NGHIEN CUU & UMG DUNG TU UEU TRUYEN THO THAI PHUONG TIEN GIANG DAY PHAN VAN HOC DIA PHUONG KHU VUC TAY BAC Vigt Nam la qude gia cd 54 dan tgc anh em Van hpc Viet Nam khdng chi cau thdnh bdi rieng van[.]
Trang 1TU UEU TRUYEN THO THAI - PHUONG TIEN GIANG DAY PHAN VAN HOC DIA PHUONG KHU VUC TAY BAC
Vigt Nam la qude gia
cd 54 dan tgc anh em
Van hpc Viet Nam
khdng chi cau thdnh bdi rieng
van hgc dan tdc Kinh ma cdn
ed sy gdp mat ciia nhiSu bd
phgn van hpc dan tdc it ngudi
khac nhu Tdy, Thai, Mudng,
Hmdng, Ede Mdt sd phuang
dien cua bg phan van hgc nay
da dugc cac hgc gid quan tdm,
nhung van cd nhiing pham vi
cdn bd ngd, can chii y hon 6
lanh thd Viet Nam, dan tgc
Thai cu tni tien dja ban rgng
ldn, tii khu vue Tay Bac den
Bac mien Trung Dan sd ddng
thii nhi so vdi cac dan tdc it
ngudi khac, vdi chft viet rat
sdm, cdng them be day van
hda, ngudi Thai da ddng gdp
cho van hgc nudc nha nhirng
bdng hoa giau huong sac
Van hpc dja phuong cung
cap cho ngudi hgc nhung dtm
vj kien thiic mang tinh chat bd
sung, phat huy vdn hieu biet,
lam phong phii sang td them
ehuang tiinh chinh khda Tir
do, giiip hgc sinh hieu biet,
hda nhap ban vdi mdi trudng
phan:
1 Vdn tv^ Thdi
Ngdn ngft, van tu la chdt lieu xay cat nen nhftng sang tdc van hgc Theo nha nghien ciiu Tran Tn' Doi thi, cho den nay tren lanh thd Vigt Nam
cd bay dan tdc cd chft viet
CO bao gdm: Kho me, Cham, Lao, Tay, Niing, Dao, Thai [2, tt.212] Qua vgy, cac tu lieu luu gift den nay deu khang djnh: Dan tgc Thai khong chi
cd ngdn ngu ma cdn cd chft viet tu lau ddi Hien tgi, can cii
vao Quam to muang (truyen
ke ban mudng), nha nghien
ciiu dua ra hai y kien ve thdi diim xudt hien vdn tu Thdi
Y kien thii nhat: Xin trich toan dogn nhu sau:
"Then da bo trong qua bau dii thii - cd 330 gidng liia dudi rugng, 330 giong ca dudi nudc; cd ca sach nha mo, nha mgt, sach bdi toan va xem ngay thang " [7, tt.54] Tinh thdi gian hai tgo dan ngudi Thai den dat Tay Bac, tuang lin^ th8 ki thii XI, ngang vdi trieu Li d nudc ta Vay, chu minh dang sdng Nhd hieu Thai ciing cd the xuat hien
bilt dy, the he tee cd y thiic tim trudc the ki XI, each day ca
hieu, gdp phan gin gift, bao ngan nam rdi
vp phat huy nhiing gia tri van Y kien thii hai: Xin tdm
hda, ty hao ve que huang xir luge y kien ciia nha nghien
sd minh Ld mdt thuc the dgc ciiu Cam Trgng nhu sau: An
bipt, van hgc Thdi cd qua trinh
hinh thdnh, vdn ddng, phdt
trien vira ddc lap, dan le vua
la k i t qua tdng hda cdc yeu td
ndi ngoai sinh Tu lieu gdm ba
nha chdu Mudng Mudi ten la
Ld Let sang lam chuc quan ldn
la Xenxa tai Lao, ttong teieu
vua Souvana Khawmphong, khoang t h l ki XIII - XIV Khi
ThS Ngd Thi Phu*giig
Trudng Dgi hgc Tdy Bdc
ldm quan tgi day dng da hgc ldy chft mang ve dgy cho dan Thdi [7, ttl87] Ld Let tiiy chi la thii ITnh cua rieng chau Mudng Muli, nhung lai la thu ITnh ciia ngudi Thdi Den - tdc Thai nam vuong quyen Tay Bac nudc ta Theo mde thdi gian nay nay, chft Thai xuat hien d Vipt Nam khoang the ki XIII, trudc do, chu viet Thai
da luu hanh tai Lao Le duong nhien, hieu theo each nao thi chft Thai ciing xuat hien tten lanh thd Viet Nam kha sdm: Khoang tir the ki XI den the ki XIII, gan vdi thdi gian ra ddi cua chu Ndm dan tpc Kinh
v l mdu tu Thdi Chft Thai
xuat hien tuy gan thdi diem
ra ddi cua chft Ndm nhimg lai khdng gidng vdi dang chft tugng hinh Chu Thai giong mau chft Phan luu hanh rgng rai d An Dp tii khoang the ki thii V - VI sau Cdng nguyen
Saeh Kien vdn tiiu luc (the
ki XV) ciia Le Quy Ddn ghi chep: "Mdt ddi sdng Da, phong tuc gidng ngudi Man, ngudi Lao, con gai cdn d nha thi bd xoa tdc hogc bdi tdc nhgn, da lay chdng thi biii ngugc len dinh ddu; nhan dan khdng nhd ngdy sinh thang de; ngudi chet thi dung phep hda tang; van ty gidng nhu ngudi Lao"[3,tt.355]
Trong cudn Vdn hoa Thdi Vift Nam, nha nghien ciiu
Cam Trgng xdc nhgn: "Tat ca cac mau ty Thai deu ben re
JVgdV nhdn bai 25/9/2012; Ngay duy?t dang 25/12/2012
Trang 2tit chft Phgn, khdng phdi chft
tupmg hinh md Id bg chft ghi
am tilt" [7, tt.362] Nhu v§y,
mau ti^ Thdi "giing ngudi
Ldo", "b^n r l tii chft Phgn",
tiic Id cd ngudn g l c tft An Dd
V l phucmg thirc luu truyen
vd cdeh viSt: Nha nghien ciiu
Tran Trf Ddi cho bill, hipn
nay chft Thdi cd bay cdeh
viet nhung rdt thong nhdt ve
nguyen tdc cdu tgo Bay cdeh
viet dd ciia bay nhdm dja
phucmg bao gdm: Thai Den,
Thai Trdng d Mudng Lay (Lai
Chau), Mudng So (Lai Chdu^,
Mudng Sang, Mudng Tdc
(Scm La), chu ciia hai nhdm
Thdi Den, Thai Trdng d mien
Tay Thanh Hda vd Nghp An,
chft Quy Chdu Cdn phuang
thiJtc luu truyen chu yeu Id viet
bang blit nhgn tten giay dudng
hogc tren la cg
Tren day la nhung net ca
bdn ciia van tu Thai Nhd cd
ngdn ngft vd chft viet rieng,
van hgc Thdi sdm ddng gdp
cho dan tdc nhieu thdnh tyu
xuat sac, cd d phuang dien the
logi lan ndi dung md truyen
tho Id mdt minh chung tieu
bieu
2 Truydn tlio Thai
Theo Tir dien Vdn hoc, do
Nhd xuat ban The Gidi an
hdnh thi, truypn tho Thdi Id:
"Mgt the logi van hpc viet
dudi hinh thuc vdn vdn, cd cdt
truyen, cua dan tgc Thdi d Viet
N a m so vdi truypn cd va
dan ca, truj^pn tho Thai cd quy
md hon ban ve dung Iugng
tac pham, ve tam khdi qudt
cdc van de xa hgi dugc phdn
dnh, ve nghp thugt xdy dyng
cdc hinh tugng van hgc"[5,
tt.1850-1851]
So vdi cdc dan tpc thilu
s l khdc, so lugng truypn tha ciia dan t^c Thdi phong phu ban nhilu Hipn nay Son La, nguyen Id thii phii ciia khu
ty trj Thdi Mi:(t xua, trong thu vipn ciia tinh cdn luu gift khodng 300 truvpn tho viet bdng chft Thdi co, trong dd so lugng djch sang chft quoc ngft rat khiem ton Truypn tho ddn tgc Thai, ngodi nguon goe tir truy§n cd bdn tgc, cot truypn cdn dnh,hudng ldn tu nhieu ngudn nhu truypn Ndm dan tgc Kinh, truypn Trung Hoa, truypn cd Lao
Sang tdc dya tren truypn cd dan gian Thdi Id hipn tugng phd bien nhat Trudc Cdeh mgng, cdc sang tac ra ddi nhu:
Khun Lii - Ndng Ua, Chuong Han, Khun Tinh - Khun Tong,
Ka Dong, Y Ngi - Ndng Xua, Noc Ken Keo, Tgo Trai Cdm
Cac tdc pham da mugn cdt truyen van hgc ddn tgc Kinh
de sang tdc bao gdm: truypn
Trgng nguyen dugc sang tdc
tu cdt truypn Tong Trdn - Ciic Hoa, Quan Trgng Tu dugc sdng tdc tu cdt truypn Hodng Triu Dya vdo cdt truypn
van hpc dan tgc Ldo bao gdm:
Tgo Thi Thdn, U Thim, Pha Met Pha Cang Dya vdo cdt
truyen vdn hgc dan tgc Trung Hoa thdng qua tieng Vipt bao
gdm: 7am Quoc diin nghTa, San Ludng - Inh Ldi, Quan Chiiu Qudn, Cdn Long du Giang Nam
Mac dil cdt truypn cdc tdc pham ndi tren dugc vay mugn nhung neu bd thdi gian va tam sue nghien ciru, so sdnh vdi sang tac k l thua thi se bdt gap nhieu diem khac bipt, ddc
tnmg vd thii vj: tdc pham sau khi vay mugn dd rat khdc v6i nguon goe, mang ddng dap t^p
CO, t h l hipn tu duy va tinh cdm
cu ddn Thdi
Ve van de tdc gid vd thai diem sdng tdc Cung gidng
nhu phan l<5rn truypn tho Ndm cua dan tgc Kinh, cdc sdng tdc truypn tha Thai diu khuylt danh Van de ban quyen khdng dugc dat ra, ban nfta, trong qud trinh dien xudng, nhdn dan ty eho minh quyen tham gia sira chfta tac phdm cua ngudi khdc Ngay
ca ngudl sdng tac cung chira
y thuc rang, tdc phdm Id san phdm tinh than cua rieng minh nen cung khdng can ghi ten Hem nfta, bdn tgc Thdi truoc ddy cd ldi sdng du canh du cir, mdi trudng sdng lien tuc tiiay ddi theo hai miia khd va miia mua, dieu dd khien cho tdc pham cd dj bdn va khdng co cdn cii xdc ddng ve thdi diem sdng tdc
Ben cgnh phuong thiic luu truyen bdng chu viet, truyen tho Thdi cdn dugc pho bien qua hinh thiic dien xuong
khdp xu (hdt tiia) Khdp Thdi
cd nhieu the logi: khdp bdo xao, khdp cg, khdp d luc non, khdp xir dich ngi Phd bien nhat ttong cdc dieu hdt la khap
xu, ldi hat the hien truypn tho
ddi, la su ket hgp tinh te giua vdn bdn vdn hgc vdi am nh^c truyen thdng
Ve chu de sang tdc, truy?n tho Thai Tay Bdc chii ti^ng
tdi may chu de chinh nhu: tinh yeu ddi lira, ddu tranh chinh phgc tu nhiin, dau tranh xa hgi
Md hinh cdt truyen ti:ong
Trang 3truypn tho Thdi ciing dugc
chia ldm ba phan, khd giong
vdi truypn tha Ndm bao
gdm: g^p gd - tai bien - doan
tu Nhiing phan ndy ddi khi
khdng tdn tgi rgch rdi, tudng
minh ma cd su Idng ghep dan
xen, tgo nen nhftng sy kien
phuc tgp Kgt thue cdt truypn
da phan cd hau, mgt sd cd ket
thuc bi kieh
3 Truyfn Trang nguyen
(Quan Trang nguyen)
Tdc pham dugc ddnh gia
Id truyen tho xuat sac ciia hp
thdng the logi, "thdnh cdng
ldn ve mgi mat Nd chiing td
ngdn ngft van hgc, nghe thugt
tha ca dan tdc, tam uyen bdc
ciia tdc gia ldm nen mdt ttong
nhiing niem ty hao ldn lao cua
van hoc Thdi Viet Nam ta" [I,
te.nsj
Truyen cd dp ddi 3372 cau
Van ban viet tay bang chft
Thdi cd khdng cdn rd ten tdc
gid Tdc pham hipn dang dugc
luu giu ttong kho sach Dia chi,
Thu vipn tinh San La Nam
1997, nham bdo tdn vdn van
hda cd truyen, Hdi Van hgc
Nghe thugt tinh chep lgi trong
Truyen tha trudng ca ddn gian
Thdi N I U chi dpc ten nhan
vat va so luge vdi phan, ddc
gid cd cam nhgn rat gidng vdi
truyen Ndm Tong Trdn - Cue
Hoa cua dan tgc Kinh Ngudi
Thdi da ke thua cdt truyen
tten, tai tgo lgi, them bdt tinh
tilt, tgo ra sinh menh mdi
mang hdn cdt dan tgc muih
khien nd mang dang dap khdc
Day Id sdng tac minh chiing
cho nhgn djnh cua nhd nghien
ciiu Le Trudng Phdt: "hang
logt truyfn tha cua mpt sd dan
tdc thiSu sd cd the di cgp ddi
vdi nhung truypn Ndm ciia ddn tgc Viet nhu nhiing edp bdi trimg" Diem dgc ddo de thdy d day la "truypn tha nay khdng hdn da Id djch phdm cua truypn Ndm kia, tft truy$n Ndm nay den truypn tha kia
da cd khoang cdeh khd xa ve cdt truypn, cdc tinh tilt v l tinh dan tdc ciia hinh tugng nhan vgt, cua ngdn ngft nhan vgt"[6, tt.88] Cung gidng nhu sdng tdc cung logi, nhan vgt fi^ong truypn chia lam hgi^i^tuyen ro rpt Nhan vgt chfnh bao gdm:
Tiing Tan, Ciic Hoa Hp thdng nhdn vat phu: Bdnh Hoa, Cao Vucmg, Linh Tuang
- Tu ket cau cdt truyen, ngudi hgc cd the tim thdy nhihig gid tri tu tudng ca bdn sau:
Hiin thuc xd hgi phong kiin Thdi Ddi ngu quan lgi
chia lam hai phe ddi lap, cd quan lai due dp, sd ay khdng nhieu, song da phdn Id nhihig
ke tan dc Vua duong trieu ngd theo con gai ma san sang cha dgp len cudc ddi nhan tai vua tuyen dung, khdng may
may can nhac diing sai "Trd thu chdng, cong chua ddng he tiin Ngo/ Dire vua cung ddng tinh ciing con gdi/Truyen cho chdng di su nudc Ngo" Dudi
gam ttdi, ke diing dau u tdi, nhan tai khdng dugc trgng dyng Sau khi dung mgi thii dogn, tu di sii d i n Ign rimg san thii, xudng bien thu phyc mang xd ma van chua trigt ha dugc Tiing Tan, nha vua thay
liing tiing rdi sg hai: "Liin ngugng mat nggi ngiing/
Long ndy ra nhieu chudc muu toan" Biet mutii khdng phdi
Id minh quan, chdng du sftc
thu phyc Idng ngudi, vua tim tdi phuong thiic hgn hg nhdt tron^ddi dng ta: tieu dipt nhdn tdi bdng thuoc dgc de bdo vp ngai vdng cua chinh mlnh:
"Vua ddi yen trgng nguyen diing trudc/ San hdo hdi vj diu tam dgc/ Tiing Tdn dn xong lien ^c nga " Tiing Tan
dd gidn tiep giet dugc tgn vua vua ngu mugi vua hiem ddc Qua cai chet cua ke dc vd viec gdp dugc thuoc tien ma sdng lai, tdc gia Thdi mudn mgt lan nua khdng djnh rang: ke d hien se dugc g^p lanh, ke ac se
bj trimg trj thich ddng Tang ldp tren da thdi ndt, lgi them chuyen hdn nhan ga ban
vd nhan d phgm vi gia dinh Trong xa hdi mien niii, than phgn ciia ngudi phu nft chi la
"than con bg ngya, bang than
con chau chudc thdi" {Song chu xon xao) Ong Tucmg
-ngudi cha Ciic Hoa do tinh mau tu thdng qua lang kfnh ddng tien, ldy sd phdn ngudi con lam cdng cy ddi chac, mdi quan he nipt thjt cdn bj dd vd hudng chi khac mau tanh long Ben cgnh nhiing hinh anh muc rudng d tang ldp tten, hien thuc tdc pham cdn dugc de cap den qua mdt vai phuang dipn nhd le khac Cdc
hu tuc rudm rd, canh an udng dinh dam ttong xd hdi xua dugc de cap den d kha nhieu trudng dogn cua tac pham Trudc cdnh che chen xdi thjt,
an tten ngdi ttdc cua tdng ldp phong kign, ddi sdng nhan dan lao ddng rai vao cdnh ldm than An nha, phia tgo td chuc tiec timg, ehiing ddn phdi gdp trau, gdp rugu NhOng hu tue thdch cudi ngng ne, ma muc
Trang 4dich la nhdm ngdn c h ^ sy ty
do hdn nhdn gifta hai giai tdng
khdng cimg ddng cdp dd ldm
gidm di vg dpp vdn hda vimg
miln
Ve d?p con ngudi, long tg
hdo ddn tgc, ca nggi tinh yen
tudo
Thdng qua, nhan v|il Tung
Tan vd nang Ciic Hoa, Banh
Hoa truypn tha khdng djnh
ve dpp con ngudi Idng ty hdo
dan tgc ca nggi tinh yeu ty
do Chang Tung Tan trai qua
cugc hai cugc thu thdch Lan
thu nhdt la thu thdch ve tri
thuc sdch vd, Tiing Tan dd
vugt qua Den thir thdch ldn
va gay go hem, thu thdch trgn
con dudng hogt ddng chinh
trj: hdnh trinh di su Tdu Nhd
cd tai ba va diic do nhu vgy
ma Tiing Tan da gianh dugc
hgnh phiic va vinh du: trd
thdnh Then Ludng cai qudn
ttdi ddt Ddi vdi ngudi Thdi,
then (vua Mudng ttdi) la thg
gidi tuyet dinh ma d dd ngudi
gid di, ngudi lot xae Tiing Tan
khdng chet, ngudi Thai da gui
gam mong mudn con ngudi
ludn bat tu cimg thdi gian
Neu nhu Tung Tan tieu bieu
cho tai tri eiia bac nam nhi thi
hai ndng Cue Hoa, Bdnh Hoa
lai tieu bieu cho due hanh cua
ngudi phu nft Nhung tudng
bdng hoa rimg trong chdn
gidu sang, lua xep day thimg,
dim nggp sdn ngang sdn dgc
thi chi bigt vui choi ca hdt ma
dimg dung vdi kiep ngudi
ngheo, nhung khdng phdi the
Nhdt la ndng Ciic Hoa, due
hanh ciia ndng dugc vua Tau
phong thdnh "bd hodng ngdi
phu" Trong cdnh dodn vien,
chia ngdi chinh that, ndng cd
ngdi vj cao hon Bdnh Hoa -cdng chiia nudc Tdu vd cd Cao Vuong, con gdi vua Thuy Te
Truypn the hi^n khdt vgng
ehinh phgc tg nhien Ddy Id
ngi dung Idm nen dilm khdc
bi$t eg bdn gifta truypn Tong
Trdn Ciic Hoa ciia ngudi Kinh
vdi Trgng nguyen ciia ngudi
Thdi Ba sy kipn the hipn dieu ndy gdm: Thu phyc ho dft tdn phd ban mudng, chien thdng mdi trudng nudc, gilt thuong luong dudi vyc sau
Sy kipn thft nhdt: Thu phyc
hd dft tdn phd bdn mudng:
d nui, ngoai nhftng moi higm nguy khac, thu dft ludn
Id noi khigp sg ciia dan chiing
Dieu ki Ig d chd hd vua la mgt nhdn vat hign ldnh cd the phii trg cho con ngudi, chdng han
nhu trong truypn Ngu hdu, lgi
cd thg la the lye de dga ddi sdng con ngudi Nhan vat hd
ttong truypn Trgng nguyin Id
ddi tugng thft hai Hinh tugng
hd cd the la "tfn ngudng bdn dja, mang hinh bdng tfn ngudng vat td" ciia dan tgc Thai xa xua Di su nudc Tdu, Mudng Lang xudt hipn hd dft, an thjt truy sdt chimg dan, than nhdn khiep sg khdn ciing, xuong trdng ehdng thanh mii, ddn sd vai di qud nua Vua chu hau dang sd xin hodng dl nudc Tdu tti hd Vua biet su gia Tiing Tan tdi tin, ben cu
di giet hd (Cdu 765 din cau 870) Dudng xa Uidm ddng
dd di het ba thdng trdi Qud nhidn, hd dft khdng de gi thu
phyc: "'Tieng ho gdm rung ddt/
Tieng hii dm vang khdp rimg xanh./ Con ddt nudc rgng bao
la thi qugnh vdng"
Tiing Tan thu phuc hd dft
- vin Id tien nft fren ttdi bj gidng xuing hg gidi md thdnh Nhung chdng khdng thu phyc cdi dc bdng vu lyc md bdng tai tri vd due dg Thay bdn lfnh hau cgn cua Trgng nguyen dang din gan, ho dft nhdy ra ch$n dudng Hg sg hdi dua danh thiep cua Tiing Tan H6
do nghe danh chdng dd lau, tieng vang dgn tgn Mudng Trdi ngn hipn nguyen hinh khuat phyc Chdng mgt lan nOa dugc ban them tudc phdm noi su ngudi
Sy kipn thft hai: Chien thdng mdi trudng nudc
Trong truypn Ndm Tdng
Trdn Ciic Hoa, ket thuc tac
phdm, nhdn vgt Tdng Tran chi cd hai ngudi vg: nang Ciic Hoa, ngudi vg tao khang tii thiia hdn vi vd cdng chiia nudc Tdn - Bgeh Hoa O tdc pham
Trgng nguyen, Timg Tan co
them ngudi vg Id cdng chua Cao Vuong Cao Vuong la con gdi yeu ciia Long vucmg, vua trj vi mudng nudc Chinh phiic mdi trudng ttgn cgn von
dg ddng hon, cdn radi trudng nudc Id the gidi bi an, ddy hiem nguy
Chinh phuc the hien quan nipm ve con ngudi li tudng Xet ve yeu td dja hinh, tiong qud trinh di cu xudng phfa Nam, dan tgc Thai da lay song Thao, sdng Ma lam ddi phan each Mdi trudng nudc la yeu
td vd cung quan frgng ddi voi
cu ddn Thdi Ddng nudc thien nhign gdn chgt vdi sy phdt trien
vdn hda xa hgi Thdi "Mi nam
chdng mi muong,/Mi muang chdng mi tgo "(Co nudc mdi
cd muong/Cd mudng mdi co
tgo) Neu nhu tgo la nguoi
Trang 5diing dau mgt td chiic xa
hdi thi nudc la hipn tugng ty
nhien khai sinh ra td chuc xa
hgi mang ten mudng Vi vay,
klu xay dung nhan vgt van hpc
theo kieu anh hung ca, bao gid
hinh tugng nay cung thudng
ttdi qua cudc chinh phyc mot
trudng nudc Trong tdc pham,
tao Trgng nguygn Id ngudi
diing dau mgt to chftc xa hgi
thi tgo mdi cd dii tu each phdp
nhan dg diing ra td chuc xa
hdi, tdc ddng vac ty nhien va
bien nd ted thdnh mdi trudng
sinh hogt cua con ngudi ttong
xa hpi Vi li do dd, cudc chinh
phyc mdi trudng nudc dugc
mieu td kha kJ ludng (Tu chd
chang Tiing Tan ttong m o
gap cdng chiia Cao vucmg
(cau 2588) den chd xin sac
phong cua vua dudi nudc ttd
ve (cau 2873) Tinh tiet co
ban ciia dogn trich nhu sau:
Mdt dem, Tiing Tan nam mo
thay su gid mdi chang xudng
thuy cung Tai day, chang gap
Long Vuong, vua ngu tri mign
nudc Vua hiia gd con gai Cao
vuang cho chang Tinh day,
Tiing Tan kg lai gidc m a cho
hai ngudi vg, sau do giao phd
vice nhd, di xudng thiiy cung
Tai day, Long Vuong va van
vo bd quan da chd sdn chang,
cho chdng hgp hdn cimg cdng
chiia Cao Vucmg O nha, hai
nang Hoa ngdng dgi, khdng
thdy chdng ve, ben thdng bao
cho cac chau mudng cung
chudn bj di tim Tiing Tan Sau
mudi nam d dudi thiiy cung,
Tiing Tan thiy nhd nha, chdng
xm Long Vuong dugc ttd ve,
vua ddng y cho Cao Vuang
theo cimg Cd gia dinh dodn
tu
Sy kipn thu ba: giet thudng ludng dudi vyc sau
Tiing Tdn doan ty cimg ba ngudi vg It lau sau, vi ghen ghet vdi tai tri ciia chdng, lgi mudn mugn tay d l gilt Tiing Tdn, vua sai chdng di xuong vyc xin sac ,^hortg, noi cd hang thudng ludng higm nguy,
dd bao ngudi di khong trd ve
Tiing Tan nhd dgn nhgc phy Long Vuong ciiu giiip Long Vuong bay cho chang cdeh dung ba tram con^trdu mdng ldn gan vdi ba frSfn ludi cau ldn d l lira bdt thudng ludng
Thudng ludng bj mac cau, xin tha mang Trgng lay dugc sac phong ve dang vua
Nhu vay, sang tgo bang each ghep thgm tinh tiet, tac gia Thai da dua vdo tdc pham nhung ndi dung mdi me so vdi pham vi phan anh ban dau Sd
dT dua them ndi dung nay vi ngudi Thai cd nhu cau phdn anh hien thuc duong thdi ciia tdc muih Phan anh tu duy van hda cdng ddng la nhiem vu cua van hpc Nhan vat chinh chinh phuc mdi trudng cgn va mdi trudng nudc da the hipn
sy am tudng va niem khdt khao md rdng hieu bigt, vuoti tdi thdng ITnh chan trdi mdi ciia cdng ddng Thai
Tai lieu t h a m khao
1 Cam Cudng, 77m hieu vdn hoc ddn tgc Thdi, NXB
Khoa hgc xa hdi Ha Ndi,
1993
2 Tran Tri Doi, Nghien cuu ngon ngii ede ddn tgc thieu so VietNam, NXB Dgi hgc Qude
gia Hd Ndi, 2000
3 Lg Quy Ddn, Kien vdn tiiu luc, NXB Van hda
Thdng tin, Hd Ngi, 2007
4 Hgi v a n ngh? - Sd Vdn hda Thdng tin Truyen thdng
San La, Truyen tha vd trudng
ca ddn gian Thdi, Xf nghifp in
San La, 1997
5 Nhieu tdc gid Tie diin vdn hgc, NXB Thl gidi Ha
Ngi, 2004
6 Le Trudng Phdt, Dgc diem thi phdp truydn tho cdc ddn tgc thiiu sd, chuyen lugn,
ma sd 5.04.01 Thu vien Dai hgc Su phgm Ha Ngi
7 Cam Trpng, Tu lieu ve lich sir vd xd hgi ddn tgc Thdi,
NXB Khoa hpc Xa hgi, 1977 Summary Vietnam literature is not only constituted by literature
of Kinh ethnic but also the presence of many parts of other ethnic minority literature The Thai ethnic reside on the large area in the Northwest of Viet Nam They have numerous population and rich literature Choosing Thai literature to teach at local literature part in Northwest is reasonable
In all kinds of Thai literature, narrative poem ia the most diversified "Trang nguyen" is the most typical work of the narrative poem Thai system Read the work, the student will encounter a large picture with Vietnamese national scope but it still has many differences The differences make the cultural character of the Northwest
in general and Thai ethnic in particular