THIET KE CHlTdNG TRJNH DAO TAO GIAO Vl lN zmo ziiv MJV Mm t\lt liAu lU Cidt tuqng ddo tqo (OT) Id mdt khdl nlfm da difn, ludn d$t ro nhung mdi quan tdm eCing nhihig thdch thue mdl cho cdc nhd thiit k[.]
Trang 1THIET KE CHlTdNG TRJNH DAO TAO GIAO VllN
zmo ziiv MJV Mm t\lt liAu lU
Cidt tuqng ddo tqo (OT) Id mdt khdl nlfm da
difn, ludn d$t ro nhung mdi quan tdm eCing
nhihig thdch thue mdl cho cdc nhd thiit k i ,
id chuc vd thyc thi cdc chuong trinh DT (duqc
hliu nhu mdt td hgp ndi dung cdc mdn hqc vd
Hin trinh thyc thl nhdm hudng d i n mdt myc
Hiu DT chung) Qud trinh ndy tdp hgp nhliu
y i u td cdu thdnh, tqo n i n «cht sd'" ehdt tugng
d mdt gdc nhin, chdt lugng chuang trinh DT cd
t h i \\\i\i Id vifc tim ro duge «loglc khoo hgc"
giiJo «lt do tdn tql" [ndi dung, vj trt, y nghTo)
cuo mdn hqc trong chuang trtnh DT vdl mye
Hiu, k i t qud ddu ro d i hinh thdnh ndng lyc
(NL) edn ed eiJa ngudi hqc
1 T h l i l k i chuong Irlnh theo NL ddu ra
1} Cde khdl nl$m Cd nhiiu cdch hiiu v i khdl
niem NL, nhung tyu chung, cd t h i chi ro 4 dlim
khd) qudt: - Tfnh djnh hirang v i kit qud cudi cung
md ngudi hqc cdn phdi Idm duge sou khi kit thije
mdt ehirong trinh DT; - Td hqp cdc kr ndng vd
hdnh vi, gid h-j, niim Hn d i thye thl cde nhlfm
vy trong h>ng bdl ednh, mdc dd ey t h i ; - Td hgp
cdc chi sd v i kien thue, kT ndng, thai dd, phdm
chdt duge hinh thdnh theo nhiJng chudn duge cdng
bd hvdc vd khd ndng ciia cd nhdn vdn dyng chung
trong thyc t i ; - Sy «sSn sdng" thyc hff n hdnh
dqng ddp ung cdc y i u cdu chung, yiu edu ey t h i
h-ong tung bdl ednh theo ehudn
Trong edeh Hip cdn trin, ed t h i nhdn thdy 2
«ldp" eua NL: NL «thdm quyin" (competency) vd
N l «ehuyin bift" (competaice) N h u vdy cd i h i
hliu rdng, «lt do tdn h;il" cuo mqt mdn hqc cy i h i
cdn ddp ung theo ehudn, hudng d i n vifc hinh
thdnh NL «chuyin bift", c6ng phdl hgp vdi cde
mdn hqc khde d i hinh thdnh NL «thdm quyin*
eho ngudi hgc md ngdnh nghi dd y i u cdu
Dy dn Dliu chfnh edu tnjc gido dye tql chdu
Au (Tuning EducaHon Shvchjre In Europe) dd d i
xudt phdn loqi cdc NL cdn hlnh thdnh d ngudi
hgc h-ong i h i kf XXI theo 2 nhdm tdn, boo gdm:
- Nhdm NL chung {generic) gdm 2 9 NL duge chlo
Q TS T O N Q U A N G C U O N G '
thdnh 3 loqi: NL cdng cy (nhdn thue, phuong phdp
ludn, kr thudt vd ngdn ngCr); NL Ilin nhdn cdch (cd nhdn vd xd hdl) vd NL hf thdng (phdi kit hgp
cdc y i u td thdnh mdt hf thdng chtnh thi); - Nhdm cdc NL chuyin bi$t [specific] cho 13 ngdnh (vf
dy: cd 15 NL chuyfn b l i l cho G V cde mdn KHTN)
2) Md hinh hinh thdnh NL ddu ra xudt phdt
Kr cdch tlip edn NL, ndl dung dqy hgc, ndl dung cdc mdn hgc edn duge thiit k i , xdy dyng h u ^
d i n vifc hinh thdnh nhijng NL vi>a ey tni,^vOa khdl qudI cho mdt ngdnh nghi DT Kit qudmong dql cudi eCing ddt ro muc dd tdl thiiu md n j p ^ hgc edn thyc hifn duqc v i mdt klin thue vd c6c
NL hoqt ddng nghi nghifp chuyin mdn dugcDT Danh myc cdc kit qud mong dgi chfnh Id mft
«gdl" cdc NL hqc tdl thleu nr>d ngudi phdl ihyc hifn duqc sou khi kit thue mqt chuong trinh DT
N h u vdy, cd t h i khdng djnh rdng, NL dau ra
[competency^ cd mdi quan h i blin chdng mot thii't vdl kit qud cudi cung {outcome) d ngudi
hgc: kit qud cud'l cung chfnh Id mqt h-ong nhirng
ehf sd eua NL, vd ngugc tqi, NL Id sy dien dgt mgt cdch ddy du eho mdt k i l qud cy thi
Ti> cdch Hip cdn dyo frin hf thdng cdc kit qud mong dgl (ludn duge cdp nhdi hdng nfim, djnh ki h-in co sd phdn Kch nhu cdu kx> dfng, bdl cdnh xd hdl vd nghi nghlip) cd t h i ji^dn
chlo NL ra Idm 3 nhdm chfnh: - Nhdm NL cdtlSI:
chung cho mdt ngdnh nghi DT (vt dy: sup/igrn);
Nhdm NL ca bdn: chung eho m§t ehuyin nganh
OT (vf dy: suphgm tiiu hgc, suphgm trvng hgc, suphgm dgi hgc); - Nhdm NL c/iyyin bl&: Jiuyin cho mdt hoqt ddng, Ifnh vyc cy t h i (vt dy: sufham Todn /jpc)
Bin cqnh dd, cdc y i u td nhu Chudn nghl nghifp, nhu -cdu ciio thj trudng lao ddng vd<d£i£
nhd tuyin dyng \g\ thdi diem thiit kichuongtr^h
cOng cdn duge h'nh den vdl hr edeh Id c d c y ^ * ^
chi phdl (hwig mdl sd hvdng hgp cy t h i «&dm
"S'ife
*Tnl»4B|ib9ccia«dvc-09iliQC(|iiAc^lUIW ^o^
Tap chi Blao due s6 2 9 8 (id a - n/aoia)
Trang 2cdn/jjn/irfidn/)")
SadS 1 Cdu trOc hinh thdnh NL ddu ra
C
ts
f
H - " - * ^
Sadd2.CdcmucNL
^ MmgkMiuliWig
3) Thtit ki / i f thdng cdc kit qud mong dgl
Cdc kit qud dqt duge {output) trong qud h-inh
trien khai OT cd t h i duge nhin nhdn nhu sy cy t h i
hda <(thdnh td cdu thdnh" cuo NL (chuyin bift
hodc cdt loi - khdi qudt)
Mdt myc tieu dqy hgc cdn dircrc dien dqt theo
cdng thOc: MT= cbisd'hdnh vi + ch!sd'tht/c hlin
+ chi sddleu kien
Tuong ung, mdl ndi dung kit qud hqc tdp d
ngudi hqc cdn duge dien dql theo cdng thue: KQ
= hdnh vl (thao tdc, hogt ddng) + dd't tugng tdc
ddng (dieu khiin) + phuang thue thi/e hl$n
(bdl cdnh)
Tu cdch tiip cdn trin, ed t h i khdng djnh NL
cuo ngi;di hqc si duge hinh thdnh dya trin vifc
thyc hlin cdc nhlem vy nhdm d i n nhiJng kit qud
mong mudn theo cdc mye Hiu djnh trude h-ong
nhiJng diiu kifn ey t h i cOa chuong h-inh DT Vifc
hinh thdnh duac ede NL ddu ro d ngudi hgc phy
thudc vdo nhieu y i u td, dliu kifn cuo qud trinh
OT Tuy nhlen, trong mqf hvdng hqp, mgl chuong
h-lnh DT se duge coi Id cd chdt lugng niu ngudi
hqc tfch luy vd hinh thdnh duge nhiJng NL d mijc
chdp nhdn duge (dqt myc tieu DT)
^ts"^ yl
2 T h l i l k i chuong trtnh ddo tqo gido vlin (DTGV) Iheo NL ddu ro
Chuong trinh OT duge thiit k i dya trin eo sd
fd hgp c6c kit qud mong dgl (duqc phdn theo
cdc miic d f thyc hifn), cdc NL chuy$n bi$t, ea bdn vd cdt Idi duge thiit k i , md td ehl tlit V i mdt
If ludn, mdt chuong trinh DT duge coi Id phu hgp,
hifu qud khi cd id hqp tuong ung v i cdc NL cdt ldl, ea bdn vd chuy&n ib/^/dyo trin vifc cung edp
ddy du cdc ca hql lyo ehqn cho ngudi hqc
]) Module hda, Hn chi hda Cdc NL nghi
nghifp cdn duge thdm thdu, xuyin sudt h-ong lodn
bd chuong h-inh mdn hqe, duqc dlln dql, md td
cy t h i trong cdc myc tliu, nql dung OT Cde ndi dung mdn hqe (chuong trinh) si duge lyo chgn trin CO sd: - M d td nghi nghifp chi Hit theo chiiu vecto h> NL cdt loi => co Iran => chuyin bift;
- Cde mue dd cOa NL edn duge hinh thdnh; - Cdc myc Hiu duge uu Hin
Trong thyc Hen gido dye Viet Nam, vifc thiit
k i chuong h-Inh DTGV theo tiip edn module trong
OT theo tfn chi cd the boo gdm nhijng module chtnh sou (d ddy khdng tinh d i n cdc mdn hqe thudc phdn kien thue chung bdt bude theo quy
djnh): Module J: Ca bdn (cdc Uioo hqccol^dn); Module 2: Chuyin ngdnh (khoa hgc gido dye, su phqm, ldm It hqc); Module 3: Phdt triin nghe nghidp ehuyin mdn (nghifp vy theo bqc hgc); Module 4: DT nghe ehuyen sdu (nghifp vg ndng cao); Module 5: Thi/e hdnh nghe su phgm (theo
loqi hinh hvdng nol gido sinh si cdng tdc trong h/ong lol) Cdc mdn hqe ey t h i h-ong hJng module
si duge thiit ke dyo trin nguyin ide tich hgp, Ilin mdn, bdm sdt ede hf thdng chudn NL ddu ra, tdng h'nh thyc hdnh ung dyng, tdng sd luqng cdc
mdn hqe h/ ehqn [elective)
Thiit k i chuong trinh DT theo hinfrng ndy sS cho phep tdng khd ndng mim d i o , chuyin ddi trong DTGV theo ede ehuyin ngdnh, bde hqe (su phqm Hiu hgc, THCS, THPT, thdm ehf gidng viin coo ddng, dgi hgc), tdng khd ndng thfch dng vd) thoy ddl cuo nhd trudng ngoy hai thdi dlim ngudi hgc tdt nghifp, ro cdng Ide vd trong ede ndm Hep iheo; ddng ihdl IOT hqng lyo ehqn cOo h>ng ngudi
Trang 3thoy ddl vd ihfch ung vdl nhu cdu), ddm bdo Knh
k i thCro vd liin h^c trong qud h-inh ty DT vd hge
tdp sudi ddi cuo ngudi nqc
Mdt khdc, cOng vdl vifc triin khol DT theo
tfn chf trong dql ngc do ngdnh, da linh vyc
chuong trinh DTGV ndy si tqo eo hdl cho ngudi
hqc ed t h i Id'y bdng kip [double degree) trin
CO sd chuyin ngdnh gdn vdt chuong trtnh DTGV
(vl dy: ci> nhdn NgO vdn vd cCi nhdn Su phqm
NgU vdn)
Odl vdi chuong trinh djnh hudng DTGV,
chuyin ngdnh ngudi hge lyo ehgn si duge
xdc djnh bdi tl If djnh hudng vd mt}c dd
chuyin sdu vdo mdn hgc/nhdm mdn hgc ndo
dd trong module, tfnh dd'i tut/ng cua hoql
ddng nghi nghifp Irong luong lal (hqc sinh
hiu hgc, hay trung hgc, sinh viin, cdc dd'i
tugng gido aye khdc)
D i ihyc thl md hlnh OT mong tfnh thfch i>ng,
phdt triin nghi nghifp vd dy b>do dfir\ ddu nhiJng
thcry ddl h-ong thye tiSn gido dye vd xd hdl, cdc
CO sd DTGV edn ehuyin ddl eo cdu cdc Wioo h>
ehuyin ngdnh h^p (Ithoa Su phqm Todn khoo
Nghf thudt, khoo Gido dye HJU hge ) song md
hinh khoa theo Irnh vyc vd loql hinh OT (Wioo co
bdn, khoo Gido dye, khoo Phdt h-lin nghi nghifp,
khoo Su phqm } Cdu hvc td chuc cdc khoa theo
md hinh ndy phO h t ^ vdl thdng If qude t i hifn
noy Theo dd, qud trinh OT si huy ddng duge sy
thom gla bdl ddi ngu gidng vlin, chuyin gio t^
nhiiu khoo khdc nhou, nhiiu don vj khde hrong
vd ngodl hvdng Vf dy: Module 1 «Co ladn' sS
boo gdm td hqp cdc mdn hqc cho nhliu chuyin
ngdnh su phqm (su phqm Todn, su phqm Nhgc,
Mr thudt, Nghf thudt ) vd cdp dd khdc nhou (gido
viin (GV) Hiu hge, THCS, THPT)
Mdl khdc, mdl sinh vlin dO ddng kf chuong
h-lnh DT d i Ird thdnh GV tliu hge h-ong hrang lol,
dd hge duge mdt sd mdn cuo Module 1, 2 vSn
cd thi tlip h/c ddng kt hgc cdc mdn ciJa cdc
module ndy vd ede module khdc d i trd thdnh GV
THCS hodc THPT Ho<Jc, mdt sinh vlin idt nghlip
ehuyin ngdnh Su phqm Vdt If (THPT) niu h'ong
dliu kifn cdn thiit cOa thyc t i nhd trvdng not
cdng h^c, cd thi ddm nhlfm duge mdt sd mdn
«liin quon gdn" nhu Tin hgc, Ty nhiin, Thlin vdn,
Cdng nghf
2) Phdn tdng^ phdn dip Cdch Ilip cdn x d /
dyng chuong trInn theo pndn tdng, phdn ctfp
cdp dd hrong (>ng vdl bde OT ciJ nhdn, thge sT
vd tlin sT theo Iliu chf ndng cao (bde) vd chuyin sdu (mtic dd)
Thiit k i chuong Mnh theo phdn tdng vd edp
dd (chi>ng ehf nghifp vy su phqm, ci> nhdn, ihqc
sT, Hin sT) cOngld mdt hudng dl nhdm din vifc tqo CO hdl hinh thdnh NL cho ngudi hgc mdt c6ch llnh hoqt Qud trtnh ndy eOng (Jit) hgp vdl thdng
If qude t i h-ong qud h'inh DTGV, nay nhdm d6p i>ng ddng ihdl 2 mye dfch: - Cung cdp, bd sung k)p ihdl ngudn nhdn lyc cdn thiiu hyl h-ong dliu kifn cho phip, md rdng co hdl hdnh nghi GV;
- DT (DT Iql/h/ DT vd OT ndng coo) ddi ngO GV
cd tfnh chuyin nghifp, cd Mnh dd chuyin mdn cao, khd ndng nghlin cdu vd ihye hdnh gido dye chuyin sdu (hifn nay tgl Hoo Ki tdn tgl song h6nh
d md hlnh chuong Mnh DTGV)
Cdc mdn hqe Irong h>ng module si duqc ihlil
k i theo 2 nhdm: cde khdl kiin thue 'c/iung^vd
Ac/iyytfn bl$f, thi hifn sy phdn tdng v i muc df
sdu, h^p Kiy ihudc vdo chuong Wnh DT i)ng vdl ddu ra Id GV tliu hqc hoy hvng hqc (ho$c nha gido dye ndl chung) vd cdp dd OT (cu nhdn, thqc
sT hodc Hin sT) Vf dy, ddl vdl Module 1 (gim cdc mdn eo bdn, cung cdp cdc kiin thue l^oa
hqe eo bdn, ddm bdo nin tdng khoa hgc eOa
mdn hgc - content knowledge) md GV ddm nhlim sou ndy cd thi duge thiit k i theo nhiJng myc Hiu riing cho DTGV (di ddm bdo edn ddl hdl hda gii/o vifc bdm sdt cdc ndl dung khoa hqc eua
chuong trtnh phd thdng vdl cdc linh vyc dnuyin sdu cdo ngdnh khoa hqc tuong ung; v\ dy: thiit
k i chuong trinh mdn hgc iheo Hip cdn Todn su phgm, Khoo hqc h/ nhlin su phqm ) Cdch hip cdn ndy glilp GV ed thi vdn dyng duqc ngay nhiJng klin thdc khoo hge d i dgy hqc (d cdc edp khdc nhou) sou khi ra hvdng, ddng thdt vdn tiip h^c ihyc hifn ede nghlin cuu theo frnh vyc khoa hgc eaibdn
Thlil k i chuong h'inh theo edeh Hip cdn NL ddu ro ddl hdl qud Wnh dliu tra, phdn Kch va xi> If cdc thdng Hn h> nhliu phta, trong dd nhdn mqnh din nhu cdu thyc t i cOa cdc nhd siJ dyng loo ddng trin co sd dy bdo nhiJng thoy ddl vd yiu edu mdl Qud Wnh thiit k i chucmg trinh theo cdch Hip cdn ndy cdn duge thye hlin iheo
4 /wdc ca bdn sou: - M6 Id rd «chdn dung'
ngudi ldl nghlip chucmg Wnh (cdc thudc tfmi,
Tap chi Giio dye s6 298 m «- ii/a»itt
Trang 4bdi cdnh hogl ddng ); - Xdc ldp cdc NL cdn
thiit (ehung vd chuyin bift) cdn duqc hinh thdnh,
DT; - Chi Hit hda cdc NL thdnh nhiJng kr ndng
hoqt ddng cy t h i (vf dy: NL dqy hqe s i duqc
hinh thdnh bdl nhliu «kT ndng" t h i hifn trong
vifc dqy hge nhu: kT ndng tim hliu dd'l h/gng,
xdy dyng mye I l i u , klim Ira, ddnh gid ); - Rd
sodt, kiim chung (khdo sdl, Idy y klin chuyin
glo) sy phiJ hgp vd khd thl cuo cnuong trtnh tneo
djnh hudng NL ddu ra
Trin eo sd xdc ldp duge cdc nhdm NL edn
hinh thdnh (NLddu ra) d ngudi hge, hf thdng cdc
mdn hqc theo cde khdl klin thue se duqc thiit k i
vd trien khol mqt cdch khoo hgc, linh hogt (td
chuc dqy hge theo nKxJule, iheo h'n ehf) Q
T&i lifu tham khdo
1 Guofang Wan, Dianne M Gut Bringing School
into the 21st Century Springer Publishing, 2011
2 David D Preiss, Roliert J Stemlierg Innovations in
educational psychology: perspectives on learning,
teaching, and human development Springer
Publishing Company, 2010
3 O B AxyjioBa, C A nHcapeaa, E B riHCKyMOBa, A
n TpnnHUbma CoepeMeHHOx utKona- ontim
HM A H repucHa, 2005, 285c
4 Definition and seiection of competencies (DeSeCo) OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and
D e v e l o p m e n t ) , 2 0 0 6 Retrieved from h t t p : / /
w w w d e s e c Q a d m i n c h / b f s / d e s e c o / e n / i n d e x / 02.html
5 TUNING Education Structure in Europe (Dy fin)
h t t p : / / w w w u n i d e u s t o o r y / t u n i n g e u / competences.hlml
SUMMARY
The article examines competence and outcome
based qpprooch In denning teactier educatkin
pro-gram The generk: and ^uecl^ competencies are or-ganized In 4 different level and they lead the quality, outcomes of teacher preparation program toward profession standards However, /hese competencies must be clarified and integrated to 5 modules of the program which provide flexibility, electiveness and opportunities for lifelong learners and continue pro-fes^nc^dev^opment The author suggests model of competence tsased teacher preparatton program In crecBt system at muttkilsc^jlharyunlwrstHes
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