SK PHAM Kl THUJiT VlEl NAM THEO DINH HUONG TfCH HDP GOlO O PGS TS NGUYEN V A N KHCI" C6c ca %d ddo igo (DT) gl6o vidn, c6c trudng su phgm dang phdl dd''''l m$t v61 nhidu ihdch thue, mdu ihuSn Mdu thufin[.]
Trang 1SK PHAM Kl THUJiT VlEl NAM THEO DINH HUONG TfCH HDP GOlO
O PGS TS NGUYEN V A N K H C I "
C6c ca %d ddo igo (DT) gl6o vidn, c6c trudng
su phgm dang phdl dd'l m$t v61 nhidu ihdch
thue, mdu ihuSn: Mdu thufin glOa trinh d$
d6u vdo (dl^m hjy^n sinh h6ng ndm} n g d / m$t
ihtfp so vdl / 6 u cdu d6u ra vd dp li/c nghd nghlip
cOo xd h$l vdl nghd gido vl6n; mdu thudn glQc
/ 6 u cdu, n$l dung cua khoa hgc gido di/c hl$n
dgl vdl kl^u tu duy tddt\ bl^l trong cdc phuang
thue, chifong Mnh vd gido trinh DT hl^n nay; s6
ca sd gido dvc DT gido vlgn khdng thl^u so vdl
nhu cau (1), nhung chd't lugng DT vd svphu hgp
vd CO c^u d$l ngu gido vign so vdl thi/c td cdn
duoc xem xet
Bd GD-DT dd ban hdnh Chuong trinh Phdt triin
ngdnh su pham vd cdc trudng su phgm h> ndm
2011-2020 [2), h-ong dd 7 dd dn thd hi0n khd
ddy du vd rd quydt tdm cOa Ngdnh h-ong thi/c
hi|n chu h-uong d^l mdl cdn bdn vd h}dn dl$n
gido di^c Vl^t Nam Bdl vidt tgp trung vdo nghlgn
cuu, d^l mdl hoy phdt trldn chuong h'inh ddo hpo
(CTDT) dgl hgc (DH) khd'l ngdnh su phgm kTthudt
(SPKT) d nude ta hi$n nay
1 Gy sd If ludn vd tni/c nSn cOa vi$c phdt
h-l^n CTDT DH theo dinh hudng tfch h<;rp C D I O
IfCasdll ludn
a) Cosd cua tiip cdn CDIO trang phdt triin
CTDTDH Tldp cdn CDIO [Conceive- hinh thdnh
y tudng Design - thldt kd, lmplem&)t- h'idn khai,
Operate - vdn hdnh) duge hlnh ihdnh trSn co sd
phdn Kch vdng ddl sdn phdm hay chu ki sdn phdm
(cdc thudt ngi} ndy duge su di^ng nhldu h-ong cdc
trnh vi/e qudn li cdng ngh§ vd markehng)
Ddc dldm cOa cdc glol dogn trong vdng ddl
sdn phd'm gdm: + Phdt triin sdn phd'm: Ddu tu
td'n k6m, ehuo thu Igl ngay duge lgi ti>c, bj thua
16; + Tung ra thf trudng (thdm nhgp): Lugng
tidu thv ^^^P' 9l<^ thdnh cao, khdng node rd't ft
tinh cgnh tranh, b| thua 15; + Tdng trudng (phdt
h-ldn, gla tdng): Gldm gid thdnh nhd quy md
sdn xudit ldn, lugng Mu m\f sdn ph^m tdng ddng
kd, thu nhldu Idl, duge bidt d^n nhldu, si/ cgnh tronh bdt ddu xud't hl^n vd tgo ngn duoc thj
trudng mdl; + Chin mudl: Chi phf rd't thdp vi
dd cd ch£ di>ng t^t trdn th| trudng vd khdng cdn qudng bd nOo, lugng tidu thv '^n dinh dldm, khde bidt nda nhdn hi^u, (vl mdl nhd sdn xuat cd' tim cdch Idm cho sdn phffm cua minh khdc vdl sdn phd'm ciia cdc d^^l thu, Igl nhudn Idn);
•f Suy tdn: Doanh sd' bdn hdng gidm xud'ng
(do bdo hod nhu cdu) hodc glO ^n djnh, gid bdn, Igl nhudn gldm
Ti> ddc dldm vd vdng ddi sdn phdm hay chu
ki sdng cOo sdn phdm, CDIO dd md td cdc ndng Ivc cuo ngudi kr
su qua nhOng vl^c phdl Idm
(xem hinh 1)
Trong dd:
Ndng li/c hinh thdnh f tudng ( C ) ,
g d m : + St}
m$nh: tO hidu
bld't vd bd'l cdnh eua KT, SV t^t nghlip phdl hinh thdnh y hidng vd: chldn luge kinh doanh, chldn luge KT, nhu cdu khdch hdng, myc hdu, ddl thu cgnh horJi, k^ hogch chuong trinh, ke' hogch kinh doanh; +
Y tudng thiit ki: ydu cdo, chuc ndng, y tudng, edng ngh$, c6u trOc, so dd mdt bdng, c^nh vj ihj
h'udng, lu<it dllu tilt, kd hogch su dvng nhd cung cd'p, cam kdt
Ndng It/c thiit ki{0), gdm: + Thiit kisabd:
phdn b § ydu cdu, ldp md hinh, phdn Kch vd
phdn chlo hd thd'ng, ddc diem glao dl^n; + Thiet kick tiit thldt kd chi tilt, k l l m h'o cdc ydu cdu,
phdn tfch hdng hdc vd Ichdc phyc, phd ehudn thilt kd
tiinh 1 Cdc ndng ^c C D, I, O
•1nNigl|ibfCflrH«"UIW
Trang 2tlit c h i tgo phdn cung, ldp h'inh phdn mdm, cung
ling, thu nghldm ehl hdt, cdi tidn chi h i t ; + Tfch
hgp vd thl) nghiem hd thdng: tich hgp hd thdng,
thu nghiem hd thd'ng, cdt hdn, chung n h ^ n , tdng
tdc dg h'idn khai, giao hdng
N d n g li/c van hdnh [O), gdm: + H5 trgr bdn
hdng vd phdn phd'l, vdn hdnh, vdn chuydn, h6
trg khdch hdng, bdo tri, sua ehua, tdl chd, ndng
cd'p; + Phdt triin: cdl thl$n hd thdng, md rdng
ddng sdn phdm, ddo thdi
Cde ndng Ivc h'dn glOp SV thich ung vd chu
ddng vdl sv blen ddng nhanh ciJa vdng ddl sdn
phdm hoy ehu ki cdng ngh#
b) Ndi dung co bdn cua tlip c^n CDIO D4
cuong CD/O hay CDR Id donh sdch cdc kldn ihuc,
1 ^ vd thdi d d dd dgt chudn mvc thvc hdnh, duge
tdng ket h> cdc danh sdch KN dd duge bld't ddn
vd xem xet Igl bdi cdc chuydn gla trong n h l l u
Irnh vi/c G i d tri ehu yeu eua dd cuong CDIO Id
ung dyng duge vdo nhldu CTDT khdc nhou, duge
xem Id md hinh cho td't ed ede chuong trinh nhdm
rut ra nhung CDR cv the ndo dd vd duge phe
chud'n bdt cdc bSn lidn quon
De cuong ndy ehla CDR thdnh bdn cd'p d d cv
the: I) Kien ihuc vd phuang phdp suy ludn;
2} Cac KN nghe nghiep, KN vd thdi dd ed nhdn;
3) Cde KN giao hep (Idm vlec theo nhdm, truyen
thdng); 4) Hinh thdnh nhgn thue, thldt k l , t r l l n
khai, vdn hdnh trong boi cdnh cua doonh nghidp
vd xd hgi O cd'p do 4, CDR duge md td bdl 71
ndl dung (tuong ung vdi 71 KN ey thd), trong dd
cd 2 2 KN thudc iTnh vuc chuydn mdn KT vdi nhung
chi ddn khd tudng minh, Idm co sd cho vide lya
ehgn de xdy dung CDR cho cdc ngdnh DT ey the
Tu cdc CDR ndy, chung ta phdi xdy dyng mdt
chuong trinh hgc Kch hgp de bdo ddm dgt duge
cdc chudn d d neu Mdt chuang trinh hgc tieh hgp
gdm nhleu mdn hgc lidn hd vdi nhau chdt chd dd
cung cd'p tri thue, K N , thdi dd theo h>ng mue d g
khdc nhau (cdu true chuong trinh); theo thu h/ nhdt
dinh vd h>ng mdn trong chuol thu h/ duge xdc
djnh h> cde CDR cyc b d , de cud'l cung dgt duac
CDR todn cyc cua cd chuong trinh dd ndu
Tliu chudn CDIO xac djnh cdc tinh chdt ddc
trung ci5a mdt CTDT, ddng vai h'd hudng d5n vide
cdl cdch, eung Id cdc tidu chudn dOng di kldm
dinh, ddnh gid chuong trinh vd chd't lugng DT
12 Hdu chu^n CDIO d^ edp d i n ddy dO, todn
dldn ede tidu ehf cuo CTDT Kf, khdng chT vd quon
DT (vdl sy thorn gla cua cde ben lidn quan) md
cd nhQng vd'n d l co sd su phgm (hgc tgp vd gidng dgy): + Trilt li chuong h'inh (hdu ehudn 1); + Phdt h-ldn a D T [tidu chudn 2, 3 , 4 ) ; + Kinh nghldm vd khdng glan hgc tdp d l t h i l t k l - t r l l n khai (heu
chud'n 5, d); + Cdc phuong phdp dgy hge (Kdu
chud'n 7, 8); + Phdt trlen gidng vlSn (Hdu chudn
9, 10); + Ddnh gid vd k l l m dinh (tidu ehudn 1 1 , 12) M$t h'ong nhung sdn phdm cOa tidu chudn CDIO Id CTDT, mang ddy du cdc ddc h'ung cOo chuong trinh gido dye hldn dgl: tdp trung vdo ndng lyc; chucmg trinh mang tinh h^ thdng, chlnh t h l vd thdng nhd't; tdp h^jng vdo hogt ddng hge; ehuong
hrinh mang h'nh «md", cho phep phdt h'idn, bd sung
cho phu hgp vdl bdl cdnh, ydu cdu mdl
So sdnh vdl mdt so Hdu chudn thdng dyng,
nhu: tliu chudn AUN (Mgng ludl cdc hvdng DH khu vyc E)dng Nam A), tliu chudn ABET[H^l ddng
Kldm djnh KT vd Cdng nghd cua MT), cho th^y: tidu chudn CDIO todn dl^n hon vd cd hal uu d l l m
ridng Id: cd edu true hgp If han, thihi$n rd hon bdi ednh eua si/ thay ddl vd ed nhiiu ed'p d^ hon tdi ll$u ABET (trong dd dd «dinh nghTa nhung mi/c tiiu cd thi do ludng duoc") (5) c) Ban ehdt cua tlip can CDIO Phdn tfeh ndl
dung cOa tldp cdn CDIO cho thd'y: + Bd'l cdnh KT, cdng nghe hldn dgl (hoy ydu cdu cOa xd hdl) Id
CO sd, h-lIt li cuo phdt trlen CTDT; CDR Id hjydn ngdn v l su mgng vd tdm nhin cuo trudng DH dd'l vdl DT SV; + Tiep can CDIO Id t l l p cdn ddu r a ,
t l l p cdn ndng luc [ndng lue thi/e hlin theo cdch
ndi cua nhieu nhd gido dye Vidt Nam) Trong
dd, eho h-gng cd KN cung vd KN mem; ndn tldp cdn CDIO vua the hldn h i p cdn myc Heu (hep cdn ddu ro) vua the hldn Hep cdn phdt h'lin ddl vdl DT SV; + O D T theo tiep cdn CDIO Id chuong
h-inh mang Knh tich hgp, chO y thich ddng dd'n
Irnh vyc su phgm (hgc tdp frdi nghldm, mdl hvdng hgc tdp); -f Ld tiep cdn the hlen rd rdng t r i l t If gido dye hudng vdo ngudi hgc, gdn vdl cudc song thyc, cd y nghTa xd hdl
Dd cung ehinh Id cdc uu t h l cua t l l p cdn CDIO h-ong phdt trldn O D T bde DH
2) Ca sd tht/c tiin GJud Wnh hinh thdnh vd
phdt h'lin ci3a Hip cdn CDIO bdt ddu Kr bdn h'udng
DH, hgc vidn, den nay dd cd hon 50 hvdng dgl hgc thdnh vidn h-en khdp t h l gldl (cd hon 70 CTDT) tham gla, gdm nhleu ngdnh KT, cung nhu cde ngdnh khdng thuge Ifnh vuc KT
Trang 3tridn chucmg trtnh gido dye Vl^t Nam, theo GS.TS
NguySn L^c (6) • Chuong trinh td ra qud ch$m
ddl mdl d l bdt k|p vdl sy thoy dd'l cua mdl trudng
xd hdl vd gido dye; • Gido vidn phdl tham gla
vdo phdt trldn chuong trinh, chu khdng chi Id
ngudi chuyin tdl cdc ndl dung cua chuong trinh;
- Chucmg trinh phdl phdn dnh duge nhu cdu dja
phuemg, thu hut hgc sinh cung nhu nhOng ngudi
khdc vdo qud trinh phdt trldn chuong trinh
Trudc ndm 2010, cdc trudng DH KT (DH Bdch
khoa Hd Ndl, DH Bdch khoa TP Hd Chi Mlnh) chu
y i u phdt h-lln Q D T theo tidu chudn ABET Hdl thdo
khoa hgc qudc liv4 CD/0(DHQG TP Hd Chi Mlnh,
1 3 - 1 4 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 0 v d t h d n g 8 / 2 0 1 2 ) , nhldu k i t qud
nghidn cuu, thu nghldm qudc t l vd trong nude dd
duoc ehla sd vd thdo ludn Hldn noy, D H Q G TP
Hd Chi Mlnh vd D H Q G Hd Ndl dd vd dong h l l n
khol tht diem cdch hdp cdn ndy h-ong phdt h l l n
chuong h'inh cua mdt sd ngdnh DT tCT (Co khf, Cdng
nghd thdng hn) vd phi Kf (ngdnh Kinh t i d d l ngogi
ciia DH Kinh t l , D H Q G Hd Ndi)
Hl^n noy, d Vi^t Nam, vide h l l n khol vdn dyng
Hd'p can CDIO trong phdt trldn chucmg trinh gido
dye mdl chi Id glol dogn thdm d d , thu nghldm
budc ddu
2 Q u y t r i n h p h d t t r i e n CTDT DH khd'l
ngdnh SPKT theo djnh h u d n g tfch h g p C D I O
Ve tdng thd, quy hinh phdt h-lln CTDT DH khd'l
ngdnh SPKT theo djnh hudng tich hop CDIO ed
the gdm cdc bude: 1) Phdt tridn CDR theo djnh
hudng tich hop CDIO; 2) Phdt hldn chuong Wnh
khung theo djnh hudng tich h m CDIO; 3) Phdt
trien dd cuong mdn hgc iheo dinh hudng tich hgp
CDIO M o l budc trdn h w n g ung vdl tung cdp d d
khdc nhou (vd t d chuc thyc hien): h-udng D H ,
khoo/ngdnh DT, gidng vidn (xem so dS f)
Ket qud thu duge Id b$ chudn kldn thirc, KN
cua CTDT ngdnh SPKT theo djnh hudng tich hgp
CDIO; duge phdn dnh h-ong chuong trinh chi t i l t
hoy E)4 cuong cde mdn hgc h'ong chuong trinh
cuo cdc ngdnh DT
3 M d t s ^ bidn p h d p g d p p h d n e h u y i n g l a o
K^p c d n C D I O cho cdc h v d n g DH k h ^ l n g d n h
SPKT nude to hl$n noy
1) Bl$n phdp v l n n ^ n thi/e: - Khoo (ngdnh
DT) thdnh lgp nhdm nghldn cuu ve ngl dung vd y
nghTa cuo edeh h i p cdn ndy, xdc djnh CDR vd
ede budc phdt h'idn chuong Wnh theo cdch Hdp
cdn CDK); - Nhdm nghldn ci>u thdo ludn vd thdng
Chuin nflng Ivc CDIO
I
Chuin d i u rs hl$n cd cua chuang Irlnh
i
nghlip gido vt6n; chuin d«nh gl« chuong Wnh
1
1} Phil (rt*i chiJn diu ra theo anh ht/dng llch hpp CCTOr -NAng li/c Chuy«n mbn (kitin thiyc KN I h i i d ^ v i chuyAn m&n): • NAng li/c au pham (kiin thu'c, KN, thAr Ott v i gUio
dvc vA doy hQC), - CAc y i u l5 nflng Vc khAc (KN ciing KN mim, )
2) Phil trt4f} chumg Irlnh Ithung iheo ajnh hudng Itch hi?p CDIO
3) Phil triin Oi cuong mdn hqc theo tJjrth hudng llch h^ CDIO
^
SodSl Quy trinh phdt triin CTDT theo djnh hudng tfch hgp CDIO
nhdt vdl H$l ddng khoo hgc vd DT cua Khoo v l CDR vd cdc budc phdt W i n chucmg Wnh theo cdch t l l p cdn CDIO; - Nhdm nghldn cuu td chuc hdl thdo phd bidn, tgp hu^n cho gidng vidn, ddl h/gng lidn quan vd cdc ndl dung hdn vd phdn cdng thyc hl0n
2) Cdc bl^n phdp v l td chdc tht/c hl$n:
Trdn co sd phdn tich, ddl c h l l u vdl myc Hdu mdn hgc hidn hdnh, gidng vidn d y kldn h'ch hgp CDR vdo d l cucmg mdn hgc minh phy frdch;
- Hdl ddng khoo hgc vd DT ddnh gid n ^ l ^ m thu bdng d y klen tich hop CDR vdo d l cuong mdn hgc; - G i d n g vidn xdy d y n g Igi dd cuong mdn hgc tich h^p CDR d y kldn dd duge phd d u y ^ vdo
dd cuong mdn hgc; - Hgl ddng khoo hgc vd OT ddnh g i d , phe duy^t dd cuong mdn hgc Tdm tgl, Hch hgp CDR theo cdch Hip cdn CDIO
- mang tinh tdng qudt hdo cao vd cd thd dp dyng cho CTDT cuo nhleu ngdnh hoy hhh vyc khdc nhau
T l l p cdn CDIO duge khdl ngudn h> phdtfrlln (cdl cdch) cdc CTDT v l KT vd dd duge cdc ca sd gido dye DH dp dyng frong CTDT cdc khdl ngdnh khdc nhau Dldm then ehdt euo CDIO Id d l cuong CDIO, mdt hjydn bo v l CDR eua chucmg trinh vd
b d 12 Hdu chudn C D p , du^c i h l l t k l d l glOp dgt cdc myc tieu d d
V i f c vdn dyng tidp edn CDIO trong phdt h'lin CTDT DH khd'l ngdnh SPKT d nude ta cd tac dyng kdp: - T l l p cdn CDIO hY)ng phdt frldn chuong
(Xem tlip trang 43)
Tap chi filio Juc s6 2 9 8 (to a - n/a>iw
Trang 4dyo vdo sdn pham trinh bdy tren Idp
- Hudng dan SV su dt/ng ede phuong tlin hge
tip TH vdi^sdch gido trinh, tdl llfiu tham khdo sfi
glOp SV tiep can nguon k i l n thue khoa hqc eo
bdn, phong phu, sdu rdng Cdc phuong tifin hlfin
dqi (nhu mdy vl tinh, USB, CD, Internet, phdn m i m
vd cdc t h i l t bj dign tu khdc) glup SV hqc tdp dqt
hlfiu qud cao D d Id cdc phuong tl§n glOp SV thu
thdp, luu tru tu lifiu, trinh bdy vdn b^n, trinh c h l l u
thdng tin, hlnh dnh rd't da d q n g , vdl nguon tu llfiu
phong pho, d d so
GV hudng dan SV su dyng gido trinh, gido
Idioa, tdl llfiu thom khdo vd d y a theo hudng dSn
yfiu cdu cuo mdn hqc md ehqn Iqc k i l n thue co
bdn, tdm t6t, Hm vi dy mlnh hqa, tu ll^u, cdu hdl
d l chud'n bj ndl dung cho bdl hqc trfin Idp SV si>
dyng cdc phuong tffin dl§n ti}, cdc chuong trinh
phdn m i m DH d l khol thdc, x u If cdc k i l n thue
GV hudng ddn SV kT thudt khoi thdc thdng tin
trfin Internet, su d y n g trinh c h i l u PowerpoInt, cdc
phdn m i m khde d l phd'l hqp trinh d l l n ndl dung
bdl hqc
TH Id mdt hoqt ddng ty gidc, ty ldp eua SV
Nhung d l SV t y gidc, ty lap hqe tdp duqc cdn cd
sy djnh hudng, chi dan cuo GV, d l TH trd thdnh
mqt thdi quen, nhu cdu cua SV Sy th£^ng nhdt
trqng glup thyc hlfin cdc bifin phdp bdl dudng ndng lyc TH cho SV Hon nua, edn khol dqy trong
SV tinh thdn, y thue TH; hleu rd sy cdn t h i i t vd ich Iql ciJo TH s i gdp phdn ndng cao k i t qud hqc tdp bdn thdn vd chdt luqng ddo tqo cuo nhd trudng
Tdl H^u tham ktido
1 TrirOTig Th| Bich "Do'i mdi phucrng plifip d^y hgc
trong trudng Jgi hpc - M^t yffu lO' quan tri?ng g6p
phdn v i o dSt mdi cfln bin vk toSn iJif n nfin giSo dye
2 Dinjng Huy Cdn "Bdi duOng nSng li;c ty hpc cho smh vifin nginh su ph^m Hda hpc Tnidng D^i hpc
Ddng ThSp" (Di tdi khoa hpc vd cdng nghfi cdp ca
s&}.20]l
3 D6 Qui "Giing day cfla giing vifin vk ty hpc cua chi Dpy vd hpc ngdy nay Stf 5/2012
SUIvlMARY
Teaching Institutions implement the interaction tDGlween teocNng and learning, between faculty ond students Is a unified operation, dialectical bring prac-tical results for both teaching and learning Teachers learning, self-study to students occupy their knowl-edge, skills and confidence In learning This article comes from the learning status of students Implemen-tation of measures to foster student self-learning ca-pability
Phat trlen cliiitmg trinli dao tao
(Tlip theo trang 34)
trinh giup djnh hudng DT cdc ndng tye cdt loi eho
ngudi hqc; glup ngudi hqc ehO ddng vd thfch
i/ng vdl bdi cdnh thay ddl cua KT - edng nghe;
glup djnh huong DT cdc ndng tye cd't Idi cho gidng
vifin trong vlec hlnh thdnh y tudng, thiet ke, trlen
khai vd vdn hdnh cdc CTDT h'ch hqp
Gidng vlfin bd mdn Id ngudi trye hep dung
Idp vol cdc nhlem vy cy t h l Id: thiet k l , td* chuc,
d l l u k h i l n , h-qng tdi, ddnh gid todn bd cdc bdi
hqc, mdn hqc theo ke hoqch dqy hqc cua nhd
trudng Do d d , gidng vien cd vol trd hdng ddu
ddi vdl chd't luqng vd hifiu qud t r l l n khai cdch
t l l p edn ndy •
{1)B0 GD-DT Kiy/u Hdi nghf todn qudc cdc tnidng
suphpm Hk NOi, 27/8/2011
(2) Bo GD-DT Chuong trinh Phdt triin ngdnh suphgm
vd cdc trudng su ph^mtitndm2011-2020, H 2011
(3) Bo GD-DT Chuong trinh khung gido diic dpi hpc,
ngdnh su ptufm id thudt cdng nghlip, trinh d0 dpi hpc, H 2006
(4) BO GD-DT Quy dinh vi tiiu chudn ddnh gid chdt
lupng chuang trinh gido di^c su phpm kt thudt cdng nghifip trinh di? dpi hpc, H 2011
(5) H6 Tin Nh9t - Dokn Ttij Minti Trinh (djch) C&\
phutmg ph^p tifp can CDIO NXB Dpi hpc qudc gia
TP.HS Chf Minh 2010
(6) BO GD-DT Kiyiu Hdi thdo khoa hpc todn qudc
"Khoa hpc gido dftc Viit Nam ddi mdi vd phdt triin "
H i i Phdng, 2/2011
SUMMARY
On ths ground of unifying Involving concepts and analyzing the theoretic and practical basis of devel-oping higher education programs oriented by the CDIO Integrated approach, the article proposes the process to develop programs for technical teacher training at university level oriented by the CDIO inte-grated approach The proposals are to ensure the
ef^ctlveness of this process at training IrKtitutions