tuyen truyen
ve sy cdn thiet cua DD, DC,
TB can mua sdm cho tre em, keu ggi sy ty nguyen ling hd cua phy huynh, cdc edp lanh dao, thu hiit phy huynh td chiic thyc hipn, nhd trudng thilt lap ban gidm sdt, chiu trdch nhiem thyc hien
5.2 Tu ldm: Mgt so DD,
DC cd the do co ty Idm, tre ty Idm, cd vd tre ty lam nhu: Ld
td, tranh mdu tao hinh, tranh truypn dugc cd va tre ty Idm,
cd ldm bang P.P, lam trong cdc cugc tbi tai tren mang Tuyen tap tho, truyen, bai hdt, tdi lieu hudng dan dugc GV cd tudi rat ua chudng, do thdi quen dgy hpc ddng logt, nhung GV tre thich tu tim tdi hen mang, sdng tdc ciing tre, cho h e sang tdc, ty lam cdc loai con rdi don gidn de minh hpa (rdi dpt, rdi day, rdi vai, rdi giay, )
Nhiing ndi dung, hinh thiic tu lam ndy phii hgp vdi dieu kien trudng, Idp mdu gido vd trinh
do cua GV
Hipn nay viec trang bi vd sii dyng DD, DC vd TBTT mdi dat dugc d eae TMN thanh phd, chua dgt dugc d nhiing TMN ngogi thanh Ha Ndi D I thye hien tdt dugc tieu chuan tdi thilu v l DD, DC, TB tai cdc TMN Ha Ndi, ehiing tdi
cd mdt sd kien nghi nhu sau:
- Tiep tuc nghien cim, bd sung danh myc DD, DC, TBTT, dgc bipt khu vyc nhd bep, san choi ngodi trdi cho cdc TMN, chu hgng nghien ciiu chat lieu, kich tiiudc, hinh dang, rndu sdc cho phii hgp vdi ddc diem tam sinh li h e em Viet Nam, tang cudng cac dd chcri mang tinh
khdm phd, thir nghiem vd sang tgo CBQL TMN chu ddng
de xuat nhu cau ve cdc DD,
DC, TBTT trong giai dogn mdi, ddp ling tdt nhat cho viec cham sdc vd giao due tre, tang cudng xa hdi hda trang bj DD,
DC, TB cho TMN GV cd thi
ty !dm mdt sd DD, DC nhu Id
td, tranh minh hga truyen do
cd va he ciing lam, P.P phye
vu cho boat ddng hpc, dogn phim ngan minh hga cho chii
de, bdi hat, suu tdm tuyen tap tho truyen, dia hinh de dgy tre hogt ddng kham pha, thii nghiem, sang tao, sach trd choi, nhac khdng Idi, dTa tranh truyen, dia trd choi, dia nhgc Tai lieu tham khao
1 Bd GD & DT Tieu chuan kT thuat Dd dung - Dd choi - Thiet hi day hgc tdi thieu dung cho GDMN (quyet dinh sd 341/QD-BGDDT, ngay 30/7/2010)
2 Bd GD & DT, Chuong trinh gido dye mam non, NXB Giao dye, H.2009
Summary
Surveying the status of providing and using utensils, toys and equipments at least in some kindergartens
in Hanoi to explore the difficulties and advantages, causes and measures On the basis, proposing measures
to implement minimum standards of utensils, toys and equipment issued by Ministry
of Education and Training,
as additional research, socialization, self- making