e iAO DVC Ntf6C NGOAl CHUfdNG TRINH UCH SJK PHO THONG d CONG HOA PHAP VA KHA NANG VAN DUNG CUA VIET NAM O TS NGUYEN V A N NINH* MSi mdl chucmg frinh gido dpc ndi chung, chucmg frinh lich su phd ihdng[.]
Trang 1CHUfdNG TRINH UCH SJK PHO THONG d CONG HOA PHAP
VA KHA NANG VAN DUNG CUA VIET NAM
O TS N G U Y E N V A N N I N H *
MSi mdl chucmg frinh gido dpc ndi chung,
chucmg frinh lich su phd ihdng (LSPT) ndl
ridng cd «fud7 rfip'frong mdt khodng thdl
glan nhd't djnh, dao d^ng ti) 1 0 - 1 5 ndm
Chuong trtnh LSPT hi|n hdnh cOo Vl0t Nam
duqc trtin khai dql frd ti> ndm hgc 2 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 3 ,
cUn nay dd 10 ndm Dd Id khodng thdi gian
d n thill phdl xem xdt Iql d l tlln hdnh ddl mdi
chuong frinh LSPT mdt cdch tdng t h l han trdn
casd ci3a thpc l i i n Vi$l N a m vd tid'p thu nhung
dilm tiln bd d m$t sd' qud'c gia phdt friln trdn
thl gidi Phdp Id qud'c gia phdl frlln vd ed
m|t nln gido dpc tidn tiln trdn t h l gldl Nghldn
ciiu ehuong frinh LSPT cOo Phdp phpc vy cho
vi§c dd'l mdl chucmg trinh LSPT cua Vidt Nam
hi$n nay Id vl|e Idm ed "jr nghTa khoo hqc vd
thpc tiln sdu sde
1 Chuong frinh LSPT C$ng hda Phdp
1} M^t chucmg trinh chud'n, nhliu bd
sdch gido khoa (SGK) 6 Cdng hda Phdp chi
cd m$l chuong trinh chudn qudc gia nhung cd
nhllu bd SGK khde nhou Chuong trtnh ehudn
do B$ Gido dye qud'c gla ban hdnh Ti> ndm
1989, Oy ban qud'c gla ve Chuang trinh
(Conseil National des Programmes - CNP) ddm
nhl|m frqng frdch soqn ihdo chucmg trtnh CNP
t$p hqp gido vidn (GV) vd chuydn gia d nhilu
chiic vy vd vj trf khdc nhau (gdm: 1 G V tilu
hpc, 5 G V trung hqc, 10 gido su dqi hqc, 4
Thanh Ira B$ gido dpc, 2 nghidn cuu vidn ciio
Trung ldm qud'c gla Nghidn ei>u khoa hqc) CNP
sS td ch(ic cdc nhdm chuydn gia d l bidn soqn
chuang frinh nhi/ng mdn hgc, cung cd'p d{nh
nghTa tdng quan cda mpc lldu gido dpc eho Id'l
cd cdc Idp, khdi 10- mau gido d i n dqi hqc; cho
f kiln v l ihdnh phdn cde nhdm chuydn gia cd
Tap chi GI^O duc s6 2 9 7 tfct i - n/aoia)
trdch nhi§m bidn soqn chuong trinh cung nhu kit qud Idm vi^c cua nhdm Sou khi duqc thdnh ldp, nhdm cdc chuydn gia bidn soqn chuong trinh cp t h l cdc mdn hgc se d^ trtnh Idn CNP vd Hdi ddng td'l coo Gido dpc (1) vd Bd frudng
d l duqc In trong Cdng bdo
2) Chuang trinh gido dtfc phd thdng eda Phdp duge thiit ki theo nguyin tdc dgy hgc Hch hgp, ddc bl#t Id cd'p frung hqc eo sd (THCS)
Trong chuong trinh THCS, mon LS - Dja li • Gido
dt^c edng ddn duqc thiet ke trong mqt mdn hgc
Ldn trung hgc phd thfing (THPT), Gido dvc cdng
ddn duqc dqy rieng, LS - Dia /I'vdn duqc thilt k l
thdnh mdt mdn hgc chung
3} Chuang trinh thge hlin phdn ban cd'p THPT Chuong frinh gido due phd thfing cua Phdp
ndi chung, mdn LS ndi rieng duqe thilt k l phdn
ban d cd'p THPT, gom 4 ban: ban chung, ban kT
thudt, ban nghi nghiep vd ban bd tue Mdi ban
Iql duqc thiet k l theo nhilu phdn ban nhd, nhu:
phdn ban Jc/)oa hgc tg nhlin, phdn ban khoa hge Idnh tivd xd hgl hay phdn ban khoa hgc xd h^l
Nhu vdy, chuong frinh phfin ban cdp THPT cua Phdp tuong dd'l ehl tilt vd tqo nhleu co hdl Ipo chgn cho hqe sinh (HS) d mql dd'l h/qng, t h l hidn
rd net sp dinh hudng nghl nghidp cho the he trd Sou khi tdt nghiep cd'p THPT (BAC), phdn kSn HS Hep h/c chuong frinh ddo frio d nhung bde hgc eao hon, sd cdn Iqi bd sung vdo thi trudng lao dqng cOa Phdp Chinh chuong frinh ji^dn ban ndy tqo ro sp cdn ddl frong ihi frudng lao dgng
cua x5 hdi Phdp, vira ddo tqo mgt ddi ngu loo
ddng phd ihdng cd lay nghl, vOa ddo Igo duqc ddi ngO fri ihiic cd frinh do coo
* Mwa Ifcli sir - TntUng Bta fafc stf ph^n Ha N(i
Trang 2nguyin tdc ddng tdm ki't hgp vdl dudng
thdng (ehuong trinh LSPT cua Vi§t N a m hi|n
nay cOng duqe thill k l thoo nguydn tdc ndy)
Bdn chd't cua nguydn tdc ndy t h l hi|n d ch5 cd'u
tgo ede khda trinh cd n^l dung gid'ng nhau trong
chuang tinh eua hal cdp trung hgc, sg khde nhau
gido hai khda trinh thihl$n d trinh d^ klin tht/c
- tht/dng duge phdn bi^t bdng khd'l It/gng klin
tht/e eung cd'p eho mdl cd'p vd chi khdc nhau vi
trinh dd (2) Mdt trong nhiJng hqn e h l Idn cuo
nguydn tdc ndl trdn Id sp trung ldp n$i dung
kiln thiic d hal cdp hqc phd thdng D l khdc phyc
hqn c h i ndy, trdn ca sd dqy hge LS theo chO d l ,
chuang trinh LSPT cua Phdp dd Ipa ehgn nhOng
ehu d l khdc nhau d hal cdp hqc phd thdng Bl^n
phdp ndy dd tt nhilu khdc phpc duqe sp trOng
lop kiln thiic, do dd khdng gfiy nhdm chdn cho
HS VI dy, kht dgy v l LS thi gidi thdl Trung dgl
(Ldp 7 - THCS vd Ldp 10 - THPT), nhQng n$i
dung LS duqc Ipa chgn nhu sou:
L6p 7 - THCS
Chu (54 TAy Au thdl phong kldn, tCi
thfi kl X afin thfi ki XV
Chuong 1: N6ng nfl vft Iflnh chOa
Chuong 11: Chfi cl$ phong kifin:
nhOng OuAc vuung vd nhiTng chfnh
phu ddu tidn
Chuang III: Vai tr6 cua nhd thd Thidn
chua gido
Chuong IV' Sp bdnh tnflJng ban ddu
cua phuOTifl Tdy
Ldp 10•THPT
Ngodl viec Ipa ehqn nhung nqi dung kiln thue
khdc nhau thi miic d$ nh$n thiic sdu sdc LS cOng
cd sp khdc bi§t gluo hoi edp hqc O THCS, chu
frqng nhieu d i n cdc sp kidn LS cp t h l ; cdn dTHPT,
Iqi chu frqng d i n frinh dq khdl qudt vd chilu sdu
kiln thiic
5) Md'l quan b$ glua LS thi gldl vd LS ddn
ti^e LS lodi ngudi Id qud frinh thd'ng nhd'l vd mdl
ddn tdc d i u cd nhung ddng gdp nhd't dinh frong
tiln frinh phdt friln cuo LS nhdn loql Vi t h l ,
chuong frinh LSPT cdn cung edp eho HS nhCfrig
kiln thiie co bdn v l LS ddn lgc vd LS t h l gidi
Vi^c cdu tqo chucmg frinh LS ddn tdc vd LS
t h l gidl cd nhilu hinh ihiie khdc nhou: - HS l i l p
edn LS t h l gldl Id ehu y i u , LS ddn tde duqc gidng
dqy it d l bd sung cho LS t h l gidi; - HS tllp c^n
gidi cd Ildn quan d i n LS ddn Idc; - HS tllp cdn
LS ddn l$c vd LS t h l gldi Ddy Id hal khda frinh d$c l$p nhung bd sung cho nhou vd thdng thudng
LS t h l gidl duqc gidi thi^u Irudc LS ddn l$c
H l | n nay, chuong frinh LSPT ciJo V i | t Nam duqc
thilt k l theo hinh thiic ndy; vd d Phdp, hal khda
trtnh ndy cOng duqc gidng dqy song song vdi nhau Tuy nhidn, d i l m khdc bl^t so vdi ehuong trtnh LS cua Vidt Nam hi$n hdnh duqc t h l hl|n
d chd: LS t h l gidi vd LS Phdp khdng tdch bi$t
thdnh hal phdn khdc nhou md duqc kit hqp frong nhQng thdl ki LS cp t h l cOng nhu chu d l
nhd't d{nh Vf dp, chuong trtnh LSLdpS, khi dgy
v l ehu d l : *Chdu Au vd thi gidl thikiXVIir
Phdn LS chdu Au duqc trinh bdy cdc n$l dung:
Chdu Au trong bd'l cdnh LS thi gldl ddu thik! XVIII; Chdu Au thi kl Khai sdng; Nin kinh ti hdng hda vd qud trinh budn bdn nd 1$ da den,
cdn LS Phdp vdl n$i dung: Nhdng khd Ididn cOa
chid^ phong klin Phdp thdl vua Luis XVL Hay
chuong trinh LS Ldp W, ban
ehung, khi dqy v l chii d l : «Cdc/i
mong, Gldl phdng, Ddn / ^ W c u d /
thi ki XVIII din g/iTo thi ki XIX"
LS Phdp vd LS chdu Au duqc dgy Idng ghdp vdo nhau vdl n^l dung:
«Cdch mgng Phdp, Phong trdo gldl phdng vd sg ra ddl ede ddn t^e - qudc gla d Phdp vd chdu Au tt>ndm 1804 din ndm 1815
N h u vdy, cd t h l thd'y, chuang trinh LSPT ciia Phdp khdng cd sp trdng ldp glQa
LS t h l gidl vd LS ddn l$c nhung vdn ddm bdo cung cd'p cho HS k i l n thtic eo bdn nhdt cOa LS nhdn loqi cOng nhu LS ddn t$c Ddy cung Id m$t gqi y cho cdc nhd qudn Ii gido dpc, nhd khoa hqc vd gido dpc LS Vi^t Nam frong qud trtnh td ehue bidn soqn chucmg trinh LSPT trong Ihdl gian ldi
2 Khd nfing vQn dpng chuong frinh LSPT cua Phdp vdo V i $ l N a m
Chuong frinh gido dpc phd thdng ndi chung, chucmg frinh LSPT cOa Phdp ndl ridng duqc
bidn soqn iheo tinh thdn trt/dng hge khdng nin
tgo ra jr kli'n eho HS md cung ed'p cho HS nhdng cdng eg tri tu$ cdn thii't di hliu thi gidl
md HS sdng (3) Vdi tinh ihdn Irdn vd qua tim
Tap chi Glao due s6 2 9 7 (in i • n/aoia)
Chu dd: Xd hfli vd v&n hda chdu
Au thdi Tmng d^l Chuong 1: D90 CO dfic thdl Tnjng d9i(tLrthdkiXlddnthdkIXIIl) Chuong II' xa hfli vd vdn hda nflng thfln (tilr thd kl XI ddn thd ki Xlll) Chuong III Xd hfll vd vdn hda thdnh th| (tiir thfi kl Xl dfin thd kl Xlll)
Trang 3chung ldl d l xud't m^l sd n$i dung lidn quan
din vl^c blln soqn chucmg frinh LSPT trong ihdl
gian tdl nhu sou:
1) Blin sogn mdt chuang trinh chud'n
qudc gla vdl nhlSu bd SGK khdc nhau Dfiy
Id vdn d l mdi dd'i vdi Vl^l N a m nhung Iqi Id
vdn d l phd b i l n d nhilu nude trdn t h l gldl,
hY}ng dd cd Phdp B$ GD-DT sd Id dem vi chi)
qudn hudng d S n , chi dqo v l | c bidn soqn
chuang frinh; cdc nhd xud't bdn (NXB) Idn, cd
uy tin sd Id nhQng don v| frpc l i l p id ehue bidn
sogn SGK Sou khi bidn soqn xong ede bd SGK,
B$ GD-DT sd ihdm djnh ehfi'l luqng vd ra quylt
^nh cudi cOng b$ SGK ndo s8 duqc Ipa chgn
d l dua vdo dqy d frudng phd ihdng Trong
hodn cdnh thpc t l ci)a V l | t N a m h i | n noy, ddy
Id vi|c Idm khdng dem gidn vd s9 gdp nhilu
khd khdn VI v^y, frudc khi duo ro q u y l l djnh,
chiing to cdn trd Idi ihdo ddng nhOng edu hdl:
Nhilu bd SGK Id bao nhidu (hof, ba hay bd'n
b$ SGK)?; N l u NXB Id don v\ td chiie bidn soqn
SGK, dd Id nhQng NXB ndo?; Cd cdn thill phdl
t l chiic dd'u thdu glQa cdc NXB?; Mdt NXB,
d$c bi^t Id nhQng NXB Idn, uy lin vd ed nhilu
kinh nghl|m frong vl^c bidn tdp SGK (nhu NXB
Gido dpc Vl$t Nam) ihi ed t h l id chiic nhilu
b | SGK khde nhau vdl d$l ngu tdc gid khdc
nhau?; Al Id ngudi Irpc tllp Ipa ehqn bd SGK
d l dqy eho HS (cdc Sd GD-DT, Ban gidm hieu
nhd frudng, G V bd mdn?); Php huynh vd HS cd
quyin gl frong v l | c chgn SGK?; Ai sd Id ngudi
mua SGK, php huynh HS (tfieo cdeh truyin
Ihd'ng) hay nhd frudng s5 mua vd cho HS muqn
(cull nfim frd Iql thu v i | n nhd Irudng - theo md
hinh Cdng hda Phdp)?
2) Nin flip Ivc ihgc hl$n phdn ban cdp
THPT Dpa frSn nhung kinh nghl$m ci3a Phdp
(vd mdt sd qude gla khde) ddng thdl, rOl kinh
nghidm qua qud frinh ihpc hi|n phdn ban ed'p
THPT frong thdl glan qua, chiing ta ndn xem xdt
cp thIvd ehi l l l l hon v l hlnh ihiic vd cdch thiie
|hpc hl^n phdn ban
, 3} Nin ihlit ki ibeo nguyin tdc ddng ldm
kit hgp vdl dudng ihdng (nhu frvdc dfiy) D l
^ n chi sp frOng k?p kiln thiic giOa THCS vd THPT,
liSn dqy hqc iheo chO d l LS gidng kinh nghiSm
C$ng hda Phdp
Tap chi Glao due s6 2 9 7 on i • n/aon)
ddn /dc, nen Idng ghdp vdo nhou, khdng tdch
bl$t thdnh hai phdn dde tdp d l frdnh sp frOng ldp, gdy nhdm chdn cho HS vd hqn c h i sp sdng
tqo cua GV Vi dp, khi dqy v l Con ngudi thdl
nguyin thOy, sou khi dqy v l NguSn gdc lodl ngudi
vd ddl sdng cx>n ngudi thdl nguyin rfnJx(phdn LS
t h l gidi), chung la sd dqy ludn n$i dung ndy ciia
LS Vi§t Nam Hoy khi clqy v l Cdc qudc gla cd
dgl, sou khi dqy bdl Cdc qudc gla cddgl phuang Ddng vd pht/ang Tdy cd dgl s3 Idng ghdp ludn
Nhd nude Vdn Lang - Au Lgc, Chdm pa vd PhO
Nam Clio phdn LS ddn t ^ Thill k l nhu v$y, s3
vi>a rut ngdn duqc thdi gian, khdng bj l^p Iql kiln thiic, hon nQa HS sS cd cdi nhin tdng quan hem khi so sdnh duqc giua LS t h l gidi vd LS ciia dfin tdc
V l ^ bidn soqn chuong frinh LSPT cOa Vi#l Nam
Id rdt quan frgng vd cdn thidt Trong thdl glon tdi, chung ta cdn nghien cQu kT ludng dilu kl^n thpc t l ddl nude vd nhung kinh nghidm ciia cdc nude tidn tlln cd nln gido dye phdt friln trdn t h l gldi Tim hllu vd nghldn cuu chuong frinh LSPT cua Phdp, mdt frong nhung qude gla cd nln gido dpc Hdn tiln nhdt thigldl, cung khdng ndm ngodi mpc dich frdn Q
(1) HOi ddng ttfi cao gido dye (CSE) vdi 97 thdnh vien, gdm cdc d^i difn Id gido vidn ph6 IhOng, nghidn cihi vidn - gidng vifin d^i hpc, cha m? hpc sinh, hpc sinh, sinh viCn, d^i di^n cdc t6 chuc
(2) Phan Ngpe Lidn (chu biftn) Trjnh Dinh Tiing -NguySn Thj COi P h m m g p M p d^y hpc L|ch s*, t9pI.NXBD<ii/i(»cstfpft(im,H.2002,tr 108 (3) D6 Xudn HOi Chuong trinh vd sfich gido Ichoa ciSa Phdp vJn dpng vdo thpc tiSn Viftt Nam Ki ytfu HOi thdo "Sdch gido kJioa thtf ki XXI: kinh nghifm thtf
gidt, thpc tiSn Vi?t Nam" Ban Tuyin gido Trung irong
vd NXB Gido d^c, H 2012, ir 57
»JMMARY
Innovation In curriculum and textbook is ttie the most important and central section In educational innovation process Understanding and studying ttie high school curriculum In History ofRepullc of France, one of ttie countries has the most advanced educa-tion in the vforid will help Vietnam gain necessary experiences in comf^ling high scdiooi curricdum in His-tory next time