SSOUNGBAITAPGIAD OUCHflCTHEOTlHiCAN DAYHOC GIAI QUYET VAN 6i & TRUONG OAI HOC Q ThS H 6 THj D U N G '''' 1 Dqy hqc gldl quyl t vdn d l (DHGQVD) Id mdt k i lu dqy hqc (DH), trong dd gidng vlgn (GV) tqo ra[.]
Trang 1SSOUNGBAITAPGIAD OUCHflCTHEOTlHiCAN DAYHOC
GIAI QUYET VAN 6i & TRUONG OAI HOC
Q ThS H 6 THj D U N G '
1 Dqy hqc gldl q u y l t vdn d l (DHGQVD) Id
mdt k i l u dqy hqc (DH), trong d d gidng vlgn (GV)
tqo ra hdng loot cdc Hnh budng hqc tdp; duo
sinh vlgn (SV) vdo Hnh hudng cd vdn d l ; kfeh
thfch SV hf gidc, tfch eye, chu ddng sdng tqo,
phfit h i f n vfi gifil q u y l t efic vfi'n d l hqe tdp nhdm
c h l l m iTnh fri thffc mdl, cdch thffc hdnh d f n g mdl,
htnh thfinh nfing lyc sdng h;io, say md nghldn cffu
khoo hqe
Trong DH, bdl tdp (BT) Ifi m f t phuong Hfn quan
frqng, sff dyng BT d l td chffc hoqt d f n g nhdn thffc
cho SV Id ydu cdu bdt budc frong chuong htnh
ddo tqo vd duqc thyc hldn qua cdc hlnh thffc td
chffc DH nhu: ldn Idp, thdo lufin, h/ hqc Qua gldl
BT, SV cfi d l l u kidn t h l nghidm nfing lyc bdn thdn,
ddng thd^, phdt huy tfnh h'ch eye nhdn thffc, ndng
coo chd't luqng GD-OT hong cdc frudng chuydn
nghidp V i vdy, vfin dyng If thuyet DHGQVD frong
xdy dt/ng vd sff dyng BT, tqo ro nhi/ng ttnh hudng
hqc tfip ed vdn d l sd glOp bdl dudng khd nfing tu
duy b g i c , sdng tqo vd thdi ndng coo h/ tin cho SV
H i f n nay, cdc frudng dql hqc (DH) d d Hin
hdnh ehuyen ddl phuang thue ddo tqo h> nign
c h i sang d d o tqo theo hqc c h i Hn chf; chuong
frinh mdn hqc duqc xdy d y n g theo hudng gldm
thdi luqng If thuylt, tfing thdi luqng thdo ludn, h/
hqe cho SV Do vfiy, xfiy d y n g vfi sff dyng h f
thdng BT cd y nghla rd't quon trqng, giup SV chO
d f n g trong hqe Iqp vd rdn n g h l
2 Tim h l l u v l f e sff d y n g BT Gido dt/c hgc
(GDH) n d l c h u n g , BT GDH theo tid'p c d n
DHGQVD ndl ridng d m f t sd trudng DH cOa 3
m l l n (nfim hqc 2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 2 } , g d m : m l l n Bde
(Trudng DHSP Hd N f i i ) , m i i n Trung (Trudng
DHSP - OH H u l , Trudng DH Hdng Dffc), m l l n
N a m (Trudng DHSP TP Hd Chf M l n h , Trudng
DH Sdl Gdn) vdl tfi'ng sd 6 2 G V vd 551 SV,
chOng tdl thu duqc mdt sd k i t qud sou (xem bdng
] v d 2 )
Bdng I Nh^nlhikcOaGVviy nghTa cCiavi$e gldl Bf theo tiip c^n DHGQVD
V n g h r i
K i * thicft S V tich eve t r o r g h(ic
tjlp, hlnh th«nh r h u cAu ( > i l qjfti
c f t c n l i l * m v \ j h o c U i D EH/a SV v i o llnh hu6na D H o )
vdn <3t Mett thlch t i n h 16 m 6 ,
sav cnft khdm chA khoa hoc
H l r ^ i h b n h S 5 V DOng luc
G O V D , ITnh h ^ tri Ihiic mOI Bdl duOng »\i nang p h i t hl«n
vft Q Q V B
P h d l trldn nBng li/c t t l duy Bdng tao cua S V
Phdt Min mdl quan h ^ giOa GV
vd S V , giOfl SVvOI S V Phdt trtdn k l ndng D H hoP l^c
k l n d n g G Q V C , kT n d n g l i i duy
c 6 p h d phdn Huy d $ n g d u o c s i ; ittam gia c d c aide quan cua S V I r o n q G Q V D
B i c
1,00
2.00
3,12
3,96
5,00
6.00
7.00
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2
3
4
5
6
7
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T r u n g
1,00
2.00
3,00
4 0 0
5.00
6,00
7 0 0
8,00
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2
3
4
5
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7
8
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2,00
3.33
433
5,00
6,00
7.33
8,33
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1
2
3
4
5
e
7
8
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2.16
3,1B
4,12
5.15
817
7,17
8,17
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A'
5
6
7
B "
Bdng 2 Nhdn thue cda SVviy nghTa eda vISc qidi BTfheo tlip cdn CQVD
* n O h l B
K.kt\ t\kt\ SV t k ^ cue n n g hgc idp,
hkih Mrt\ rtu lAj^fii quyA c&:
r r t d m v v h o c B o BUB SV vdo Mnh huflng DH c6 vSn
ad, U(t\ ihlcti i l r t i tt m6, say m d
iifidm chd WYia hoc Hinh mdnh d SV DOng luc GQVO, nnh h ( i Iri Ihuc mW Bdl dudng i ( h i ndng phdt N ^ n vft GQVB
Phdl irtdn ndng lyc l u duy sdng i«o cua SV
Pndl Iridn mOi quan hd glOa QV
v d S V
a i O a S V v f l i S V Phdt Iridn kT ndng OH hop l i o , kT
Dhdohdn Huy ddng dUQc s u <ham gia cdc
• i d c Quan cOa SV Irono GOVE)
Bl
2,35
2,90
3,48
3.57
4 , a i
6,70
5,77
7,S0
TB
1
2
3
5
6
y
8
Tmng
1,78
2.47
3,10
4 , «
4,42
6,04
6.23
7,59
m
'
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Mam
3,37
,M
3.55
3,60
3,74
5.04
5,24
6.94
Tfl
•
2
3
5
6
7
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Td
2,43
2,B9
3,36
3,80
4,15
5,65
5,79
7 J 8
TB
1
2
3
4
5
8
7
.t Bdng J vd 2 cho thdy, cd G V vd SV deu cfi sy
thdng nhdt cao v l ^ nghta euo vlfC gifil BT Gl^ theo t\ip cqn DHGQVD, trong dfi cdc ndl dung duq^ sdp x i p theo thff t y nhu sou: 1} Kich ihidh SVtkh
*Khoa Tdm II Giiio dpc - Tnrifng B^i hpc H6nsBi)G
Tap chi Glao due s6 2 9 7 tki i • n/goia)
Trang 2cdc nhiim vt/ hgc ^ p ; 2) Dua SV vdo tinh hudng hdnh rin luy$n cdc kfndng DH vd gido dt/c (3,60);
DH cd vd'n de, kich thich tinh tdmd,st/say mi khdm BT tht/c hdnh cd tfnh chdt li thuyet {3,42).Tuy nhl&n, phd khoa hgc; 3} Hinh thdnh dSVd^ng It/c GQVD, khi nghlSn cffu k i t qud h/ ddnh gifi cuo GV glffo Irnh hdl tri thOc mdl; 4} Bdi dudng khd ndng phdt 3 m l l n , cung cho thd'y cd si/ ch&nh l$ch ddl chut: hlin vd GQVD; 5} Phdt hlen ndng It/c tu duy sdng Dd'l vdl loql BT tht/c hdnh gidi quyit cdc tinh tgo cua SV; 6) Phdt trl&i mdl quan hi giOa GV vd hud'ng gido dt/c fhl GV m l l n Trung vd m l l n Nam
SV, glQa SV vdi SV; 7) Pha triin kfndng DH hgp cd si/ thfi'ng nhfi't vd ddnh gid muc dd sff dyng tde, ki ndng GQVD, kfndng hr duy cd phi phdn; thudng xuy§n coo hon so vdi G V m l l n Bde; cdn 8} Huy t^g duge si/ tham gla cdc gidc quan eija
SV trong GQVD
Gidi BT theo t l l p cdn DHGQVD nhdm kfeh thfch
tfnh Hch ci/c, htnh thfinh nhu cdu gldl q u y l t cdc
nhl?m vy hqc tdp duqc GV vfi SV ddnh gid cd y
nghto nhdt Theo chOng tdl, nhfin chnh trSn Id hofin
todn phu hqp vfil thi/c t i l n , b d l , khi SV gidi xong
mdl BT, ddng nghto vdl viec duo SV dqt d i n mdt
h l l u b i l t mdl, nhdn thffc mdi, Ifim SV t h ^ sung
sudng, thoa man khi duqc Midm phd tri thffc, cfi
hffng tho soy mg nghiin cffu khoo hqc
Ngodi r a , k i t qud thu duqc cung cho thfi'y,
nhdn (^nh eua SV vd G V d cfi 3 m l l n d i u thdng
nhd't coo trong ddnh gid d tung ndl dung; khdng
djnh y nghto cde nql dung tren phu hqp vdt d l l u
kien thue tien trong DH
3 f i m h l l u viSc sff dyng BT trong DH GDH,
chOng tdl t i i p tye d i l u tra G V vd SV d khu vyc
tren vd thu duqc k i t qud nhu sou:
fir tht/c hdnh cd llnh ehdt If thuyit thl GV m l l n
Bde vfi G V m l l n Trung Iql cd sy thdng nhdt vd ddnh gid mffe d d sff dyng thudng xuySn hon G V
m l l n bJom; loqi ST" rin luyin ede kr ndng duqc
GV m i i n Bde dfinh gifi cao hem cd Ngodi ra,
vdl loqi BTlithuyitvd BTtt>thi/etl§n rutracdekit Iu0n suphgm, GV d ed 3 m l l n d i u ddnh gid cd
su dyng trong DH GDH, song mffe d d sff dyng
khdng thudng xuySn; chu y i u nhdm bdl dudng khd nfing ghi nhd, tdl hi^n, ft phdt t r l l n tu duy sdng tqo cOo SV, GV thudng sff dyng Idng gh6p khi gidng bdl mdi hodc gioo BT v l nhfi eho SV t y nghl§n cffu
Ddnh gid cOa SV v l viSc GV sff dyng BT trong
DH GDH, SV cho rdng, cdc BT duqc sff dyng
n h i l u hon cd Id; BT thue hdnh gldi quyit cde tinh hudng gido dt/c (3,34 ); BT tht/e hdnh cd tinh chd't liHiuyi't [3,33); BT tht/e hdnh ren luyin
cdc kfndng DH vd gido dt/c Bdng 3 Ddnh gid cua CV vd SV ^ Sl} dt/ng cdc logi BT GDH frong DH lo ooi N h u v ' i C V *
SV cd sy thfi'ng nhfi't coo trong danh gid mue do sff
d y n g 3 loqi BT tren trong
DH, trong d d SV ddnh g i d
BT tht/c hdnh cd tinh ehdt It thuyet duqc sff d y n g nhieu hon so vdl BT tht/c hdnh rin luyen cdc kfndng Tuy n h l l n ,
sy chenh l§ch v l d i l m trung binh glua 3 loql BT ndy Id
khdng dfing ke
Di sfiu nghign cffu chfi't luqng cac BT, chOng tfii nhfin thfi'y, BT sff dyng trong gid If
thuylt phdn nhleu Id BT tht/e hdnh ed tinh ehdt li thuyit
nhdm cung cdtrl thffc, efic BT
Sdng 3 cho thdy, nhffng BT duqc G V su dyng sdng tqo cdn ft duqc thyc h l l n Ngodi ra, sd S V /
n h i l u hon cd trong DH GDH Id: BT tht/e hdnh gldl 1 Idp trong g i d thdo ludn khd dfing, thudng t r l n
TT
1
2
tu<?ng
GV
SV
C&c JD^i BT
BTIFtfiuyjt
BT thi/c hdnh cd trnh ch4t 1
thuydt
BT tCr thi/c tidn njt ra cdc k6l
ludn s i ; Dham
BT thyc hdnh giSi quydt cdc
tinh hutfnq gido due
BT thi/c hdnh rdn luy^n cdc kT
B i l l thuyfil
BT (hi/c hdnh c6 tfnh chdt If
thuydt
BT tCr thi^c tiSn nit ra cdc kdt
ludn s u pham
BT thyc hdnh g i l l quydt cdc
dnh hu&ng gido due
BT thi/c hdnh rdn luydn cdc kl
ndng
B£c
X 3,30 3,54 3.50 3,60 3,75 3,34 3,37 3,40 3,43 3,32
TB
1
3
2
4
5
2
3
4
5
'
Tmng
X 3,17 3,40 3,22 3,61 3,56 3,15 3,31 3,21 3.33 3.35
TB
1
3
2
5
4
1
3
2
4
5
Nam
X 3,00 3,25 3,50 3,75 3,50 3,25 3,29 3,22 3,25 3,28
TB
1
2
3
5
3
2
5
1
2
4
Tmng binh
X 3,16 3,42 3,40 3,62 3.60 3,24 3.33 3,28 3,34 3,32
TB
1
3
2
5
4
1
4
2
5
3
Trang 3sff d y n g thudng x u y i n Sff d y n g BT theo t l l p cdn DHGQVD trong DH
mfin GDH qua khdo sdt tql mdt sd trudng duqc
hdu h i t G V vd SV ddnh gid mang Iql nhllu y nghto Trong d d , k i t qud ddnh gifi cOa GV tdp trung hon, khfing cd sy c h l n h l ^ h n h l l u trong
d l l m trung binh so vdl SV Bdn chdt qud trinh DH
k i l m sodt k i t qud thdo ludn cOa cdc nhdm vdi
G V cdn g d p n h l l u khd khfin
Di dfinh gifi h l | u qud cOa vi^c sff dyng BT
GDH trong DH, chOng tdi dfi t l l n hdnh d l l u tro
t r l n cdc mffe d d (rdt hl$u qud, khd hl^u qud, (t
hl$u qud, khdng hl$u qudj Sou khi xff If sd ll$u,
k i t qud duqc sdp x i p theo thff ty tff cao d i n thdp
(xem fcdng 4)
Bdng 4 Ddnh gid cOa GV vi hlju qud cOa vl$c sd dt/ng BTGDH trong DH d DH Id hoqt d d n g nhdn lh6c
cOa SV, mang tfnh chdt nghifih cffu nhdm c h l l m tlhh h$ ihdhg tri i h u c khoo h q c , nhffng
phuang phdp vd h f thdng \S'
nfing n g h l n g h l f p V i vdy, xfiy d y n g h f thdng BT cdn
chffo d y n g <ct!nh hudng cd vd'n di", g d n vdl thyc tlln
n g h l nghidp nhdm ndng coo
k i t qud r ^ luyfn Id" ndng n ^ cho gido v l l n tqi cdc trudng
su phqm h i f n noy.Q
Ddnh gid cOa QV v6 hidu qui cua vide
sitdgngBTQDIH
SV hiJng thd hpc tdp vffl mfin hpc hon
SV thCi ddng trong hpc tdp vd rdn
luydn cdc kTndng nghd nahidD,
Phdt tridn tfnh tich ci/c, sdng t^o trong
GQVO cua SV
Phdt trldn kT ndng hpc hpp tdc vd trinh
bdy Wdc tdp ttid
Phdt tridn kT nfing phdt hidn vd GQVO
dSV
T$o nfin mfli trudng hpc tdp tich ci/c
Phdt tiidn kT nfing si> dgng cfing nghd
thfing tin trong l6 chiii: tu hpc, HAa ludn
Ndng cao nhdn thijic, thdi dfi, tinh cdm
vdi nghd nghidp
Bde
X 3,44 3,00 3,29 3,56 3,51 3,47 2,89 3,36
TB
5
2
3
8
7
6
1
4
Trung
X 3,19 3.17 3,28 3,42 3,35 3,33 3,00 3,22
ra
3
2
S
8
7
6
1
4
Nam
X 3,00 2,25 3,30 3,15 3,00 2,86 2,50 2,75
ra
5
/
7
6
S
4
2
3
Tmng binh
X 3,27 2,85 3,30 3,40 3,32 3,27 2,81 3,16
TB
5
2
6
8
7
5
1
3
Kit qud bdng 4 cho thfi'y, sff dyng BT trong
DH GDH dem Iql n h l l u h i f u qufi, trong d d tdp
trung d cdc ndl dung: Phdt tiin Iff ndng hge hgp
tde vd trinh bdy trudc tdp thi (3,40); Phdt triin kf
ndng phdt hlin vd G Q V ' D d S V ( 3 , 3 2 ) ; Phdttrlin
tinh Hch ct/c, sdng tgo h-ong GQVD cOa 5V(3,30);
SV hi/ng rfiff hgc t0p vdl mdn hgc hon, tgo nin
mdl tn/dng hge tap tich ct/c (3,27) So sdnh ddnh
gifi cua G V glua 3 m l l n thl G V m l l n Bde vd G V
m l l n Trung cd sy thdng nhdt cao hon so vdl G V
m l l n h4am
Odl vdl Phdt triin kfndng st} dt/ng edng nghi
thdng tin trong tdchde tt/ hge, G V d 3 m l l n d i u
ddnh gid thd'p hon c d Thyc t l h i f n noy, v i f c
trong bj cde p h u o n g t i f n DH h i f n d q l n h u :
phuang t i f n nghe - nhln (mdy c h l l u phim, d i n
c h l l u , mdy thu hlnh ) vd cdc phuong t i f n d l
thyc h i f n mdl l i l n h f nguqc (mdy klem tra k i l n
t h f f c ) d cdc trudng DH cdn t h i l u n h l l u ; n h l l u
G V edn chua thdnh thqo khi sff dyng cdc phuemg
t i l n DH nfiy, n l n sff d y n g cfing n g h f thdng tin
Tdl )[$u tham khAo
1 Ddng Ttidnh Himg Ctfc If thuydt vd mO lilnh gido di^c
hinhig vdo nguM h^c ff phuong Tfty Vifn tihoa hpc
gido difc Vift Nam, H 2001
2 D9ng Ttiftnti Hung D^y hQC hifn dfi: U Mn •
Bi^n phdp - KI thudt, NXB Dpi hpc qud^cgia,U 2002
3 Denise Ctialmers - Richar Fuller Teaching for
Learning at University Edith Cowan University
Perth, Western Australia 1995
4 Paul Ramsden Learning to Teach in Higher
Education Routledge London 1992
SUMMARY
The nature of the teaching process at the univer-sity is an activity of awareness vtrith the nature of re-search aiming at students'domination of the sciert-professional skills This article studies in-depth and analyses the meaning of the exercise solving Padagogic exercieses in general, approacNng padagogic exercises "Teaching the problem solv-ing, ' In particular, the use of Padagogic exercises and its effectiveness in teaching These results are important fachjc^ t>a^ In orienting researchers in ttie development of the exercise system with prot^em-so/Wng approach in order to foster capacity of crea-tive thinking, professional training for students in teacher training schools today
Tap chi Glao due s6 2 9 7 (iti i - n/aoia)