QUY TRINH TiCH HOP GIAO DUC B IEN DOI KHi HAU TRONG DAY HOC SINH HOC i TRUONG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG ThS NGUYEN TAT THANG" Quan diem tfch hop giao due (THGD) dang trtf thanh xu hu6ng tatyeu trong doi mcf[.]
Trang 1QUY TRINH TiCH HOP GIAO DUC BIEN DOI KHi HAU
TRONG DAY HOC SINH HOC i TRUONG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG
ThS N G U Y E N TAT T H A N G "
Quan diem tfch hop giao due (THGD) dang
trtf thanh xu hu6ng tatyeu trong doi mcfigiao
phat trien nang luc ngirofi hgc, dap ling yeu cau phat
trien xa hpi THGD bien doi i<hi hau (BDKH) trong
day hoc Sinh /?octheo quy trinh lihoa hgc se nang
cao ctiat lugng day hpc, giup hgc sinh (IHS) hieu ro
hdn nhQng nguyen nhan, bieu hien, tac dpng cua
BBKH, qua do, gop phan giao dye ythuc bao ve moi
nguyen tSc, cac bi/cfc trong quy trinh THG D BDKH
trong day hgc Smh hgcatnsdng THPT
1 Nguyen tac THGD BDKH t r c n g day hgc
Sinh hgc o t r i r o n g THPT
1.1 Xac dinh romuc tieu, ngidung, phuang
phap (PP) va each danh gia trong day hgc tich
canjamromiic dp datdugc vel<ienthLro,l<mang,thai
do OHS deep the do dem, danh gia dugc Npidung
DHTH dugc xac djnh phai phu hgp, dap Qng dupc
phat hu); tinli tich arc, chu dpng, sang tao trong giai
quyet van de cho HS, vc( cac hinh thQc lam viec ca
hpc PPdanh gia trpng DHTH can l<ethgp danh gia
theo chuan i<ienthQcl<Tnangva theo tieu chida dat ra
trong myc tieu giao dye; tang cudng viec danh gia
nang lut, danh gia qua trinh, tu danh gia; chu trpng
thu thap minh chOng dexac dinh miic do datdupc
cua muc tieu
1.2 Khong lam thay doi tinh dac tmng cua
mon hgc, baihgc.Uon Sinh hoc a trucmg THPT
gom cac tri th lie CP ban, h ien dai ve dac tnmg cua cac
cap dptochiicsong tQdon gian den phQctap, tQthap
susong deu co moi lien he mat thiet vol moi trucmg,
chju nhieu anh huong l<hi khi hau bien doi Do vay,
viec tich hop ngi dung giao dye BDKH la rat can thiet
lam mat di tinh dac tn;ng cua cac bai hgc Sinh hgc
THGD BDKH thong qua day hgc Sinh ligc dtrudng
moi quan he giiia hai loai trithQc nay
46 Tap chi Gido due so 360
1.3 Khai thac ngi dung THGD co chgn igc,
CO he thong; Ithdng tran lan, tuy tien Cac l<ien
thOc, kTnang ve BDKH rat da dang, onhieu mQc dp khac nhau Dekhong lam "qua ^ r n p i dung bai hpc, khi thuc hien tich hgp (TH), giao vien (GV) can lua each ciipn Ipc, tuong thich va phu hop vdi npi dung bai hpc Npi dung giao duo BDKH phai lam cho bai hgc ro rang hem, tadng minh hPn, y nghTa hon, giup thQc Sinh hgc va BDKH mptcach tunhiSn, logic, phat huy toi da hi6u qua DHTH
1.4 Phathuytinh tich cue, chu dgng hgc tip; i(hai thac toi da von song, hieu blei cila HS ve
hpc them sinh dgng, coy nghTa thietthyd, khong nham Chan, phathuy tinh tich Clio hgc tap cda HS,loi cu6'n
HS tham gja mpt cached liieu qua vao cac hoat ddng hpc tap, tiep thu ngi dung bai hgc sau sSc
2 0 u y trinh THGD BBKH t r o n g dayhgc Sinh hoc d t r u d n g THPT
2.1 Xac dfnh muc tieu, ngidung, chudeTH
2.1.1 Xac'dinhrnuc tieu Tli:- Kien thdc: HS hieu
cac khainiem coban ve BDKH, nguyen nhan gay ra BDKH; nhiing biSj hien, hau quacda BDKH vol thien nhien va ddi sd'ng xa hgi; cac hoatdpng Qng phd vdi BDKH ; - KTnangitham gia thuc hi^n cac hoatdpng thich Qng vagiam nhe BDKH (trongcaythichjingvfl BDKH, bao vd ddng vat, giam thie'u d nhilm mdi trudng, giam phat thai klii nha kinh, ); - Thaidg: HS
cd tinh than trach nhiem va bietvan ddng mpi ngudi ung hg cac hoat ddng thich Qng va giam nhe BDKH (bap vemdi tn/dng,chdng pha njmg,si)dyng tet kiem nang lupng, tdn trgng thien nhien, )
2.1.2 Xac dinh noi dung mon hgc co ih^TH Dpi
tugng nghien cQu cija bg mdn Sinh hoc la the gidi
sinh vat-chungcdmdi quan hemat thidt vdi cac dieu kien khihau, mdi tn/dng Cac thdng sdccf ban cua khi hau dtung khu vuc ludn dn djnh vapacsinh vat sd'ng
o d d thich nghi dupc do cd hang sdsinh hpc dn dinh phu hgp vdi dieu kien mdi tn/dng Cac ye'u tdcPban
* Hpc vien Nong nshil]] 1/iet Nam
Trang 2doi lam xuat hien va gia tang cac hien \3jqT\Q thai tiet
ci/c doan,xuat hien nhieu thien tai tac dpng den sinh
vatva con nguoi
2.1.3 Xac dinh cic ngidung BDKH cd lien quan
den kien ^dc, kinang tronp mdn Sinh hgc, bao gom:
khai niem vekhihau,thdi tiet; nguyen nhan cua BDKH,
bieu hien cua tac dpngcua BBKH (den cac he tii
nhien va he sinh thai, den cac vLing khi hau, den cac
khu vt/c tren the gidi, den cupcsong vastrc khoe cpng
dong, den cac nganh KT-XH, }; cac hoat dpng ung
pho v6i BDKH (thich tjfng va giam nhe BDKH)
2.1.4 Xac dinh kiin ihuc, kinang THGD BDKH
trong day hoc Sinh hgc a tn/dng THPT bao gom:
• Kien thu'c ve cac hang so sinh hoc cua the picrt, cac
h^ng socPban cua khi hau, cac bieu hien ve subien
doi khi hau dien ra dcac khu vuc khac nhau tren the
g i d ; -Dac diem moitn/dng sinh thai, mtJc phan ting
cua sinh vat v6i moi hudng; sutien hoa cua sinh vat;
tac dpng cua BDKH den susinh tarong, phattrien,
sinh san cua sinh vat; tac dpng cua BDKH den dcfi
song, su phat trien KT-XH cija con ngu6i ; • Tac
dpng cua con ngudi toi khi hau,moi tn/dng song; tac
dpng cua BDKH doivdi con ngudi vamoi trudng, cac
nganh KT-XH ; - Cac hoat dpng thich iJng va giam
nhe BDKH trong sinh hoat, trong cac ITnh vuc san
xuat,nganh nghe khac nhau _
2.1.5 Xacdjnh cicchudi' Hoatdpng cua the gidi
sinh vat deu dien ra trong moi tardng, cac yeu to cua
khi h?u deu bieu thi cac yeu to cua moi tn/dng va co
lien quanchatchevdim6itrudng.Vi_vay,dethuan loi
trong DHTH, cac chu deTH cung can phaidupc gan
vcS moi trudng Cac moi trudng co ban de sinh vat,
con ngudi ton tai vaphat trien la: dat, nudc, khong khi,
sinh vat, xahpi{con ngudi) Do vay,cacchiJdeTHGD
BDKH trong day hoc Sinh hoc dtrudng TH PT la: £?a/
va BDKH; Nudc va BDKhi; Khdng khi va BDKH;
Sinh vatva BDKH;Xa hoiva BDKH Trong tijmg chu
decan khaittiacnadungTH dhai mat:-Hoa^rfongf
ffiich dng vdi BDKH; - Hoat dgng^ giam thieu BDKH
Day chinh la co sdquan trpng de xac dinh npi dung,
bien phap THGD BDKH trong day hpc bp mon
2 J Xac dinh ngi dung, bien phap
2.2.1 Xac djnh muc tiiu TH vek'ii'n ^dc, kinang
Qiaidg trong bai hgc Vi du: qua phan tich, chiing ta
xac dinh dupcmuc'tieu day hocTH trong Bai8"Quang
hop dthuc v a f (Sinh hoc 1 i ) \k.HSphan tich duac
vaitrdcua thuc vat dd'i vdi viec giam phat thai khi nha
kinh, giam hiiu dng nhi kinii, chong BDKH; HS ning
cao y thdc trong va bao vi cay xanh, tich cue tuyen
truyen, trong vi cham sdc ning
frong fta/7Jpc Dua vao mdi quan hegiiJahailoaitri thiic nay ma cac dja chi va npi dung TH dupc chia lam3mi/cdp:toanp/?a/7,6pp/janva/fl9n/je.Dexac djnh noi dung va mirc doTHGD BOKH, can tim hieu Sinh hoc 10,11,12 detim ra npidung cd the TH; dong tho^ chira nhiing npi dung CO ban vesinh hpc te bao, sinh hoc visinh vat, sinh hpc co thethuc vat, sinh hpccothedpnp vat, ditmyen hpc, sinh thai hpc vatien hoa; sau do, lien hanh xac dinh cac dia chlva m lie dd
THGD BDKH trong mon SinhhgcTHPT
2.2 3 Xac dinh PP day hoc; chuih bi phuang liin dayhgc THGD BDKH 0 mdc dpTH toan phan, npi
dung kien tfiuc Sinh hpc va BDKH dupc long ghep hoan toan vao nhau, do vay, cac PP va phuong tien day hpcsudung deday Sinh hpc cung dupc sudung dedaygiao dye BDKH CfmiJrcdpTH bo phan,chicd mpt phan npi dung tri thuc Sinh hpc long ghep npi dung giao dye BDKH, do do, khi day hpc G V can si) dyng them cac PP va phuong tien day hpc giao dye BDKH de dam bao myc tieu THGD BDKH Tuy nhien, can quan triet cac nguyen tac DHTH dedam bao tinh dae trung cua mon hpc, dong thdi khdng lam
"qua tai" npi dung Cf miic dp lien he, npi dung Sinh hpc khong trung vdi npi dung giao dye BDKH nhung cddieu kien de lien he mdrpng trithije Sinh hpc lam ro
y nghia cua tri thu'c Sinh hoc ve cac van de BDKH GVsu'dungeaePPvakTthuat day hpc kham pha, trai nghiem nham giup HS khac sau y nghla npi dung Sinh hpc, dong thdi tang eudng sir hieu biet va ren luyen cac kTnang ung phd vdi BDKH
PP day hpe THGD BDKH trong mon Sinh hgc
ehu yeu la PP tich cue: van dap gpi md, tn/c quan tim tdi bp phan, thao luan nhom, day hoc giai quyetvan
de, day hoc duan, khao satthue tien, thi/c hanh, thi nghiem, ddng vai, si) dyng trd choi Phuong tien day lioc THGD BDKH trong mdn_S/n/?ftpc gom: tranh anh, video clip, md hinh, mSu vat, he thong cau hoi, bai tap, doan trich dan, tlnh huong cd van
de, di/an ve cae van de lien quan npi dung sinh hpe va BDKH Vi dy: tranh anh, do thi, video ve thi nghiem anh huong eua nhiet do moi trudng dd'i vdi cudng dp ho hap cua dpng vat, thi/c vat; nguyen nhan va tac hai cua hien tuong mua axit; vai tro cua cay xanh/rt>ng doi vdi mdi trudng; tac hai cua giong bao, nSng nong, lu lyt, han han den ddi song ngucri dan,san suat nong nghiep, hesinh thai
2.2.4 Thiit ki'cac hoatdgng day hgc THGD^ BDKH, chuih bicdng cu kiem tra, danh gia ket qua
/?pc iap Do dac diem npi dung mon hpc, nen tiiy ttimg bai, tung npi dung va mue tieu hpc tap ma cac hoat
Tap chi Gido due so 360 47
Trang 3thuyetthuchanh,thi nghiem, khao sat thyc tien Cac
hoat dpng day hpc nay dupc to' chdc tren Idp hpc,
trong phdng thi nghiem, vudn trudng, ngoai ttl tJC d[a
Can tang cudng to chiirc cho HS trai nghiem sang
tao, phat huy tieh tich cue hpc tap, ket hop giira hpe
\kp ea nhan vdi nhdm Dua vao muc tieu day hpc bp
mdn, muc tieu giao dye BDKH va md'i quan he giQa
npi dung sinh hpc voi npi dung BDKH dexac djnh
myc tieu, npi dung, PP, phuong tien day hpc THGD
BOKH trong cae hoatdpng hoe tap cua HS
- Biin phap kithuitQeMet ke cac hoatdpng TH,
GV su dung cac bien phap kT thuat sau: su dyng
phuong tien tmc quan;tochLictiUc hanh,thi nghiem,
tdehuctrpchoi;dayhpetheo d u a l , ddng vai; day hpc
giai quyetvan de, van dap tim tdi, thao luan nhdm, kT
thuat cong nao, kTthuat XYZ
•Biinph^tochdcMon S/n/i/?pcdtmdngTHPT
cd nhieu n a dung mang tinh thuc tiln cao g ^ lien vdi
cac van de moi tnrdng va BDKH Do vay, de THG D
BDKH trong day hpc bd mon, GV td'chuc eho HS
tham quan, cfieu tra khao sat thi/c te, ndi chuyen
chuyen de ve BDKH; eho HS thue hien di/ an frii/c
nghiem ve BDKH, nghien cuu tn/dng hpp ve BDKH;
to chire cac cau lac bp HS hanh dpng vi BDKH; glao
due hudng nghidp, day nghe nong nghiep Ti^ do,
nhan gay d nhilm mdi tn/dng, gay phat thai khi nha
kinh, tac hai cua BDKH Dong thdi, HS thay dxiqc y
nghTa cua cac bien phap iJng phd vdi BDKH, vai \\t
tn/dng, tuyen tnjywi thi/c hien cac hoat dpng giam
nhe,thichiingvdi^BDKHvaren luygn kTnang tochiic
hoatdpng tap the, kTnang iing phd vdi BDKH
Cong cy kiem tra, danh gia ket qua hqc tap THGD
BDKH trong mdn Sff7/j/7pcdupcfriietkephu hop vdi
muc tieu DHTH Cac bai kiem tra baogom: kiem tra
viet, kiem tra tht/c hanh, phong van, trSc nghiem thai
dcrtianhvi;tdchuctrdchoigiaiquyettinh hudng nhlm
danh gia hanh vi, thai dp bao ve mditardng, iing phd
vdi BDKH ciia HS Oac bai kiem tra dupc thiet ke
dam bao ti le phu hpp gii/a khdi luong kien ttiu'e Sinh
hpc va BDKH
2.3 Tochdc day hgc, danh gia ket qua THGD
BBKH trong mon Sinh hgc a trudng THPT
2.3.1 Thuc hien bai^iang.Ca.cba\ day IH duoc
thuc hiSn ttieo quan ^ e m day hpc tich cue, hpc tSp
tfldng qua cae hoatdpng trai nghiem sang tao Npi
dung bai hpc dam bao myc tieu, tinh vira sue
2.3.2 Kiem tra kit qua hgc tap ciia HS Sau khi
hpc xong tiJng bai, viec kiem tra, danh gia ketqua hpc
tap TH tap tn/ng vao 2 nhdm ndi dung tri ttiirc Sirih
48 Tap chi Giao due so 360
ktiach quan, cdng bang Can k^thop danh gia tiieo chuan va danh gia tfieo tieu chi, ket hop danh gia ket thdng keva phan tich dinh tinh deed ketqua danh gia chinh xac
2.3.3.Danhgia,dieuchinh.lrBnc(Jsakeiq[ia\\oc
tap cua HS, GV nhan xet, danh gia hieu qua, mirc dp tJatduoc myc tieu day hpc THGD BDKH.Ddng tfidi,
G V ed Sl/ cung cd lai cac bien phap, kT ttiuat day hpc
THGD BDKH ttnng day Sinh hgcva dieu chinh (neu
can thiet) nhlm dathieu qua hon khiday hpc Tdm lai, TH la mpt quan diem day hpc hien dai
n h l m hudng tdi mue tieu phat ttien nang lyc ngudi hpc, lam cho qua trinh day hpc ludn g i n v d i h y c tiln cupc sdng Viec THGD BDKH trong day hpc mdn trinh khoa hpc se gitjp HS vija ITnh hpi dupc tii ttiib
khoa hpc, vda giao dye y ttiiirc giu gin va bao ve moi
tnrdng cung nhuhinh ttianh nhi/ng kTnang ting pho
vdi BDKH cho cac em U
Tdi li^u tham khdo
1 HoSng Thi Kim Huyfin - NgO VSn Hung - Nguyfin
v a n Khai - D$ng Duy Lai - Dinh Thj Kim Nhung
Gido d^c ling phd vdi biin dd'i khi h^u trong mdn Sinh hgc cdp trung hgc phd thdng Tai li£u tap huin
cua BO GD-DT, 2012
2 Nguyfin TSt Thang 'Tich hop giao due bifin d6\
khi hau trong d^y hpc trdng trpt, lam nghidp mOn
Cdng nghi 10 trung hpc phd thOng" Tgp chi Cido dvc sd 244, thdng 8/2010
3 TrSn DUc T u i n "Giao dye bifin ddi khi h^u vi sij phdt ttiln bfin v(mg trong gido dgc chinh quy va phi
chinh quy" Bdn tin Gido dftc biin ddi khihau vi su
phdt triin bin vang Trung ldm nghifin cihi hpc tap
giao due vi phat triln bfin vflng, Tniclrng Dai hpc sir ph^mHd NOi 2012
4 Xavier Roegiers Khoa S i r p h a m tich h o p hay ldm
thfi ndo di p h d t t r i l n cdc ndng luc cr nha trirong
NXB Gido df/c 1996
SUMMARY
Climate change is the bluest challenge of human-ity In this 21st century Integrating climate change educatiorrlnto Biology at high school enable student
to absorb knowledge and skill In order to tackle cli-mate Issues In reality This article alms to provide principles and process of Integrating climate change education in teaching Biology at high school level Implementation of these findings will improve stu-dents' knowledge, skills and awareness to combat climate change through leaming Biology