GIAO DUC TRAI NGHIEM 01 SAlil ti NHA TRITttNG PH(i THONG HinfRG Tig''''p Cfin niifi TRORG GIRO RUC TRUV^R THO''''RG O ThS NGUYEN M I N H NGUYST" Trong xu thl hf l nhfp qud''''c l l hifn nay, vdn d l gido dye f[.]
Trang 1GIAO DUC TRAI NGHIEM 01 SAlil ti NHA TRITttNG PH(i THONG
O ThS N G U Y E N M I N H NGUYST"
Trong xu t h l h f l nhfp qud'c l l hifn nay, vdn
d l gido dye fruyin thdng (GDTT) eho t h i h f
frI lufin duqc eol frqng d frufing phd thdng
Phuong thffc tllp c f n GDTT d mfil qudc gla cd
nhffng n i l khdc blfl, song dllm chung nhdt Id
d i u hufing tdi sy Kip nhfn mft cfich tg nhlln,
ehu d f n g , tg nguyfn vd sdng hjo d ngudi hqc
Gido dt/c tdl nghl$m dl sdn (GDTNOS) duqc eol
Id phuong thffc GDTT mong gid frj ihyc Kin cao,
dang duqc khuyln khfch phdt trlln Iql nhllu qudc
gio cd nln gido dye Kin Kin frIn i h l gldl Vift
Nam dd Kip c f n GDTNDS vd budc ddu dqt hifu
qufi Trudc dfiy, n f l hfim cua khfil nlfm GDTT
thudng mong y nghla gido dye ljch sff, gifio dye
chfnh frj D i n nay, quan nlfm nfiy dfi frd nln
«chdt h^p", bdl ngodl y nghTo frSn, GDTT cfin cd
y nghlo «gldo dye dl sdn" (GODS) Ddy Id quan
dllm duqc tdng kit thdng quo nhilu dy dn v l
bdo ldn vd phdl huy cdc gid frj di sdn frong vd
ngodi nude; hodn todn phu hqp vdi cdch ndi theo
thfing If qudc t l hifn nay
Tqi H f l thdo Chucmg trinh GDDS tong nhd
trudng tgl Viit Nam diln ro ngdy 7 / 3 / 2 0 1 2 h?I
Hd N q i , thff frudng Nguyin Vinh H i l n dd nhd'n
mqnh ldm quon frqng vd tfnh ed'p thilt cua vlfe
GDDS frong nhd frudng: «GDDS dd vd dang tffng
budc td thdnh yiu cdu, nhlim vy vd ddng It/c
dd'l vdi cdc tn/dng phd thdng, gdp phdn quan
ifdhg gido di/c kl ndng sd'ng cho hge sinh (HS) vd
ndng cao ehdt lugng gido dt/c todn dl$n d Vl$t
Nam" Theo dfi, nliffng nfim hqe tfii, vdn d l GDDS
frong trudng hqc duqc Bf chu fruong thyc hifn
thf dllm d mft sd trufing phd thfing tqi 10 tfnh
frudc khi phd biln trong todn qud'c
1 Quan n i f m v l di sdn
Theo td chffc UNESCO: Dl sdn (boo gdm di
sdn vdn hda vd dl sdn thiSn nhlln) Id di ehf hoy
dl Kch cuo mqt qudc gia nhu: rffng, day nul, hd,
sa mqc, tda nhd, qudn t h l kiln fruc hay ihdnh
phd Dl sdn cOng cd nghTa Id tdl sdn d l Iql, vft cOa qud khff do cdc nude cd tham gia Cdng u6c
di sdn t h l gldl d l cff cho Chuong frinh qudc l l Dl sdn i h l gldl, duqc cfing n h f n vd qudn If bdl UNESCO iheo Cdng ude dl sdn t h l gldl ' Hifn nay, khfii nifm ndy chua ihyc sylhuytfphtj^
Tqi hdl thdo qudc t l nxmg Hn Re-lbeonorliln^ heritage d l l n ro tqi ihdnh phd Gothenburg fTtivy
D l l n , d / 2 0 1 2 ) , cdc ehuyin gla vd nhd nghUn cffu h> khfip nal frIn t h l gidl dd cd hon 4 0 0 bdl
thuylt trinh, gdp thim cdch nhln mdi vi «lf thuyll
dl sdn" Theo dd, dl sdn khdng cdn duqc c d Id
v f l cOa qud khff, vdl nhffng gid frj vd hlnh thfil vTnh vlln Thay vdo d d , dl sdn Id sdn phdm cOa
thyc tql, duqc tqo ra hdl edm nhfn v l efic gifi
trj cOa qud khff, nhffng mdi quan ldm din vol trd cOo qud khu frong cdc mdl lo toon v l thyc tqi vd h/cmg lal Tllp cdn theo quan nifm ndy glup ede nhd nghlin cffu, dfic bift Id nhffng ngudi ldm edng tac gido dye cd ih^ Kip cfn phuang phdp GDTT eho ngudi hqc mft cddi
r f n g md hon
2 M f l cdch h l l u v l GDTNDS Theo quan nlfm mdi cffa cdc nhd khoa hqc vd
dl sdn: dl sdn d xung quanh dt\ung ta, dO d nol
xa xdl h i o Idnh nhd't, nol ndo cd cfng ddng dfin
cu thl nol dd cd dl sdn, HS sdng ngay frong mdl frudng dl sdn Dd Id ngdl nhd cua cdc em, thi)a rufng, cdc vft dyng canh tac, nhffng mdn fin,
frang phyc fruyin thdng, cdc frl thffc vi 6m thyc,
thdi tilt hay phong h^c t f p qudn,
GDTNDS chfnh Id phuong thffc GDTT tu ihyt
t l djo phuong, gfip phdn glff gin vfi phdl huy nhffng gid fr| tdt d^p cOa dl sdn thiSn nhlln vci vfin hfio Trong GDTNDS cd t h l vfin dyng nhllu phuang phdp dqy hqe Hch cyc, ngudi hqc duqc hqc t f p d nhllu mdl frudng khdc nhau Irxsng mft cho d l Dqy vd hqc kiln h ^ , hqc iheo nhdm, lv
*KlioaTniBCli9CCtfsd-TnriiigCaodiiK«rpMiiHaGi»8
Trang 2GDTNDS cOng cd t h l thye hifn d nhllu hlnh thffc
td chffc dqy hqc khdc nhau, song hlnh thue td
chffc hoqt d f n g ngoql khda hifn nay Id phO hqp
honed
Tdm dilm cOo hoqt d f n g GDTNOS ehfnh Id
vifc khuyln khfch cdc hoqt d f n g frdI nghlfm cOa
HS Thdng qua hoqt d f n g gido dye, HS duqc
cho d ^ g Widm phd, rfen luyfn nhilu kl nfing sdng,
frau ddl frl thue, nhdn cdch
Quy trinh GDTNDS duqc khdl qudt nhu sou:
GV lya ehqn chO d l , ndl dung phO hqp, xfiy
dyng k l hoqch, td ehffe, dfin dfit HS khdm phd
Ktng budc v l di sdn D l hllu v l gid trj, y nghlo
cOo mol dl sdn, HS s l phdl r i n luyfn de quon
sdt, ldm quen vdl cdc phuang phdp nghlin cffu,
thu thap, thdo lufin vd xff If thfing Kn, h/ frinh
bfiy sdn phfi'm nghlin effu cOa minh bfing cdc
hinh thffc nhu thuylt frinh, frlln Ifim, Kiu phfi'm
Cfi nhllu phuong thffc tllp cdn GDTNDS,
tOy hofin cdnh, d l l u k i l n , dd'l tuqng ngudi hqc
khfie nhau md ed cdch t l l p cfin khfic nhou CJ
coc thfinh phfi' ldn, gifio dye d cdc bdo tfing,
di tfeh ljch sff vfin hda Id quon trqng d mlln
nOl, vOng sfiu, vOng xa, nhffng noi khdng gdn
cde di tfch ljch sff, bdo tdng , G V cd t h l khai
thdc tri thffc tff nhllu ngudn khfie nhau: tri thffc
nghl thufit dfin glon, vfin hdo truyin thd'ng,
phong tye tfip qudn, loo ddng son xufi't, dl son
thiln nhlln vfi nhffng kil'n thffc ban djo nhu
rffng nOl vfi sdng sufi'l
3 NguySn ific ehO ylTu khi i h l l l k l vd td
chffc cde hoqt d f n g ngoql khda GDTNDS
1} Cdn Iga chgn klin thi/c bd mdn cho phO
hgp ldm nql dung chfnh vd sff dyng cdc kiln thffc
v l di sdn d l djnh hufing cdc hoqt ddng GDDS
Cdc mdn hqc d nhd frudng d i u cfi t h l thyc hifn
duqc Tuy nhlln, nhffng nql dung gido dye djo
phuong nhu: Uch sff djo phuang, vfin hqc dja
phuong, dja If dja phuong cd i h l thudn lol hon
Trong dd, nql dung Ijch sff djo phuong chllm uu
the hon cd bdl dfic Irung cOa frf thffc Ijch sff vd
nfii dung gido dye b f mdn rdt gdn vdl GDDS:
Dd Id Knh qud khff vd GDTT (GDDS)
2} Ndl dung GDDS khdng can H ^ hdnh Irong
todn bq chuong frinh cua mdn hqc, quo tdt cd
cdc chuong, bdi cy i h l Can ehqn lt;a, xdc djnh
mfit n f i dung cy t h l ed sd frufing, uu t h l frong
vifc GDDS d l thilt k l hoqt d f n g ngoql khda
ngoql khfio vdl dqy hoc tqi thyc dja, cdc cdng tac cdng feh xfi hdl
4) Khdng Idm tdng n f / dung hgc tdp don
din qud tai
5) Thge hlin vifc ddi mdi phuang phdp,
ddl mdl hinh thffc dqy hqc Trdnh Hnh trqng da sfi' cdc frudng chf td chffc cho HS tham quon dl tfch md khdng cho cdc em thom glc hoql dfng frdI nghlfm
d) Khai thdc dl sdn xung quanh trudng hge,
gdn nol trudng ddng D l l u nfiy glup cho efic trudng nhfn difn vfi kllm kS dl sfin xung quonh trudng d l lya ehqn nhffng dl sdn phO hop cho gido dye Vf dy, tql Hd Giong, G V ed t h l khai
thde GDDS trln Cdng vlin dia ehdt todn cdu Cao nguyin dd DSng Vdn, tai bdo tfing, efic dl
Kch, hay khol thde theo chu d l : nhd trinh tudng cOo ngudi Mong, bfi cdng cy tao d f n g cuo ngudi Doo, trong phyc dfin tqc, vfin hfio chq vfi khd nfing tfch hqp GDDS Vifc nghiin cffu, khdo sfit cdc di son quonh trudng nhfim cung cd quon diem: - Di sdn khong xa Iq, khdng phdl lfi cfil gi cao xo md d xung quonh, gdn gOI vdi chOng to; - Dl sfin phi vqt the duqc tfch luy vfi ndm glff bdi con ngudi, h/ nhffng ngudi binh thudng dl'n cdc nghf nhfin, thq thii cfing, nghf sT, ; - Sff dyng bdo tfing, di tich, diem vfin bdo nhu mfit thilt che vfin hoa gdn vdi hqc dudng;
-HS de Kep cfin vdi nhung frl thue tff thyc Kin djo phuong, duqc hqe klen Iqo vfi cd thfii dd tfch cyc dd'i vdi vifc bdo ve vd phdt huy gifi trj
di sfin ngoy frSn dio phuang minh
7) Td chi/c hogt ddng eho HS lfi mqt qud
frinh nhdn thffc vd cOng cd Idin thffc, kT nfing vdi nhllu bude khfie nhou, thoi gian l^fic nhou
4 Djnh hudng thiet k l nql dung GDTNDS thdng qua hoqt ddng ngoql khdo Nhfim phdt huy tinh Kch cyc cOo HS, thyc hifn myc KSu ddl mdi trong dqy hqe hifn noy, quy trinh cOo mfit module GDTNDS edn duqc biSn soqn theo 3 glol doqn:
Gial dogn trudc budi ngogi khda: + GV
vd HS chudn bj nhffng dieu klen cho budi ngoql khdo: Tri ihffc, ca sd vdt chd't, tdm t h l , mdl trudng tfi' chffc hoqt ddng ngoql khda; + Thyc hifn gdn kit di sdn vol bdi hqc Irong sdch gido khoo hofie chuang Irinh hqc cOa HS Cde hoqt ddng ey t h l gom:
Tap chi Glao due s6 2 9 7 (ki i • n/aoiai
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Tl/ SUU ldm cic tu ll^u,
thfing tin liSn quan 66n chu
i34 hQC t^p di/d) Bl/ hudng
d i n cua GV: h i f n vftt, i n h ,
bdl bdo, cAc dOfin vdn
trona sdch,.,
Stiu t&m trdn mQng
H 6 I chuyfn cha m^, anh
Quan
Hdi ngutiN quen, Idng gling
Chu OOno ^ xufit y k i f n
vdl In/dng nhdm vd vffl GV
vd nhOng Ihdc mdc hofc
cdc y tirdng ndy sinh Irong
oud trinh tIm kif m thOng tin
HS l l / ddnh gid, phdn llch
tham gia cdc hoal dfng
trong bu^i ngoQl khfa mft
c&ch tict) cue nhdt
DQC vd nghldn cuu trudc
Idi llfu vd di s i n
Ttilfl kd cu Ihd cdc hoft
dftng gido dgc ciJa thdy vd
trA Iheo chCi dd li/a chQn
Glao bdl t f p cho HS chudn
bj (cf Ihd ihflo cdc vdn dd
hode cdu hdl)
Lifn h f vdl l(hu dl llch, d|a
dldm d i i n ra hoat dfng
nooai Khda
Chudn b| ddy dO didu Kifn
cdn thldt: Thldt b|, co td
v f l ehdl cho chuydn dl
Xem HS mong mudn gl 6
chuydn dl tdl
Nhffng djnh hudng trln trong GDTNDS cung dong duqc cdc nhd GDDS trong vd ngodi nude quan tdm vd bude ddu mong Iql h i f u qud tql md^ sd trudng phd thdng d Hd N f l vd Dfic Ndng Phuemg Ihffc GDTT mdl ndy s l duqc Bf GD-DT frlln khol nhfin r f n g trong nhffng nfim hqe tdl, Q
Glai dogn td chuc hogt d^ng ngogi khda:
HS tg frdi nghifm cOng dl sfin, cfi Hil ghi tqi cdm
nhqn rllng cuo mtnh trong qufi trinh thorn quan
vdi h>ng hiln vfit hofie h>ng nhdm hifn vqt mft
edeh ngfin gqn vdo sd cdm tudng hofc vd cuo
mlnh (kr nfing vilt) Cdc nhdm HS thdo ludn vd
ehio s l vdi nhau cdc thdng Kn, kiln thue mdi vd
cdm xOc cOo mlnh theo nhung vd'n d l md G V
hudng dfin (kTndng thuylt frinh)
Cde hoql ddng diln ra frong gial doqn ndy
tsoo gdm: thom quan frdI nghlfm, choi frd choi,
thdo lufin nhfim,
Gial dogn sau budi ngogi Idida: HS ty trtnh
bdy thu hoqch cuo mlnh Cdc hoqt d f n g cy thl:
•»• HS h/ td chffc frung bdy sdn phdm nhdn ihffc:
ede tu lieu, hifn v f l si/u ldm duqc, cdc sdn phd'm
ihO cdng, cdc bdl thu hoqch, gdn vdl n f l dung
trung bdy vffo duqc xem (kr nfing frung bdy);
+ G V ehqn ra nhffng l^dl hay nhd't cho HS frinh
bdy frudc ldp {kT nfing thuylt frinh); + Td chffc
thdo luqn, chlo s l glffo cdc nhdm trong ldp v l
nhffng thdng tin thu duqc frudc vd frong qud frinh
dl thfim dl sdn So sdnh, llSn hf, ddnh gid cdc
ngudn thdng Kn khde nhou (kT ndng thdo lufin,
tdng hqp, phdn Kch thfing tin; thai do ehla s l vdl
cdng ddng); + Mol HS h/ vllt thu hoqch, edm
nhdn rieng cuo mlnh (kT ndng vilt)
Tiki ll(u tham k h i o
1 Nhidu t^c giJi Mft stf chuyfin dd phmmg phfip dfy
hflc Itch sff NXB £>(ii hpc qu&c gla Hd Ndi, 2002
2 Nguygn Vfln Huy Quy trinh gifio dye trfil nghifm
dl sAn trong nh& tnnhig Trung lAm Nghifin cihi &
Phdt huy gifi tr| di s i n vdn hda (CCH)
3 Ph^m Minh Hfic, G6p p h l n ddl miH tuduy gifio
dye NXB C/dod{Jc, H 1991
4 "Thf h$ vi c&n duqc gido due v l vdn hda di sSn", Bdo Ddn tri online, ngfly 19/S/2011
5 "Gifio dye di s&n trong nhfi irudng l?i Vift Nam",
Bdo dtfntik Odng Cdng sdn ViftNam ngfiy 7/3/2012
6 World herriiage in young hands, http://
www.unesco.org
SUMMARY
Heritage experience educatkxi is considered the traditional mode of education oftd^practicat value
Is being encouraged to develop in many countries having advanced educatton In tie v/orid <x)d also
tieing accessible and bringing fkst step effectiveness
In Vietnam The article mentioned a numtjer of key riciJar acttvttles of tierttoge experience educatton and also oriented heritage experience educationc^ con-tent design through extra-curricular activities
THONG BAO
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dat mua thiuan tien tai cac buu cue dja
phuong (Ma s d C I 9 2 ) tioac dat mua
tnjc tiep tai Toa scan (so iLrcmg t<^) ^^^
dia dli: TAP CHI GIAO DUC, 4 Trinh Hokl Dut, quAn Dong Da, HA Ngl
Kinh moi ban doc cac don vj glao
due, truemg hoc tiep tuc dat mua Tap chi Glao due, Mol lien he xin gui ve
dia chi tren hoac lien lac qua so dien thoai: 04.37345363; Fax: 04.37345363 Xin tran trong cam on
TAP C H i G I A O DUC
Tap chi Glao due %6 2 9 7 (ki i • n/aoi^