MOT SH CACH THirC Td CHITC DAY HOC N H O M HIEU QUA TRONG MON TOAN 6 TIEU HOC Q TS, LE THI THU H U O N G ThS V^ V A N H O A N * M^t frong nhOng yfiu cdu quan trqng cua d|nh hudng ddi mdl phuemg phdp d[.]
Trang 1MOT SH CACH THirC Td CHITC DAY HOC N H O M HIEU QUA TRONG MON TOAN 6 TIEU HOC
Q TS, L E THI THU H U O N G - ThS V^ V A N H O A N *
M^t frong nhOng yfiu cdu quan trqng cua d|nh
hudng ddi mdl phuemg phdp dqy hqc mdn
Todn 6 t l l u hqe Id gido vlfin (GV) phdl vdn
dyng llnh hoqt, phdl hgp hl$u qud cdc hlnh thi>e
td chuc dqy hqc khdc nhau: dqy hqc todn ldp,
dqy hqc nhdm, dqy hqc cd nhdn, hoqt d^ng ngoql
khda, trd chcrl frong hqc tdp, Trong d d , td chi>c
dqy hqc nhdm cOng ed t h l duqc tien hdnh theo
n h l l u cd'u true da d q n g , phong phu Dqy hqc
nhdm (cdn gql Id dqy hqe nqp tde) duqc h l l u Id
«mdt hlnh thi/c xd hdl cOa dqy hqc, trong d d hqc
sinh (HS) cua m^t ldp duge chlo thdnh cde nhdm
nhd frong khodng thdi gian gldl hqn, m5l nhdm
h; lye hodn thdnh ede nhl^m vy hqc tdp trfin co sd
phdn cdng vd hqp tdc Idm v l ^ K i t qud Idm v i ^
eua nhdm sou d d duoc frinh bdy vd ddnh gid
frudc frjdn Idp" (1) Bdl v l l t gidl thi^u mqt sd kf
thudt dqy hqc dOng frong thdo ludn nhdm mdn
Todn d Heu hqe
1 Cd'u true V d n g trdn x o a y (Carousel)
HS duqe td chuc tndnh 2 vdng frdn ddng tdm
vd ngdi ddi difin nhau theo cdp d l h;io d i l u kl^n
cho mqt HS cd the troo ddl vdl ede HS khdc frong
nhdm (1)
Cdch thue tidn hdnh: Budc 1: G V chia nhdm,
dat tfin nhdm, yfiu edu HS x i p thdnh 2 vdng frdn
ddng tdm vd ngdi ddl difin nhau theo c^p G V td
ehu'c d^t tfin eno cdc cdp frong nhdm (Gdu vd
Thd; Xanh vd Trdng; ) Bude 2: GV glao nhi^m
vy eho ede edp Budc 3: HS thdo luqn cQp d d l ,
sou mqt thdi glon, G V yfiu cdu m^t vdng frdn
(vdng trdn trong hode v d n g trdn ngodl) glCt
nguyfin vi frf, vdng trdn cdn Iql xoay sang bfin
trdf hodc ben phdl theo nhjp
Vi dt/ minh hga: Sou khi G V dd hlnh thdnh
xong 2 phfip tfnh ddu Hen frong Bdng nhdn 3,
GV td chijc cho HS hoqt d^ng nhdm theo cd'u
trOc Vdng trdn xoay d l hodn thf^n ndt Bdng nhdn
3 Budc 1: Chlo I c ^ thdnh 4 nhdm, mSl nhdm 8
HS; dat tfin (Gdu vd Thd} vd yfiu cdu HS x i p thdnh
2 vdng frdn ddng tdm, ddi d l ^ n nhau theo cijp
#
Budc 2: Glao nhi^m vy cho ti>ng cdp thdo luOn,
mdl cdp Hm k i t qud 2 phfip tfnh: q j p ! : 3 x 3 »
; 3 X 4 = ; Cdp 2; 3 x 5 - ; 3 x 6 - ; C?p 3 : 3 X 7
- ; 3 x 8 - ; Cdp 4 : 3 X 9 - ; 3 X 10 - Budc 3:
HS thdo ludn cdp d d l , sau 2 ph6t, G V yfiu cdu cd djnh vdng trdn frong (nhiJng HS Gdu), vdng frdn ngodl (nhffng HS Thd) dl c h u y i n Idn luqt 1 nhjp,
2 nhjp, 3 nhjp sang phdl
N n u vdy, sou 3 nhjp xoay, tdt cd mqi HS trong Idp d i u tham gla h o q l d d n g vd hlnh thdnh duqc
8 phfip tfnh cdn Iql cOo Bdng nhdn 3 TO dd, GV
tdp hqp tdt cd cdc phfip Knh vd gldi thl^u Bdng nhdn 3 hodn chinh cho HS
2 Ca'u h-uc H d n hiydt (Snov/ ball) Trong cdu fruc Hdn h^ylt, cdc cdp ddi duqc
k i t hqp vdl nhau thdnh cdc nhdm bdn, h> cdc
nhdm bd'n Iqi k i t hgp thdnh cdc nhdm tdm nhdm
thi/e hl^n nhifim vy hqc tdp do G V dua ra Nhd
dd, y k i l n cua m d l cd nhdn cd t h l duge hodn thl^n hon vd th^m chi dl d i n kldn thue mdi HS cung duqc tqo ca hdi rfin luy^n nhi/ng Id" nfing cdn t h i l l khdc bfin cqnh fcr ndng ldng nghe vd chia sfi (2)
Cdc/»rf)i}c//^/idn/i:Bu(Sc / : G V ehla Idp thdnh cdc nhdm tdm, glao nhl#m vy vd t d chiic cho HS
frong mdl nhdm thdo ludn c$p d d l Budc 2: GV
yfiu cdu 2 cdp ddl tqo ihdnh nhdm bdn de chia sfi y k i l n vi>a thu duqc h> c<ip ddi vd thdo ludn vS
m$t vd'n d l t l l p theo md G V gloo Budc 3: GV
yfiu cdu 2 nhdm bd'n k i t hqp Iqo ihdnh nhdm ldm
d l chia sfi y kidn thu duqe ti> nhdm b d n ; thdo ludn v l vdn d l mdl G V glao vd rut ra k i t ludn cudi ciJng
Vi dt/ mlnh hga: D l giOp HS hlnh thdnh Ddu hl$u chia hi't cho 2, d Budc 7, G V chlo Idp
thdnh cdc nhdm tdm v d Id* chi/c cho cdc nhdm thdo ludn c d p ddl tht/c hlfin cdc phfip Hnh frong
phldu hqc t d p : Cdp J: 10 : 2 = ; 21 : 2 = ;
4 8 : 2 = ; Cdp 2: 12 : 2 = ; 5 3 : 2 = ; 29 : 2 = ;
* Klna Gite dpc ti&i bfc, Tnttng IM boc » plipi - (l9i bpc Thai Ngu^
Tap chi Glao due so 2 9 7 (ki i • n/aoia)
Trang 22 = ; 17: 2 = ; 91 : 2 = Budc 2, yfiu cdu 2 c^p
ddl k i t h q p hao thdnh nhdm bd'n d l chlo sfi k i t
qud vd tim hifi'u ddc d i l m eOo nhOng sd chlo
h i t eho 2 Budc 3, yeu cdu 2 nhdm bdn k^t h q p
tqo thdnh nhdm tdm d l chia sfi kfi'l qud thdo
ludn d nhdm bdn vd tdng hqp, rut ra kfi't ludn v l
ddu hffiu chta hfi't cho 2
Vdl cdeh thi>c t d chi>e theo cd'u trOc «Hdn
hjyet" nhu trfin, td't cd HS trong Idp d i u t q mlnh
khdm phd vd rut ra ddu hl^u ehla h i t cho 2 mdt
cdch vung chdc Iren ca sd xem xet ti> n h i l u
frudng hqp khdc nhou: ed chO sd tdn cung khdc
nhau, cd ed cde sd frong phqm vi vd ngodt phqm
vl bdng chia 2 Y k i l n eiia mSi cdp ddl duqc
cOng CO vd hodn thl^n hem qua vl§c k i t hqp vdl
cdp ddl khdc d l tqo thdnh nhdm bd'n V d cudi
cung, y k i l n cua nhdm tdm sou khi duqc tqo
nfin odl hal nhdm bdn cung s3 d d y du hem, khdl
qudt hon
3 Cd'u IrOc Ldp ghfip (Jigsaw)
Phuemg thiic ldm vlfic ciio cdu fruc ndy Id d l
cho moi HS frd thdnh m§t «ehuyfin g i a " frong
llnh Vlfe ndo d d eua chu de vd di hudng d d n ,
cung edp thdng Hn cho cdc thdnh vien cdn lai (2)
Cdeh thtk: tiin hdnh: Budc 1: G V chlo Idp
thdnh cdc nhdm nhd, mSl nhdm duqc xem nhu
mfit bd frd d i o l ghfip hlnh vd ddnh so eho mol
HS frong nhdm ( 1 , 2 , 3, ) Budc 2: Tdl cd cdc
thdnh vifin ed cOng con so ciia cdc nhdm tdp hqp
Iqi tqo thdnh mqt nhdm chuyfin gla Nhdm chuyfin
gio thdo ludn nhifim vy duqc gloo (phO hqp vdi
ndng li/c euo nhdm) Bt/dc 3: HS quay frd Iql
nhdm gdc d l chia sfi nhung gi md nhdm chuyfin
gio dd lim h l l u duoc (3)
Vidt/ minh hga: Di glup HS cung ed, dn tdp
v l Hinh chu nhdt, budc 1, G V ehla Idp thdnh cdc
nhdm bdn (cd 8 nhdm bdn) vd ddnh sd thii t y
cho cdc thdnh vlen frong mSl nhdm ( 1 , 2 , 3, 4)
Budc 2, tdt cd cdc ihdnh vlfin cd cung eon sd
tfip hqp tao thdnh nhdm chuySn gla (cd 4 nhdm
8) d l thdo ludn cdc ndi dung sou: + Nhdm 1:
Nfiu ddc d l l m v l y i u td'eqnh cua hlnh chu nhdt;
+ Nhdm 2: Nfiu ddc d l l m v l y i u t d g d c cua hlnh
ehi; nhdt; + Nhdm 3: Nfiu cdng thiie tfnh dl$n tfch
ciki hinh chi> nhqt; + Nhdm 4 : Nfiu cdng thiic h'nh
chu v! hinh cht; nhdi Budc 3, HS quay frd Iqi
nhdm gdc d l chlo sfi y k i l n
N h u vdy, nhd hoqt ddng hqp tdc theo cdu
tnic l d p ghfip, tdt cd HS trong Idp d i u duqe eOng
Tap chi Slao due so 2 9 7 (fci i • n/aoiai
thue cuo ede em luc ndy khdng cdn Id nhijng «mdnh ghfip" rdi rqc md trd nfin todn difin, h# thdng vd ddy du hon
4 Cd'u fr6c Btf c 6 (Fishbov/I)
HS duqc t d chiic thdnh hal vdng trdn, vdng trdn frong ngdl thdo ludn vdl nhau vd vdng trdn ngodi ngdl quon sdt hoqt ddng ciia vdng trdn frong d l nhdn xfit, b d sung (2)
Cdeh thiJC tidn hdnh: Budc 1: GV chia nhdm,
gioo nhi$m vy Budc 2: Yfiu cdu HS thdo ludn
theo hlnh thiic cdp ddl Trudc khi ihdo ludn, HS phdl q u y l t djnh xem al Id A , at Id B hodc al Id
G d u , a l Id Thd vd vol trd cua tiing n g u d i
Bude 3: G V yfiu cdu HS A (hoy Gdu) - dql di#n
cho C0P dl vdo vdng trdn trong d l frao ddl y
k i l n vdl dql dl#n cOa cdc c0p khde NhCrng HS B (hay Thd) cdn Iql se ngdi bfin ngodi vdng frdn vdl khodng cdch viio du d l quon sdt cdng sq cua mlnh, ddng thdi b d sung giup d d edng sy eOa minh n l u cdn thiet
VI dt/ mlnh hga: De dqy hqe bdl Nhdn vdl sd
ed hai ehu sd, G V duo ra phfip tfnh 15 x 28 =
vd chia Idp thdnh cdc nhdm bdn (cd 8 nhdm bd'n)
Budc 2, G V yfiu cdu HS frong moi nhdm thdo
ludn vdi nhou rfieo hinh thiic cdp ddi trong thdi gian 4 ph6t Trudc khi thdo ludn, mol cdp ddi quyet djnh xem al Id Sdc, al Id Nhim vd quy c^nh nhimg HS Id Sdc se dqi dien eho cdp ddl
eiia minh d l bdo cdo Bude 3, h i t thdi gian thdo
ludn, yfiu cdu ede HS Sde dl vdo vdng frdn phio frong (4 HS}, quay mdt vdo nhau d l chlo sfi y kien Cdc HS Nhfm cdn Iqi (4 HS) se tqo thdnh mdt vdng frdn phfa ngodl, ngdl ngay sou cdc cdng sy cua minh vdi mdl khodng each viio dO
d l quan sdt, ldng nghe ddng thdi b d sung, giup
d d khi edn thiet
Vdl vific td chiic hoqt ddng nhdm theo cd'u fruc Be c d , mdl nhdm (moi b l cd) se dua ra duqc
n h l l u cdeh thye hien phfip h'nh khdc nhou N h d
d d , HS khdng chi nhdn thyc duqe edeh thyc hien nhdn vdi so cd hal chir sd' md cdn duqc rfin luy#n
ky ndng ldng nghe, quon sdt, ehla sfi vd d l l n dqt
mdt so vdn d^ bfin cqnh vt?c ndng cao hlfiu qud
Idm viec hqp tdc trong nhdm
5 Cd'u hrOc C d u v d n g (Rainbow)
HS Idm vlfic theo cdc nhdm rifing bifit, m d i nhdm duqe d ^ t cho mdt mdu rifing - cdc mdu cua C d u v d n g Sou d d , HS duqe yeu cdu tqo thdnh cdc nhdm m d i - nhdm Cdu v d n g md
Trang 3vifin (vdi m d l m d u khde nhou) ti> cdc n h d m
ban d d u (4)
Cdch thik tidn hdnh: Budc /.-GV chlo Idp thdnh
cdc nhdm nhd, m5l nhdm duqc ddt cho mdt mdu
rifing - d d , vdng, xanh, tfm ) Budc 2: Td chiic
eho cdc nhdm (nhdm Xonh, V d n g , Tfm, Dd,, )
t h d o ludn mdt nhl§m vy md G V g l a o eho
Bude 3: Yfiu cdu HS fr?o thdnh nhdm mdl - nhdm
Cdu vdng (mdl nhdm cd 1 thdnh vifin vdl mdl mdu
khdc nhau ti> cdc nhdm ban ddu) Birdc 4 : HS
chia sfi k i l n ihiie tJm duqe h i nhdm ban ddu vdl
cdc thdnh vifin frong nhdm mdl
Vi dt/ minh hga: D l d q y hqc Bdi t0p 2
^ o d n 3 - t.a2) Budc 1, GV chlo Idp thdnh 4
nhdm, ddt Ifin cho cdc nhdm Id Xanh, V d n g , D6,
Tfm Budc 2, td chiic cho cdc nhdm thdo ludn ndl
dung bdl tdp: «T(nh gid trj cuo b l l u thiic": Nhdm
Xanh (421 - 200) x 2 ; 421 - 2 0 0 x 2 ; Nhdm
Vdng 48 X 4 : 2 ; 48 X (4 : 2); Nhdm Dd: 67
-(27 + 10); 67-27+ 10; Nhdm Tim: 9 0 + 9 : 9;
(90 + 9 ) : 9 Budc 3, yfiu cdu ede HS Iqo thdnh
nhdm mdl (mdl nhdm cd 4 thdnh vlfin vdl bdn
mdu khdc nhau: xanh, d d , vdng, tim) d l chlo sfi
k i t qud cOa nhdm mlnh
Thdng qua cdu tnjc ndy, cudi cung, mql HS
frong k ^ d i u hodn thdnh Bdl tdp 2 m^c du chf
phdi ddm nhifim m q l y cOa bdl tdp TO d d , HS
duqc Cling c d v l quy tdc tfnh gid frj b l l u thiie
Cdc cd'u frijc Bd cd, Vdng trdn xoay, Cdu
vSng, Hdn tuyet, Ldp ghip d i u Id nhiJng hlnh
thtic khdc nhou eOa d q y hqc theo nhdm, duqc
t h i l t ldp h i cdc cdp ddl vd phO hqp vdl ddc d l l m
tdm sinh If liia hjdl HS H l u hqc D l vdn d y n g
riidnh cdng cdc cdu true t d chiic nhdm ndy, G V
cdn ndm vung cdch thiic thyc hi§n, ed ndng lyc
Iqp k l hoqch v d t d ehO'c tdt, b i l t phdl h q p llnh
h o q l giOo cdc hlnh thO'c ndl trfin vdl cdc hlnh
thiic t d chiic d q y hqc khdc frong qud frinh d q y
hqc Bfin cqnh d d , bdn thdn HS khi tham gia
v d o qud trinh hqc top theo nhdm cOng cdn cd
h l l u iDlIt, duqc luy^n t d p , tham g l a tfch cyc,
t l l n tcrt thdng thqo v l cdc cdch thiic te ehiie nhdm
de h i d d ndng cao hl^u qud vd ehdl lut?ng d q y
vd hqe •
nhdm gdp phdn ndng cao hifu qud dgy vd hgc mdn Todn Luftn in Mn sT, Vifn Khoa hpc giSo dye Vi$t
Nam 2012
(3) David V P - Michael J T Jigsaw Classroom Ball State University, 2009
(4) Sylvia McNamara - Gill Moreton Understanding Differentiation: A teacher's Guide David Fulton Publishers, London, 1997
SUMMARY
Group Learning is one of the effective and appro-priate organizing forms for teaching and learning' mathematics at primary school That form can tie some concepts and how to conduct grouping iecvry Ing through specific examp^s wNch maybe cvvted
to teaching and learning mathematics process at primary sctiool
Ren luyen kT nang suy luan
(Tidp theo trang 48)
d y n g nhiing Hin d l k i l n thiic d d cd d l xdy dyng
vd h/ c h l l m trnh k i l n ihiic ihiic mdl d muc dg
tdng hcTp, khdl qudt hod cao hon Q
(1) NguySn VSn CirbTig MOt stf vtfn dfi chung vfi d l l
mdl phmmg phdp d^y hpc d trudng trung hpc p h i
thdng Dy kn giSo dpc trung hpc phd thOng, 2010
TAi li^u tham k h i o
1 Nguyfin Thanh D?t (tdng chfl bifin) - Mi(im Van U p (chii biftn) - Trin Dp Chi - Trjnh Nguyfin Giao - Ph^m
van Ty Sinh hpc 10 NXB Gido d(tc H.2008
2 Vucmg T^t D^t Logic bpc d^l cuimg NXB Dgi hr/c
^utJcgia, H.2008
3 Nguyfin NhuH&i G U o trinh Logic hpc d^icimiig
NXB GidodifC ViftNam, H 2011
4 Nguyfin Quang Vinh (ting chQ bifin) - Ho^ng Thj SJin (chiJ bifin) - Nguyfin Phuong Nga - Trinh Thj Bich
Ngpe Sinh hpc 6 NXB Gido d\tc Vift Nam, H 2011
5 VQ Vftn Vy (tdng chii bifin) - Va Diic Luu (ddng chii
bifin) - Nguyfin NhirHifin (ddng chii bifin) - TrAn V&n
Kifin - Nguyfin Duy Minh - NguySn Quang Vinh Sinh
hpc 11 n&ngcao NXB Gidod{ic ViftNam, H.2010
SUMMARY
Thinking skills training have an Importaint role fri teaching, learning to operate efectively student to draw more Information from the Information that is to
be inferred, linking Inferences with students to
tirain-stormc^waysusetheprerr^espriorknowledgetobiMd and occupy themselves at the level ofnewsynthetto, higher generalized self-knovriedge capture worir en-graved, bng memory
Tap chi Glao due s6 2 9 7 (ki i • n/aoia)