^ THUC TIEN GIAO D U C , MOT SO VAN DE CO RAN VE DAO TAO NGHE CHO LAO DONG NONG THON TINH DINH THUAN Binh Thuan 11 mdt tinh duydn hl i Nam Tmng bd gi ip bi ln Odng vdi dddng bd bi ln d i i 192km, didn[.]
Trang 1MOT SO VAN DE CO RAN VE DAO TAO NGHE
CHO LAO DONG NONG THON TINH DINH THUAN
Binh Thuan 11 mdt tinh duydn h l i Nam Tmng
bd g i i p biln Odng vdi dddng bd biln d i i 192km,
didn tich t u nhidn 7,830km', d i n sd trung binh
1.180.000 ngudi, trong do khu vife ndng thdn cd
705.660 ngudi, chilm 59,8% Nhdng n i m gan day,
lao dpng thanh nien t d ndng thdn chuyin sang l i m
vide trong d c khu edng nghidp, thuong mai djch
vu trong v i ngoii tinh ngiy d n g nhilu, lao dpng
edn lai d ndng thdn phin Idn ehda qua dio tao Do
viy, mudn chuyin biln b i n vdng n i n kinh t l eda
ttnh thi phli phit t r i l n khu vife kinh t l ndng thdn
Oilu dd ddi hdi d n phli d i u tu dteh ding edng tie
d i o tao n g h i cho lao ddng ndng thdn nhlm d i p
dng nhu clu ehuyin djch eo d u kinh t l , co elu lao
ddng, CO clu nginh n g h i gdp phin edng nghidp
hda, hidn dai hda ndng nghidp, ndng thdn
1 Hoat dpng dao tao n g h i cho lao ddng
ndng thdn Binh Thuan
Thde hidn O l I n d i o tao nghi eho lao ddng
ndng thdn tinh Binh thuan d i n nam 2020, d i n
nay trdn dja b i n ttnh ed 20 ed sd day nghe vdi d c
nginh n g h i nhd: May edng nghidp, Nghidp vu
du Ijeh (Phue vu budng, b i n , l l tan, khich san ),
Trdng v l cham sde d y cao su, thanh long; Trdng
TS NGUYEN PHAN HUNG Tnidng Cao ding Cdng ddng Binh Thuin
d y luong thue; Ki thuat trdng n i m ; Trdng rau an toin Tdng sd lao ddng ndng thdn da d i o tao dupc 25,084 ngUdL Ridng 9 thing dau n i m 2011
da d i o tao dupe 6.965 ngUdi Kit q u i ed vide llm eho lao dpng ndng thdn binh quin khoing 70%, trong dd mdt sd n g h i die thii d dja phuong c6 ti
Id vide l i m dat 95% d i n 100%' Tuy nhidn, edng tac tuyin sinh va duy tri Idp hpe eua d c Idp day nghi cho lao ddng ndng thdn edn gap nhilu khd khan
do ngudi lao ddng ehua nhan thde d l y dd v l vide hpc nghi v i vide lam ndn thudng xuydn bd hpe lim Inh hudng d i n k i t q u i day nghi Chuong trinh dao tao cua d e co sd day n g h i chUa hoin chinh, ehUa d i p dng ydu clu eiia sin xult v i ddi sdng eiia dja phuang Dpi ngu d n bd gilng day edn thilu v l
sd Idpng, y l u v l chit lupng v i ehda ddng bd v l eo clu Trang t h i l t bj tuy ed dupe dau tU nhUng ehUa thife Slf ddng bd v l d i p dng dupe ydu elu,
2 Dtfbao nhu cau day n g h i d i n nam 2020
O l khie phuc nhdng han ehl, khilm khuylt neu trdn nhlm tao ehuyin biln d n b i n v i toin didn trong edng t i e dao tao n g h i eho lao dpng ndng thdn, Binh Thuan xlc djnh du b i o nhu cau v l day nghi d i n nam 2020 (xem bing 1),
S^fig 1: DUbio nhu edu dio tgo nghi den nim 2020
Dan vi tinh: ngUdi
Chi tieu
Din so tmng binh
Dan so trong do tuoi lao dong
Lao dong lam viic trong cac nginh kinh t i quoc dan
Stf lao dong qua dio tao
Stf lao dpng qua dao tao nghi
Ti l i lao dong qua dao tao
Tl 1$ lao dong qua dao tao nghi
Nhu cau lao dong qua day nghe, trong do:
- Nong lim ngU nghiip
- Cong nghiip - Xiy dung
-Thuong mai - djch vu
Kit qui thi/chien nam 2010
1,180,000 744,000 609.000
170520 80,558 28%
13,23%
23,672 12.546 4,024 7,102
DUbdo Nam 2015
1,234,000 850,000 713,000 392.150
182358 55%
25,60%
118,360 47,344 29,590 41,426
Nam 2020
1,290,000 971,000 834,000 558,780 415,058 67%
49,77%
236,720 71,016 71,016 94.688
(Ngudn: Oy ban nhdn ddn tinh Binh Thudn- Di dn ddo tgo nghi cho lao ddng ndng thdn ttnh Binh Thudn din ndm 2020.)
' NguSn: Sd LO -TB&XH Binh ThuSn - Bao cao tinh hinh thi/c hiin cong tac dao tao nghi cho lao dong ndng thon ngiy 24/10/2011
4 8 •KHOA HQC GlAO DQC
Trang 2THUC TIEN GIAO D U C ' i ! ^
3 Mot set dinh htfdng hoat dpng dao tao
n g h i cho lao dpng ndng thdn Binh TTiuan
3.1 Quy hogch mgng lUdi casd dio tgo tren
dfa bin dip Cfng nhu edu dio tgo iao dgng eho
ning thdn
Quy hoach va slp xep mang ludi d i o tao nhlm
bd tri lai hole xiy dung mdi d e co sd d i o tao thfch
hpp d d c vung kinh t l di d e eo sd d i o tao thue
hidn dupc chdc ning d i o tao ngudn life dap dng vdl
ydu eau nhin lUe eho sif phit triln kinh t l x l hpi eua
tdng vung, tifng dja b i n mpt d c h hidu q u i trong
tdng t h i tinh BinhThuIn theo t i l n trinh chuyen djch
CO clu kinh t l , xiy dung ndng thdn mdi, gdm:
- Ri soit, phin cdng lai chde ning, nhidm vu
dio tao ciia d c co sd d i o tao n h l m khie phue
tinh trang thda, thilu, trdng lap, chdng ehdo, p h i n
bd khdng hpp It theo linh thd, g i n vdi nhu clu sd
dung, phu hpp vdl ydu elu ehuyin djch eo elu kinh
t l , xiy difng ndng thdn mdi
- Md rdng d e trung t i m day nghi, d c tmng
t i m hpc tap cdng ddng d vdng ndng thdn d l
phd elp nghi eho ndng dan n h l m thife hidn vide
chuyin ddi eo d u lao dpng trong q u i trinh chuyin
djch CO clu kinh t l
- Slp nhip d e co sd d i o tao ed ehde ning
nhidm vu ehdng ehdo, triing l i p
- Gill t h i d c CO sd d i o tao cd chdc ning nhidm
vv khdng phii hpp vdi qua trinh chuyen djch eo elu
kinh t l
- Bd trt ele co sd dao tao theo vung, thdi gian
ho^t ddng d l cd t h i sd dung h i t edng suit hoat
ddng ciia d c co sd d i o tao tren dja b i n
3 J To chdc tuyin truyin, tuvan hgc nghi
vi viic lim ddi vdi lao dgng ndng thdn
- Tuydn truyin v l vai trd, vj trt cua tdng n g h i
nghidp ddi vdi sif p h i t t r i l n kinh t l x l hdi den lao
ddng ndng thdn thdng qua d c chuong trinh hoat
ddng tu v i n n g h i nghidp Thdc hidn tuydn tmyen
cho lao ddng x l hdi de thu hut ngudn nhin life v i o
nhdng nginh n g h i dang t h i l u hut lao ddng
- T u v l n eho ngudi lao ddng tUchpn n g h i hpc,
hinh thdc hpe t i p v i not hpc n g h i phu hpp vdi d i l u
kidn cda tdng ddi tuong lao ddng ehUa ed vide l i m ,
- TU v i n v l phi p l u l t lao ddng ed lien quan
d i n d i o tao v l vide l l m d4 ngUdi lao ddng tim vide
l l m sau kill hpe n g h i xong,
3.3 Thinh lip trung tim phin tich thong tin
thi trudng lao ddng dethuc hiin cdng tie dufbio
nhu ciu th! trudmg '"^ ' ^ " 9 "^9 *^°"
Bin canh vile sd dung ele chi sd thdng tin
chung v l thi trudng lao ddng v l vide l i m nhu
thdng tin v l d i n sd va life lupng lao ddng, tinh trang t h i t nghidp, p h i n bd lao dpng d n xay ddng d e thdng tin sau:
-Thdng tin hing nam v l tinh hinh vide l i m sau khi tdt nghidp eiia d e tmdng ehuydn nghidp theo
CO elu nganh n g h i d i o tao v i trinh dp dupc d i o tao d ele nginh kinh t l , d c dja phdong khie nhau,
- Sd vide l i m sd dugc tao ra hole ed nhu clu d
cie CO sd sin xult theo tdng nginh nghi, trinh dp, vung miln,
-Thu nhap eda dpi ngu lao ddng dugc d i o tao
trong d c trudng ehuydn nghidp d ele nginh nghi, khu vife kinh t l ,
- Khi ning tao vide l i m d dja phuang
- Cae yeu td t i c ddng d i n vide tang, giim clu ddi vdi tdng nginh nghi, trinh dp
O l nam bat ddpc thdng tin v l thj trddng lao ddng ed t h i sd dung md hinh hd thdng thu thap thdng tin thj trudng lao dpng trong hinh 1 Hinh thinh hd thdng thdng tin niy, khi van hinh ed tie dung:
Giim sit vide van hinh eda thj tmdng lao ddng,
Cung elp thdng tin cho d e e l nhin, doanh nghidp v i ele co sd d i o tao
Can bing gida Ipi fch x l hpi v i chi phi d i o tao
3.4 Xay dung chuang trinh dio tgo phii hop vdi nhu edu lao ding ndng thdn va dip Cfhg yeu cdu eua nhi tuyen dung
- Huy ddng sU tham gia cua d e n h i quin li,
nhdng ngUdi lao dpng true t i l p d vj tri lao ddng
d e elp trinh dp, d c chuydn gia cua linh vifc nginh
n g h i v l nhdng ein bd quin li lao ddng d d e co sd
sd dung nhin ldc; ele ehuydn gia trong linh vife xiy dung chuong trinh dao tao v i gilo vidn, die bidt l i giao vidn day It thuylt ehuydn mdn v i thde hinh tay nghi
- Quy trinh x i y difng hole ddi mdi chuong trinh d i o tao dUpe t i l n hinh t d vide phin tieh nghi, phin tfch edng vide va hoat ddng eda ngUdi tdt nghiep trong q u i trinh hinh nghe tai vj tri lao ddng cua hp tai ele eo sd sd dung nhan lue(md hinh hoat ddng) Tren eo sd dd, xle djnh he thdng kiln thde, ki nang v i t h l i dp can t h i l t m i nginh, nghe ddi hdi d hp trong q u i trinh hanh nghe (md hinh nhin eleh ngddi lao ddng) Td do xac djnh muc tieu va d e ndi dung can t h i l t phli day cho hpe sinh (md hinh d i o tao) de d i m b i o sau khi tdt nghidp hp cd the d i p dng dupc ydu elu eua thj trudng lao ddng v i cd the tim dupc vide llm
Trang 3> ^ THUC TIEN GIAO DUC
3.5 Ning eao ning life giing dgy cho ddi ngu
giio vien
Trong b i t ki co sd d i o tao n i o cda he thdng
gilo due qude d i n , hoat ddng day hpc v i n ia hoat
dpng eo b i n nhlt de thuc hidn dupc mue tidu dao
tao, t i t e l nhdng hoat dpng khac ddpc td chdc
xoay quanh nd nham hd tro va giiip cho hoat dpng
day hpe gap nhilu thuan Ipi trong qua trinh thife
hidn muc tidu Do dd, ngudn life quan trpng nhlt
d l CO sd d i o tao ed t h i thifc hidn dupe chdc ning,
nhidm vu eua minh do l i dpi ngu gilo vidn v i can
bp quin If nha tmdng
Nlu CO sd d i o tao cd dupc mdt dpi ngu giao vidn
dap dng v l sd Idpng v i chuyen nginh cda d c nganh
nghi d i o tao, dupc d i o tao chuln, 6ugc thudng
xuydn tap huln hing nim v l phuong phap day hpe,
trang bj d c kiln thde ehuydn nganh mdi; mot dpi
ngu d n bd quin It cd khi ning td ehde, quin It q u i
trinh d i o tao thi co sd d i o tao dd hoin toin cd t h i
thde hidn hoat dpng dao tao 64 dat difoe mue tidu da
d4 ra, eho dii ed su thay ddi ve muc tidu d i o tao, ndi
dung chuong trinh, v l ydu elu eiia eo sd sddung lao
ddng, su thay ddi eda thj tmdng lao ddng
Vi the, d l thuc hidn hoat dpng dao tao, d e co
sd d i o tao ein tang eudng ngudn lue nay thi co sd
d i o tao mdi cd the dap dng dupc q u i trinh chuyen djch CO clu kinh te cda ttnh nhi
3.6 Dau tudong bg trang thiit bi giing dgy
CIc eo sd dao tao nghe can dUOc dau tu ele trang t h i l t bj giang day phue vu eho hoat dpng thuc hanh, Cac trang t h i l t bj niy can d n phli dupe dau tu theo hUdng hidn dai, ddng bd, ed Id trinh theo thd t u Uu tidn nhung phli phd hpp vdi hoin
d n h thuc t l , trinh tinh trang lac hau, manh mun„ Bdn eanh dd c i n p h i t huy ngudn life tdng hpp eiia
d c CO sd dao tao, d c eo sd tht nghidm thde hinh,
eo sd nghien cifu khoa hpc trdn dja b i n nhlm phit huy hidu q u i vide sd dung trang t h i l t bj v l tilt kidm kinh phfdlu tucua t o i n xa hpi cho hoat dpng
d i o tao nghi cho lao ddng ndng thdn
3.7 Ting cUdng hop tic qudc tivi dio tgo lao ddng cho ndng thdn
O l hd thdng d i o tao nhin life dja phuong ed
t h i nhanh chdng hdi nhap qude t l , ein md rdng
Hinh 1:Md hinh thu thip thong tin vi thi trudng lao ding eo thiip dung de thiit lip hi thdng
thdng tin vi thi trUdng lao dgng eho tinh Binh Thugn
N G U 6 N S6 Lieu CAU H 6 I
Oi^u tra lao ddng (1) That nghiip, c6 viic l i m c6 thu nhap
hoac hudng luong Ngh6 gl?
Di^u tra y i u cau
d i o tao (II)
Yeu cau kT n i n g / nghe nghiep Tfnh hiiu q u i cua cic trudng d i e tao Nhin biet nhdng cii mdi
Kl nang ngh4 nghiip gl? thuc hiin cho vung nio?
Nghlin cifu theo
d i u vit tuong lai
vdi cic CO sd d i o
tao (III)
Tfnh hiiu q u i cua cac trUdng d i o tao Tinh trang t h i t nghiip/ c6 viic l i m cda ngudi d i o tao sau 1 nam theo nghe/ kl
nang
Ma ciia nghd nghiip
Dp bio kfch bin lao
dOng (IV)
Nghlin cdu lan
theo diu v^t ngUoc
(V)
Cung cip lao ddng theo giio due/
ky ning/ngh4 nghiep
Ma cCia nghe nghiip dung dl^u tra lao ddng hiin hinh Tinh v i qu6c gia
Tfnh hiiu qui cua cic trudng dio tao Nhan biet nhOrng yeu cau dio tao mdi That nghiip/ cd viic lim, tien luong
Khung miu gi? Tinh?
NguSn: Hdi thdo vi thiet ldp ki hogch qudn linhdn li/c theo dinh hudng kinh ti thi trudng, Bd LDTB&XH, 5/1999
Trang 4THUC TIEN GIAO DUC ^
quan hd qudc t l 64 tao d i l u kidn thuan Ipi cho vide
giao luu, hpe hdi kinh nghidm ele nUde dl trUde, tan
dung d c ngudn lue qudc t l nhu sd dung vdn ODA,
ele du I n dau t u tang eudng co sd vat chit, trang
thilt bj eho ele eo sd dao tao, thifc hidn d e chuong
trinh trao ddi gilng vidn d l nang eao ning life giang
day cho gilo vidn, xiy difng v i phat triln chuong
trinh theo hudng tidn t i l n trong dao tao nhin life
Xiy dung td chdc bp may v i eon ngudi
ehuydn trich eho hoat dpng hop t i e qudc t l phu
hpp d elp ttnh v i eae co sd dao tao
- Ning cao trinh dp ngoai ngd, tin hpe eho dpi
ngu l i m edng tie hpp tie qude t l
- Phdi hpp d c sd ban nganh trong vide d i l u
phdi sd dung, khai thac ed k i t q u i d c du I n hpp
tie qude t l trdn dja ban
- Ting eudng quan hd vdi ele eo sd d i o tao
nude ngoii, d c td ehde phi chfnh phd, chfnh phii
64 khai t h i c d c du I n hpp t i e hai bdn eung ed Ipi
4 Ket l u i n
O l hoat (Jong d i o tao n g h i eho lao ddng ndng
thdn trdn dia b i n ttnh BinhThuIn dat hidu q u i eao
nhlt ein t i l n h i n h ddng bd nhilu g i i i phip, ein cd
Slf phdi hop ddng bd gida d e elp ele nganh, d e td
ehde chtnli trj x l hdi.,,trong dd d c co sd d i o tao
n g h i can thiet phai dupe quy hoach mdt cleh phii hpp, vide td chdc tuydn t m y l n , t u van hpc nghi
v i vide lam ddi vdi lao dpng ndng thdn can thuc hidn cd ke hoaeh, xay dung chuong trinh dao tao phu hpp vdi nhu cau lao dpng ndng thdn v i dap dng ydu elu eOa n h i tuyen dung, tdng budc nang eao ning life gilng day eiia dpi ngu giao vidn, dau
tu ddng bp trang t h i l t bj gilng day va t i n g cddng hpp t i c qude t l v l dao tao lao ddng cho ndng thdn
TAI Lieu THAM KHAO
1, Oe an "Ddo tgo nghi cho lao dgng ndngthdn tinh Binh thudn din ndm 2020f, Oy ban nhin d i n
tinh Binh Thuan, thing 1/2011,
2, Hpi t h i o "Cung Ung ngudn nhdn lue thu hut ddu tuvdo cdc khu cdng nghiip Binh thudn, Uy ban
nhin d i n ttnh Binh Thuan, thing 6/2011
SUMMARY
The author presents some basic issues in vocational training for rural labour in Binh Thuan, including: 1/ vocational training activities for rural labor in Binh Thuan; 2/ Foreeats for vocational training to 2020; 3/some orientations for vocational training activities for rural labor in Binh Thuan
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CAC PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC (Tiep theo trang 34)
phuong phip niy d l khdi ddng, l l m thugiln dau de
eOa hpe sinh khi gidi thidu chd d l mdi
Ngoii d c phuong phip trdn, trong GDHN eung
sd dyng phuong phi p ddng vai (dien kich), md
phdng Dly l i phdong phap eo b i n d l rdn luydn ki
ning giao t i l p cho hpe sinh Ddng vai l i eo hpi de
hpe sinh thife hinh mdt sd nhidm vu hay eleh dng
xd nio dd trong mdt mdi trudng mau tmdc khi d c
tinh hudng thde xiy ra Qua ddng vai hpe sinh bilt
xd II thdng tin, dng dung nhdng Id thuylt da hpc
v i o thuc t l sinh ddng v l da dang,
Klii sd dung phuong ph i p niy GV luu y: Odng
vai tao dilu kidn cho hpc sinh thife hinh ki ning ra
quylt djnh ehpn hudng di eda minh
Giup eho hpe sinh thife hinh ki ning giao tilp,
Cd t h i I p dung phuong phi p niy d l tao
tinh hudng tn/dc khi t h i o luan mdt chu d l nio dd
Odng vai se kfch thfch hpc sinh t h i o luan sdi ndi ve
ehu d l dupe ndu
TAI Lieu THAM KHAO
1, Ludt Gido due ndm 2005, NXB Chtnh trj Qude
gia, Ha Ndi, 2006,
2, Bd GD&DT Chl thj sd 33/2003/ CT-BGD&DT ngdy 23.7.2003 eua Bg trUdng Bd GD&DT vi tdng cUdng gido due hudng nghiip cho HS pho thdng, H i
Ndi, 2003,
3, Pham Van Son (ehu bidn), Gido due hudng nghiip vd tich hgp GDHN qua mdn hgc- Tii lieu tap
huln hidu trddng d c trUdng THCS, Ha Ndi, 2010,
4, Tran Mai Thu, Nghiin cifu di xudt ngi dung bdi dudng GV hudng nghiip d ede tn/dng THCS, Bao d o tdng kit de tai KHCN elp Bp, m l sd B2006-68-11, H i
Ndi, 2009
SUMMARY
The author proposed 4 active teaching methods often used in career orientation programs at schools, technical-career centers
Stf78-IHANG3/2812^S1