HU''''ONG DAN QUAN LI SU DUNG T 6 CHliC HOAT D O N G NGOAI KHOA v£ LITC HUONG TAM (VAT LV LOP 10) ThS Nguyen Dire LSm TYudng THPT chuyen DHSPHd''''Ngi Trong chuong ttinh Vgt rat can to chftc cdc hogt dOng l[.]
Trang 1T 6 CHliC HOAT D O N G NGOAI KHOA v£ LITC HUONG TAM
(VAT LV LOP 10)
ThS Nguyen Dire LSm
TYudng THPT chuyen DHSPHd'Ngi
Trong chuong ttinh Vgt rat can to chftc cdc hogt dOng
li phd thdng, luc hudng ngogi khoa ve thf nghi$m.Vdi
tam vd lyc qudn tinh nhiing \f do trfen, chiing tdi dd
U tdm d ldp 10 ehuang trinh nghign cdu vipc to chuc hogt
nang cao Id mgt ttong nhOng dgng ngogi khod ve lyc hudng
ndi dung kien thuc vgt li trim tam d ldp 10 theo hudng phdt
tugng, cd ftng dyng rdng rai huy tinh tich cyc va phdtjjien
ttong thye te ddi sdng vd ky ndng lyc sdng tgo ciia h^c
thuat Tuy vdy, ngi dung nay sinh ''•^-'
ttong chuong trinh ldp 10
ndng cao chi bd tti hgc trong
mot tidt (Tigt 30), md do
digu kien thdi gian hgn chg
vd thiet bi thi nghiem do luc
hudng tdm chua cd, hoae mot
sd trudng dugc ttang bj thigt
bj thi nghiem luc hudng tam
cua Trung Quoc, ngay cd cac
thi nghiem dinh tinh don gidn
cung chua dugc khai thdc
Gido vien len ldp chu yeu van
Id dgy chay, mang tinh gidi
thieu vd thdng bao thuan tuy,
gid hgc ty chgn, gido vien chii
yeu la hudng dan hgc sinh giai
bai tap, hpc sinh thu dgng,
kem hiing thu ttong qud trinh
tiep thu kien thuc Nhftng kign
thftc vl lyc hudng tam va luc
1 Mue ti£u ciia hoat d^ng ngoai khod
- Cling cd higu bigt ciia hoc sinh ve lyc hudng tam, khac phyc nhftng sai lam ciia hpc sinh va md rdng cac kign thftc nhu lyc qudn tfnh li ldm, hieu ling Ii tam
- Van dung nhiing kien thuc ngu ttgn vap gidi thfch hien tugng Ihyc te cd lidn quan nhu:
khi pha nudc chanh, hgt chanh thudng tap chung d gifta ddy cdc, va tim hieu nguyen ly cua ftng dyng ky thuat ciia lyc hudng lam nhu nguygn ly boat ddng ciia may U tam sfta
; Ren luyen cac ky nang:
thiet ke che tgo dung cu thi nghiem nhu: thigt kg dyng qudn tinh li tam, hoc sinh chua cy thf nghiem luc hudng lam
nam duge bdn chdt, cdn mac chi do mdt lyc gay ra (cac lye
nhieu sai lam phd bien, nhidu
hgc sinh cho rang lyc hudng
tam la mdt lyc dgc biet ttong
ty nhien va dgc biet la chua
van dyng dugc kidn thftc da
hgc vao gidi thich cdc hien
tugng vdt li vd cdc ftng dung
ky thudt cd lien quan, chua
phan biet dugc hieu ftng li
tam, lyc hudng tam vd lyc
qudn ttnh li tdm
Vi vdy, dg nang cao ket
qua hgc tdp, phat huy tinh tich
cyc, sdng tgo cho hgc sinh thi
khdc dgu can bang vdi nhau), dyng cu thi nghiem lyc hudng tdm do hai hay nhigu lyc gay
ra, lyc hudng tam ldc dyng len vat ran, khdi chat Idng, khdi khi; dy dodn hipn tugng, ky ndng phan tich va danh gia ket qua tJhii nghiem; ky ndng gidi thfch cdc hien tugng vdt li va cdc ftng dung ky thudt; ky khd uMig giao tiep khi trinh bdy y kign, thdo lugn, bdo cdo ket qud
- Phat huy tinh tich cyc
tgo iiting thii cho hgc sinh qua cdc hogt dgng: hgc sinh til nhdn thi nghidm yeu thfch
dl nghign ciiru thilt ke, che tgo; ty to ehftc hogl ddng cua nhdm; hgc sinh ty bd tti thdi gian rdi de che tgo vd lam thi nghipm
- Phat tridn ndng luc sang tgo cho hgc sinh thdng qua cdc hoat ddng nhu: hgc sinh
de xual cac phucmg dn thigt
kg dung cy thi nghipm, tim cac gidi phap ky thudt vi du: tao ra chuyen ddng quay bang ddng CO dien, bang tay quay hay bang day xoan; de xuat phuong dn thi nghiem, each thuc hien cac phep do; lya chgn cdc vat lieu nhu: mdng thi nghiem cd the lam bang nhua, thanh ray bang nhdm hay lam bang tee, gd
- Ren luyen ky nang lam viec theo nhdm, day Id ygu td hien nay hge sinh cdn rat yeu, hgc chfnh Ichod thi it cd thdi gian dg ren luyen
- Giao due tinh than dodn kgt, hgp tac, linh tap the frong hpc tap vd ddi sdng qua cac hogt ddng: cho cdc em ty Id chftc, bdn bgc, phan cdng nhau chuan bj vat lieu, thdo luan phuong dn thiet kg va cung nhau lam thi nghiem; tu ket qua cua cac em Idm dugc
se khich le, ddng vien cac em
ty tui ban
2 Npi dung boat dong ngoai khod: Chiing tdi td chftc hogt ddng ngoai khod
vg luc hudng tdm vd lyc qudn tinh li tam vdi 2 ndi dung: + Gido vien giao vd hudng
Ngav nhdi bii 24/10/2012 Ngay duvet ddng 25/12/2012
Trang 2dan cdc nhdm hgc sinh thill
ke, che tgo dyng cy va tien
hdnh mgt so thi nghidm vl lyc
hudng tam
+ Td chuc chg hgc sinh
tiln hdnh thf nghipm bilu dien
vd tham gia trd chai, thi gidi
thich hi#n tugng vgt Ii cd lign
quan din lyc hudng tam
3 M$t s6 diJiig CM thi
nghidm dom gidn vl 1 ^ hudng
tam vd lyc qudn tinh li tam
giOa d0 ldn cua lyc hudng tdm vdi bdn kfnh quy dgo, khoi Iugng cua v§l vd loc dq gdc
* Cach tgo ra chuyin dgng quay: cd hai phuong dn
+ Dung dOng CO dipn
+ Dung mdmen xodn ciia day, khi d&y ldi ra sg ldm ddy
xoay trdn < •
Tft cdc dyng cy trfin, chiing
ta cd thl lien hdnh cdc thi nghipm sau:
Sit
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
Lo^i v | t ll|u
Bia Cling
Bu long
Chai nh^a
Day
DSy cao su
Dong CO dien
Tam go
Mau xop
Mieng nam cham
Ong nhua
Thanh sat
Vat bang sal
Kich thirAv
R = IOcm
18
lo^i 1,5 Ml
dai 30cm
lo^i nh6
canh a = 14cm
tron
loai nho
dai 30cm
d^i 10cm
dmh 6c 18.12
SAlirgrax
1
T
1
1
6
1
2
1
22
2
I
4
Ghi chD Hinh iron Ang truydn nhya, day nhom Cupn dfiy
Lo9t nh6 Hinh vuong
Loai moi v i loai cu
4 Mot so thi nghiem tieu
bieu:
Tim hieu ban chat cua luc
hudng lam vd kiem nghipm
don gidn mdi quan he cua Iuc
hudng tam vdi khdi lugng,
bdn kinh quy dgo vd tdc dg
goc-+ Tim hieu Irudng hgp luc
ma sdt nghi, hgp lyc cua trgng
lyc vd lyc cang day ddng vai
trd la luc hudng tam
+ Hieu diing mdi quan hp
Thi nghieip I;
- Thi nghifm la Kiem
nghiem mdi quan he gifta lyc hudng lam vdi toe dp gdc khi khdi lugng ciia vgt vd ban kfnh
r xdc djnh
- Thi nghidm lb Kiem
nghiem mdi quan he giua lyc hudng tam vdi ban kfnh r khi khdi lugng cua vgt vd ldc dg gdc nhu nhau
- Thi nghifm Ic Kiem
nghipm mdi quan hp giua lyc
hudng tdm Id lyc ma sdt nghi vdi khii lugng cua vgt khi bdn
kinh r vd tdc d^ gdc nhu nhau
- Thi nghifm Id Kilm
nghipm moi quan hp gifta lyc hudng ldm Id lyc ma sdi ngjiI vdi hp so ma sdt khdc nhaukhi khoi lugng, bdn kinh vd tic dp gdc nhu nhau
- Thi nghifm le Kiem
nghipm moi quan h | gifta lyc hudng ldm vdi chilu ddi ciia ddy treo khi khoi lugng vd tic
dg gdc nhu nhau bdng edch so sdnh gdc Ipch cua day freo.,
- Thi nghifm If Kiem
nghipm mdi quanhp gifta lyc hudng ldm vdi Ididi lugng ciia vdt ndng khi chigu ddi ciia day treo va tdc dp gdc nhu nhau bdng cdeh so sdnh gdc Ipch ciia day treo
- Thi nghifm lg Kiem
nghipm mdi quan he giiia lyc hudng tdm vdi tdc dg gdc khi khdi lugng cua vat ndng va chieu cidi ciia day treo nhu nhau bdng edch so sdnh gdc Ipch cua ddy treo
Thi nghipm 2; Khdo sdi eac vgt nhp tix)ng cdc nudc quay xung quanh ttyc
+ Tim hieu bdn chdt ciia lyc hudng tam tdc dyng len cdc vgt nh? ndi ti^n mdt nudc hodc lo Iftng ttong nudc
+ Minh hog nguyen tdc boat dgng cua mdy U tdm siia, may gigt long dung, Idng ngang,
HI a H.l.b H.l.c H.l Dung cu thi nghiem nghien cuu chuyen dgng tren cua vdt nhddiaqugy trdn
Trang 3H.2.a Dung cu thi nghifm
khdo sdt cdc vgt nhe trong coc
nudc quay xung quanh true di
qua trgng tdm cua khoi nudc
H.2.b Dung cg thi nghiem
quay coc nudc xung quanh
true quay khong di qua trgng
tdm cua khoi nudc
Tft cdc: dung cu tten, chung
ta cd the tien hdnh cdc thf
nghipm sau:
- Thi nghiem 2a Minh hga
hogt ddng cua mdy li tdm khi
tryc quay di qua trgng tam ciia
khdi chat Idng
- Thi nghifm 2b Minh hga
boat ddng cua mdy li tdm khi
true quay nam ngang khdng di
qua ttgng lam ciia khdi chat
Idng
- Thi nghiem 2c Minh hga
boat dgng cua mdy li lam khi
tryc quay thang dftng khdnjg
di qua frgng tam cua khdi chat
Idng ^
5 Hinh thih: to chuc ngoai
khoa ve luc h u d n g t a m :
- Trudc lien, gido vidn tap
trung hgc sinh tham gia ngogi
khoa va giao nhipm vy cho cd
ldp dudi dgng cdc nhipm vy nhgn thftc de tdt cd cimg suy nghl Sau dd gido vien to chftc cho ca Icip thdo ludn dg thdy
rd nhihig van dg ma ldp can gidi quyet trong dgt h9e ngogi khod, ddng thdi thdy rdng mudn gidi quyet dugc cac van
de dd thi can phdi lam cdc thi nghiem
- Gido vien chia ldp ngogi khod thdnh bdn td dya vao trinh dp va noi d cua mdi hgc sinh Mdi td cd ndm hgc sinh, teong dd cd mgt tg irudng va mgt Ihu ky Sau dd, gido vien phan cdng nhiem vy cho cac
to Moi td se nghien ciiu thiel
ke, che tao dung cy de lam mdt nhdm thf nghiem dg trd Idi cdc nhiem vy d tren
Td trudng chia td minh thanh ba nhdm vd giao nhiem
vu cho cdc nhdm, moi nhdrn
se nghien cuu thiet ke va che tgo dyng cu dg Idm mdt thf nghiem hodc mgt phucmg an thf nghiem
- Sau mdt thdi gian, hgc sinh
d cdc td tu suy nghl dg tim cac phuang an thiet kg, che tao va tiln hanh cdc thf nghiem, giao vien den lam viec vdi timg Id
de nghe hgc sinh trinh bay cac phuang an cua Id minh Neu hgc sinh chua nghT ra hoae chua cd phucmg an hgp ly thi giao vign sg ttg giiip theo tiing mftc do khac nhau, ygu cau ddi vdi hpc sinh tft cao xudng thap bang each giao vien da ra cdc cdu hdi gg; y, djnh hudng
de hgc sinh tidp tue suy nghT, tim each giai quygt
Sau do, gido vien ddng vai trd la ngudi td chuCj didu khign hgc sinh frong td trao ddi, thao lugn de tim each gidi quyet nhihig van dg gido vien neu ra, thdng qua dd hgc sinh
se tim ra cdc phuang an thiet
kg, chl tgo cac dyng cy vd tien hanh cdc thi nghipm cua td minh Khi dd thdng nhal dugc cdc phuang dn roi, cdc to se ly phan cdng nhau Ihyc hi€n cdc phuong dn dd thdng nhdt
- Cdc nhdm liln hdnh thilt
ke, tim kiem vgt li^u, mugn dyng cu d l chg tgo vd Idm thi nghiem cda nhdm mlnh, gido vien theo ddi, giup dd cdc nhdm khi hgc sinh gdp khd khdn
- Cac td bdo cdo kdt qua nhimg cdng vipc da lam, to chftc cho hgc sinh thdo luan de nhgn xet, so sdnh ket qua gifta cac nhdm, gifta cac phucmg
an Sau dd gido vien ngu ra mdt sdvdn dg chung, cd lien quan din tat ca cdc thi nghiem
ma mudn giai quygt duoc nd thi tat ca cac td phdi phdi hgp vdi nhau, bd sung chp nhau, qua do hgc sinh se thay dugc
sy phong phu ciia hien hrgng vat ly teong thye tg vg luc hudng lam va ngu khdng tham gia hogl dgng ngogi khod thi khdng the biet dugc
- Td chuc eho cdc td thi tai de hgc sinh cd dieu kien van dyng nhftng kidn thftc thu dugc qua dgt ngogi khod vdo giai thich cdc hipn tugng vat
Iy cd Hgn quan vd tham gia ted choi lien quan den lyc hudng tam _
Ket qud thye nghiem sy phgm cho thay hinh thftc td chftc vd phuong phdp hudng dan nhu da dg xudt Id cd tinh kha thi Hgc sinh thye sy da tich cyc, ty lyc hogt ddng teong hgc tap, da tgo dgc su hiing thu, say me cho hgc sinh, nhimg kign thftc hgc sinh thu dugc thdng qua cdc hogl ddng thye sy sau sac vd cd tfnh bdn vilng cao
(Xem tiep trang 45)
TAPCHiTHIETBIGIAODUC-Sd89-01/2013 • 2 7
Trang 4b Dimg ngdn ngft khdng
ddng ngft cdnh
Trong cugc sdng hang ngdy
TTK thudng dung ngdn ngft
khdng diing ngft cdnh nhu: Ire
noi "an com", "uong nudc"
"di char Tre ndi nhftng
doi hdi ndy ma khdng can bidt
khung canh luc do cd thich
hgp hay khdng
c Nhgi ldi
Tinh nhgi ldi Id mgt teong
nhung bat thudng hay thdy
nhdt d TTK Cd 2 mau nhgi ldi
CO bdn: nhgi ldi ngay lgp tiic
va nhgi ldi tei hoan Vipc xem
xet nhftng kieu nhgi ldi nay sc
cho chiing ta biel Ire dang cd
gdng xft ly ngdn ngu nhu the
nao
- Nhgi ldi ngay lap tftc:
Day chinh Id kidu nhai ldi dau
tien thudng xudt hidn d tee
Doi luc tie chi lap lgi mdt sd
Idi ndi ma Ire vua nghe dugc
Dieu nay cho thay tte cd khd
nang nghe va gift Idi ndi do
ttong bp nhd ngan ban du lau
de cd the nhac lgi
- Nhgi ldi tri hoan: xual
hien khi tte lap lgi mdt sd
doan ddi thogi da nghe trong
qua khft Ddi luc, nhai ldi tri
hoan hogt ddng theo edch thay
the mgt eym tft hodc mdt doan
bang mgt tft don gidn ban
Thdng thudng trong chiing
nhai ldi tri hoan, trd thudng
nghe dugc phdn ddu cua hgi
thoai cd mdt chut gdn vdi didu du^c ndi Trong mdt sd tinh hudng, nhgi ldi tri hoan thi qud khdc bipt so vdi cdi ma Ire binh thudng xdy ra khi tte cd khd khdn trong vide nit ra y nghTa ciia ldi ndi (nhu Id mdt rdi logn trung tdm xft ly thinh gidc)
III K^T LUAN Hdi chiing ty ky la mgt rdi loan phdt trign lan tod d nhidu dgng khdc nhau TTK luon gap khd khan Irong giao tilp,
cy thg ttong qua trinh nghe hidu ldi ndi cfta ddi tugng giao liep vd dien dgt ndi dung giao lidp
Khd khan ve giao tiep Id mdt teong nhimg van de can ban cuaTTK TTK gap khd khan ca ve giao tiep ngdn ngu va phi ngdn ngu Nguyen nhan la do cac em klid ket ndi cdc thdng tin va thidu kha nang khdi qudt, ngdn ngu cua trd cdn nhieu han che Hon nfta, Ire ty ky thudng bidu hien nggi giao tidp vdi nhimg ngudi xa la, nhung ngudi xung quanh, tranh xa nhimg noi ddng ngudi Didu nay gay trd ngai rat Idn teong vide tham gia cac boat ddng hda nhdp cgng ddng
Tai lidu tham khao
1 Vu Thi Bieh Hanh Ty ky phat hien sdm vd can thiep
IrMCiHIl
sdm NXB Y hgc, H 2007
2 Nguygn Vdn Thdnh IVd
em T^ k^ phinmg thih; gido dye NXB Tdn gido, H 2006
3 Tara Winlerton Td chftc cuu teg va phdt triln CRS Giao tiep vdi trd em Tdi lieu hudn luy^n ngdn ngft
4 Vd Nguydn Tinh Van Nudi con bi Tu- ky NXB Bamboo, Austialia, 2002
5 Vd Nguyen Tinh Van
Di hiiu tu ky NXB Bamboo,
Australia, 2002
6 Ives M and Munro N
Caring/or A child with Autism
Jessica Kingsley Publishers London, UK, 2002
Summary
To understand the communication characteristics
of children with autism then
to apply those characteristics
in the care and treatment for children with autism is very important It is considered
to be one of the successful factors of the intervention process for autistic children
In this article we will clarify the communication characteristics of children with autism, that help to identify the most effective interactive communication ways with them
r|CHOCHOATD0NG
Tdi Ufu tham khao
L Nguyin Thl Khdi
(long chu bidn), Phgm Quy
Tu (Chu bidn) vd cdc tdc gid
Sdch gido khoa vat li 10 nang
cao NXB Gido dye, 2010
2 Nguyen Due Thdm
(Chii bien), Nguydn Nggc
Himg, Phgm Xuan Que:
Phuong phdp dgy hgc vat li d trudng phd thdng NXB Dai hgc Su phgm Ha Ndi, 2002
Summary This article is about how
to organize an exteacurricular
(Tiep trang 27)
activities in physics teaching
We concentrate to the example about centrifugal force with hands-on experiments In this activities, students apply their knowledge in to real life, but also have more fim in physics lessons