N H I N RA NUOC NGOAI CHINH SACH THU HUT, TUYEN DUNG GIANG VIEN DAI HOC CUA MOT SO NUdC TREN THE Gldl VA BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM NCS VU Dire LE* Dd gfip phfa thgc muc tieu dfil mdi cm bfa, to[.]
Trang 1N H I N RA NUOC N G O A I
CHINH SACH THU HUT, TUYEN DUNG
GIANG VIEN DAI HOC CUA MOT SO NUdC TREN THE Gldl
VA BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM
NCS VU Dire LE*
Dd gfip phfa thgc muc tieu dfil mdi
cm bfa, tofa dign ndn giio due dai
hpc (GDDH), mdt trong nhtag
itoflm vu cdp bich hfag diu li phai phit
trien mmh, bdn vtog dfii ngu gifag vidn
dgi hpc ei vd sfi lumg va chdt lumg vfli co
eau, ty lg hgp ly Thfli gian qua, dfli ngfl
gifag vifln, bfln egta totog dfing gdp quan
ttpng chp su phit tridn ndn GDDH cda dit
nudc vto cdn cdn bfic lfi mpt so bgn chg
nhdt djto Vi viy, vige nghign c t o tatog
bdi hpc kinb nghigm cua mdt sfi qufic gia
phat tridn vd chita sich, chidn lupc, giii
phip xiy dtog vi phit tridn dpi ngu gitog
vifln dai hpe se giup ehdng ta cd cii nhin
tnto dien, khich quan, thvrc td hen dfii vdi
dfii ngu giing vifln trong nufic, tu dfi, ggi
md tatog hufag tigp cm mfii dd bfi sung,
hofa toen cie chita sdch phu hgp, khi to
tadm xiy dtog vi phit tridn dpi ngu gifag
vifin dgi hpe Vigt Nam, dip tog ygu ciu dio
tgo ngudn nhfa te ehdt lirong can, phgc
vg sg nghidp cdng nghigp hda, hign dgi bda
va hdi tadp qufic te
1 Chfta sich thu hdt, tuydn dgng gidng
vidn dgihpcdmfitsfi qufic gia bdn thg gidi
a Hpp chung quoc Hoa Ky
Vfii hg thfing GDDH da dgng (tratag
cfing lap, tramg ta thuc, tratog cfing
dfing ) d i dio tgo dupc mfit ngufin toan lgc ehit lutag eao, chigm tdi 40% tfing sfi lge lumg lao dfing qufic gia Nhtog nim qua, Hoa Ky da thuc hidn chinh sich tip tnmg ddu ta ngm sdch dd phdt tridn he
thfing gido due qufic gia Ty le chi ngdn'^ sdch cho giio dgc, dio tgo ttong tfing gii tri^
sfa phim quoc nfli (GDP) lufln d muc cao (13,72%) so vfii Uid gidi (4%) Ngufin kmh phf Chfta phd Ufln bang ddu ta cho GDDH gdm ngufin cho sinh vign vay trgc tigp va nggfin eho cac giio su xudt sic nghifln euu Theo bang xdp hmg cdc tratag dgi hpc trfln thg gidi nim 2012 - 2013 cua Tgp chi Giao due Ttaes Higher Education, Hoa Ky
cd 76/200 cic tiutag dgi hgc ttgn thd gidi duge xgp hmg (chigm 38%), trgng dfi 7 tinmg tfip 10 (70%); 333 gidi Nobel/800 glii (chidm 41,6%) - la qufie gia efi taidu nhi khoa hpc dpat giii Npbel nhdt ttdn thd gidi ttong hnn 100 nim qua
Chinh sich taydn dgng cua Hoa Ky khfing nghifing vd vigc xem xet die didm cfing vi6c hay vi to' viflc ldm m i thvrc hign thong qua xdt duygt hfi so td khip noi tten
thg gifii vi phfing vfa tore tidp Tifiu chudn
gitog vign dai hpe it toit phil cfi bfag thgc
* D?i h9C Hai Dirong
Q TIIP CHi Q U A N Lf NHA NUdc - sd 239 (12/2015)
Trang 2sy vi hiu hgt cfi bfag tign sy moi cfi thd Idm
don xin vao tratag Thfing qua cie bufic
nfip hfi so, phdng vdn vi thuygt minh ve
cic cfing tr'mh khoa hgc mfit each efing
khai tgi tnrmg, eic sinh vifln cfi quydn
tham du vi cho y kien Ndu dupc tofa vdp,
hg se thd viflc trpng mfit sfi nim nhdt djta,
thutag d vj to' gifag vifln cdp 1 (cfin gpi l i
giio su ttg ly - assistant professor) Trong
khping thdi gian niy, bp phai gifag bii,
nghidn c t o va ed sfa phdm ngiiign eto,
xudt bfa trgn cdc tgp chi khoa hgc Ddn
cufii ky thu vigc, hfi so cda hg se dugc mflt
hfli ddng dfic lip, gfim ea giio su trong
trafag vi ngoii tramg xem xflt vi bd phigu
kin dd quydt djnh hp cd dd nfag lge lam
giing vien kbdng Ngu duge thfing qua,
giing vien mfii ehinh thdc vao "bifln chd"
eua OTitag Ngpii ra, Hoa Ky da thue hign
chita sich mdi cie tai khoa hpc, giip su
cd trinb dfi can, uy tin tu eic nufic trgn thg
gifli, cac tai doanii nghiflp vd thgc tap, hgp
tdc nghidn cto vi phfii hgp gifag dgy, tham
gia cic de tii khoa hpc, hfif thip Cung vfii
chign lupc phit tridn giin dge - ddo tao,
vige diu tu khoa hgc - cflng nghg vi thgc
hign chita sich thu hut nhfa tii, tgo moi
tnrong, didu kign lam vide thufa lpi chp dgi
ngfl giin su vi cic nhi khoa hpc hpgt dfing
dugc eoi li ba tru cfit qum trpng, tgo tifl'n
dd tato rflng va pbat huy vai ttfl, tiid mgta
cua ddi ngfl tiri tiidc, dua Hoa Ky ldn vj tt
cufag qufic sfi mfit ttdn thd gifii
b Cpng hda Lidn bangDdc
Tfing ngfa sich ddu ta cho giio due eda
Due bfag nim li 5% GDP (trong dd GDDH,
cao dfag chidm 24%) Cie tratag dgi hpc
dugc giao quydn tg ehu vi cd tidng ndi rdt
quan ttgng ttong viec phfa bign cdc chito
sdch, cde vdn dd vd kiioa hpc edng nghe
Hien Due cd khnfag 320 ttufag dgi hgc, cao
ding vi thu hut h m 2 triflu smh vign Dfli
ngu gifag vifln dgi bpc bon 110 nghin ngudi
ttong dd cd 40 nghin ngiroi l i giio su Nhtag die didm nfii bit cua hg thfing dgi hgc Due li: thfing nbit giua giio dge dio tgo vi nghign eto khoa hgc, totog tod khoa hge lta dg'u la tatog ngudi thdy; cdc gimg vifln dugc gifag dgy tg do gfa Ud'n vdi iiogt ddng nghidn eto dfic lip; eic hpe vifln dugc tg do chpn trutag, tu do to chpn giio
su, n g i t a hpc, cich hpc vi thfli gim hpc Sita vifln dupc ddi xd nhu mflt ngufli trumg thdta, dpe lip vd cfi trich itogm voi cfing vigc cua mita Cic trutag dai hgc ctog dit ra tatog tigu chufa nghigm ngat ttong viec taydn chpn gifag vign
c Xinh-ga-po Vdi chign lupc xiy dtog, Ufln kgt cic
tratag dgi bgc phuong Tiy tgi ddt nufic, thu hut, su dung gidng vien ngogi qufie, dung tidng Anh lam ngfin ngfl gifag dgy chita, Xinh-ga-po cfi mpt hg thfing giio due khi die bigt, lign tgc dugc xgp hmg eao ttpng danh sieh eic nude cd ndn giio dgc tifln tidn taat thg gidi trong 10 nim qua Theo bio cio The Learning Curve
2014 cda Cflng ty Giio dgc Pearson, be thfing giio dge Xinh-ga-po dtag hgng 3 d chiu A, chl sau Hfa Qufie va Nhit Bfa Chita sich thu hut gifag vign eao cip eda Xinh-ga-po ed nhidu didm khd gifing Hoa Ky, rdt bii bfa vi mang tinh chuyen nghiflp cao: dit ra mge tiflu thu hdt niifa tdi trude, sau dd mfii tidn hata phfa cfing cfing vigc eu the
Xita-ga-po da ban hfah toidu co chd, chfto sach uu dii, dugc thvrc hign dfing bfi
tu Chita phd, Bg Giao dge ddn cdc trutag dgi hpc dd tao dieu kign, mfii tratag lim viee, doi sfing vit chat, tinh thfa, co hfii thfag Udn nghe nghigp, co hfli nghign cto cho dpi ngu giing vien ngufli nuflc ngoii mufin ldm vige tgi Xinh-ga-po Chita phu Xinh-ga-pn d i xiy dtog chita sieh taydn mp toto tdi nufic ngnai
Trang 3cfi kita nghiem vi chit lumg tfit tau dfin
bay vd tafa khau dd bu ddp vio sg todu
hut tofa luc ttong nufic Chita tad chita
sich niy ngn cie giio su, Ugn sy tu khdp
noi trgn thg gidi, die bigt li eie nufic phit
trign dgn gifag dgy vi nghifln eto tai
Xita-ga-pp ngdy cfag tfag Hien tgi, sfi lugng du
hoc sinh ddn Xita-ga-po rat Ifa va nude
niy ctag la mdt ttong nhtog trung tim dio
tgo uy tin cda thg gioi vfli cic tratag dgi
hpe dmh tigng, nhu Dgi hpc Cflng nghe
Nanyang (NTU), Hpe vign phit todn qufa
ly Xinh-ga-pn (MDIS), Dgi hoc Qufle gfa
Xita-ga-po (NUS), Trutag Dgi hpe Quan
triXita-ga-pp
Dd thu hut tafa tdi, Xita-ga-po cd bfin
trang tim voi nhidu bufic hd trg ngufin
nhfa te ngfie ngoii djta cir Tnmg tim
t t a ngufli tii; Trung tam gidp smh vifln cfl
ky nang lim viec vi tieh Ifly kita nghigm;
Trang tim gfa kdt vdi doata nghigp va giao
due vd Tnmg tam hfi trg phit ttdn til nfag
Chita sdcb cua Xinh-ga-po ve tafa lgc
ctag ed hai cich thde rd ret, dd li uu dai,
thu hut lao dgng chit lumg can vd lam viflc
cho Xita-ga-po vi chu trpng dan tgp thep
dja chi, tlu tnrong dfii vfii lap dfing dja
phuang Tu nim 1997 ddn nay, giao due
Xmh-ga-po ehuyen hufag mgto, hufag tfii
sg sfag tgo, dfii mdi vi nghien eto Hon 1
tteu toa khoa hgc, ky thuit vi quto ly eao
cdp ngudi nudc ngoai dugc mdi ddn gitog
dgy va nghifln cto d cic ttrong dgi hpc vi
vifln nghifln eto Xmh-ga-po Su giao thoa
tti thlic, kita nghiflm, phong each trong
qua trinii dio tgo, nghifln cto, hgp tie trgn
nhieu lito vvrc da gflp phto ntog cao chdt
lutag dfii ngfl gifag vifln ttong nude cua
Xita-ga-pp
d Tnmg QuSc
Nim 2012, Trang Qufic da chi hon 1
nghin ty tafa dfa tg cho nghifln c t o va
phit tridn va ban 700 ty nhfa dfa te cho GDDH Dd thu hut cic chuyfln gia, giao su gifii vd cic tramg dgi hpe trpng nude, tu gifla tatog nam 90 thg ky XX, Tnmg Qude
d i khdi xufag chita sich dai ngd mflt lto (cd thd ifln dgn 1 ttigu nhfa dfa tg), thfag chuc, ttg cdp tai d, thim ehi tfag cfa hp cho gifag vifln Cd hai ttumg dgi hpc cua Trang Qufic Ipt vio top 100 btog xdp hgng dgi hpc thd gidi cua Ttaes Higher Educa-tion Theo chd tratmg, chinb saeh eua Trung Qufic, vific thu hut ngudi tai dugc thuc iilfln thflng qua "Kd hoaeh 100 ngudi" mdi nam cua Vign Hin lim Khoa hgc Trung Qufic va "Kg hoach nha khoa hpc Trafag Giang" cda Bg Giio due "Kd hogch
100 ngudi" dugc thvrc bifln tu nam 1994, la bign phip die bfgt cflng khai moi dd lua chgn nhto tdi trong va ngodi nufic, mdi ngufii dugc gidp 2 trieu nhto dfa te dd giing day nghifln c t o vi tridn khai khoa hoc mui nhpn, muc dich todm dan tgp, bdi dumg mpt lop tadn tdi Trung Qudc dam nhigm sd mgta trong cac linh vyc khoa hpe,gfio duc-dio tgoeugthgky XXI va kd hogcii nay da lua chgn duge htm 230 nhfa tii trong ntrdc va ngoii nudc
"Kg hpgch tai khpa hpc Tramg Gitog"
da mdi 114 ngudi dim taigm euong vj giao
su eda cic trutag dgi hpc Chinh sieh niy tuin thu nguygn tie cgnh tranh rdng rii gifla cie tai khna hpc Trung Qude treng nude vi cie tai khoa hpc nude ngoif ttong vigc dtog ky thvrc hign cic de tii, du fa trpng didm
Nhd vdy, chi sau mfit thdi gim ngdn, Trang Qufic da dgt dugc totog t h i t a cfing nhdt djta ttong vigc thu hut cic gifag vifln cap cap nufic ngoiL Hoa kieu va quan ttpng hon, khfch lg dugc dfif ngfl gifag vign trong nudc vuon Ign Hign nay, Trung Qufic dang thay ddf quan niem vd chita sieh thu hut ngufli tii dnufic ngoii nfii chung vi dfii
Trang 4ngu gifag vifln nfii rigng, dfi li, khfing cfa
ttd vd djta cu tgi qug huong m i lim viec,
smh sfing tgl nufic sd tgi va phge vu Tnmg
Qufic bfag lam viee bfa thfli gian, bfag
chat xim, btog diu ta cda mita
e Han QuSc
Quy trinh tayen dtag gifag vifln cda
Hfa Qufic dugc tiigc hien cflng khai, cgta
trata cflng bfag va duge kigm sodt bdi don
vi qufa ly nhan sg trang uong (Bfi Hata
ehinh cflng vi An ninh) thflng qua td chue
to taydn tip trung, trong khi he thfing
taydn dmg dvia tten die diem nghd nghigp
duge qufa ly bfii dem vj q u m ly tato su
trang uong vi cic co quan Ugn quan khic
Cic dg to "Chit xim Hto Qufic 2005
-2012"," Ngfii sao dgi hpc" da dugc ttidn
khai vdi mge tigu tfag cutag nfag lgc
gifag dgy va nghign cto de Hfa QuSc efi it
tadt 5 trutog dgf hgc nim ttnng data sich
nhtog tratag dgi hgc hing ddu thd gifii,
ddng thdi nhim thu but tuydn dgng
khuang 50 "gido su - ngdi sao" ddn gifag
day cdc chuong tttatiinfag, chufabjehn
qude gia ed tag cu vign dat giii thutag
Nobel ttong 10 nim tdi
f Ma-lai-xi-a
Chita phu d i dua ra chito sieh die
bigt dd thu hut nhfa tii, bao gfim: (1)
Chuong tt'mh tbu nhfa cic nhi khoa hgc
Ma-lai-xi-a vi ngogi qufie dupc ttidn khai
ta nim 1995 dp Bfi Khoa hpc vd Cfing nghg
didu phfii vdi muc tigu eu thd taim thu bdt
eic tai khoa bpc Ma-lal-xi-a vi ngpgi qufie
phgc vg ygu can nghifln cto phit tten
ttpng cae vign nghign cto cua Chita phd
vi cic tnrong dgi hge; (2) Chirong trita hfii
huong cua cie chuygn gia Ma-lai-xi-a d
nudc ngoii dupc ttidn khai ta nim 2000
taim thu hut cic tt tiiiic Ma-lai-xi-a sfing
~|ni{oc ngoii trd vd phgc vg cie vien
I c t o vi cflng nghigp Ma-lai-xi-a
Muc tieu cua Chugng trita niy li tao ra Ivrc lutag lao dflng dfag cdp qufie td Chirong trita dugc giao cho Bfi Nhfa te thuc hign
g Thii Lan
Chito phu Thii Lm d i dd xudt totog chita sach tadm phit ndn gitog due, tair ttog sfi lumg gifag vifln ttong cdc lita vvrc khoa hgc va cflng nghe, edp hge bfing cho cic gimg vifln khoa hge vi cfing nghfl cflng tau tten khai taifl'u ehfta sich mang lgi l<pi ich xi hfii eho cic gifag vifln
Dg fa "Dao dfing chit xim" dupc bit ddu nam 1996 vi phfii hgp voi cie higp bfii chuygn gia Thii Lan d hii ngngi, cung cdp tii chita dd thu hut eic chuyen gia ngufli Thii Lm d Bic Hoa Ky, chiu Au vi Nhgt Bfa chuydn hto hay tgm thfli vd Thii Lm
Du to niy dupc Chita phd Thii Lm cung cdp 2,2 ty bgt toim thu hut totog ehuygn gia Thii Lan d nudc ngoii vd lim vige trong eic CO quan dfa su, cic trutag dgi hpc dd tidn hinh cnng tic nghign eto vi dip tgp cung vdi cic chuyfln gia trong nufic Cue Phit Wen khoa hpe va cfing nghg de xudt cung cdp mfit khnfa tii chito cho totog ngufii mufin vdolimvigcttongeiccoquan dto su, cic tnrong dgihpedebudip tatag ehi phi dao tgo eda hg, tong cfing Ign tdi 3,5 ttgu bat/ngudi
2 Nhtog bdi hpc kuih nghigm cfi thd ip dgng cho Vigt Nam
Thunhat, ttog budc giim bdt su tbam
gia ttJC Udp cua cbita phd ttong vige eung cap djch vu GDDH, tao hdta lang phip ly, tfag cufag tita tu chd vd ttich niiigm xi hfii dfii vfii cic trumg dgi hpc, tau mdrdng dgi hpc ta thuc, hpp dfing gian viec qufa ly vfa h i t a mfit sfi dgi hpc cfing lip eho tu tofa hoic cpng dfing (Ma-lai-xi-a, Trung Qufie )
Thdhai, md rdng su gto kdt giiia tramg
dgi hpc vdi nfl'n kita te va cfing dfing dnata
Trang 5nghigp, tau chuong trita ddo tao theo don
dit htog, chn phdp t h i t a lap cdc cfing ty
djch vu hnic "kita doato mgo hidm" d cic
trutag dgi hpc (Tnmg Qufic, Ma-lai-xi-a),
didta lap tramg dai hpc ttong cie cfing ty
lm, chn phdp cac gifag vign ldm viec bfa
thfli gian deic doata nghiSp
Thd ba, ttog quydn tu ehu cho cdc
tramg dai hpe cflng lap (Thdi Lan ) di
kdm vfli trich nhigm xi hpi vi thvrc hien
tuyen dgng cflng khai, mmh bgch
Thd tu, "dnata nghigp hfia, tip dnto
hfia" cic dai hpc qufic gia (Hoa Ky
Ma-lai-xi-a ): quin ly nhi tratag dupc eoi nhu
quto trj d mpt doata nghigp, bg thfing kfl
toto giong tou d cdc cdng ty, khuydn khieh
xiy dtag "vfin riflng d trutag dgi hgc edng
lip" taudXito-ga-po, Ma-lai-xi-a
Cd the thdy, eic qude gia deu rat qum
tim ddn vige xay dvmg chien lupc, lap kg
hpgch ngudn tofa lge dfii vfli dpi ngfl
gifag vifln dd bin dam cho dfii ngfl niy
khfing hi bfag hut Vigc tuydn dtag mdi
phii dtrpc didu chita thufag xuygn de bin
dam sg tidp nfii gifla cic dfi tufii, cd su ra
snit dfii vfii tatag dfii tupng sip ngbi huu
vi tatog vj in cfa bd sung Ngoii ra, quy
hogeh nhin su eung li mfit trnng nhtog
itogm vg quan ttgng dfif vdi cdng tic taydn
dtag vi su dgng dfii ngfl gifag vign dgi hgc
Tu nhtog kita nghigm vd thuc hign
chita sich eua cie qudc gia ttgn, cd thd rut
ra mdt sd bdi hgc tham khio trong qui
trita xiy dtog chito sich thu hut, tuyen
dung gitog vien eie tratog dgi hge cfing
lap d Vigt Nam:
Mptia, vige phit bign, thu hut vi ttgng
dii dfii ngfl gifag vifln cfa dugc nhdn
mgta vi coi ttpng, bdi diy l i cfl miy cii
ddo tao tofa tdi Trong lich su Viet Nam
cdng nhu d mfit sfi qufic gia trfln thd gidi
deu rit qum tim dgn phit ttidn giio dge
ddo tao va chidn lugc con ngufii, die bigt la chidn luge tafa tii
Hai li, viflc xay dvmg chifln lupc, lap kg
hpach ngufin gifag vign taim bio dam cd
su tidp nfii cae the hg gifag vifln tii ntog lufin dupc CPi li mflt ttong tatog khau quta ttpng trong qufa ly vi phit ttidn ngufin tafa lgc
Ba Ii, efing tdc taydn dgng cfa dupc die
bigt quan tdm Du trong hg thfing ehiic nghiep hay theo he thong viec lam, de dugc eoi li gitog vign cfi ntog lge vi sau niy co the dugc cdt tode, bfi nhigm vip cie vj tti gifag dgy, nghign cto, tog cuvifin phai ttai qua cupc tuydn ehpn ngiiigm ngit mito bgch vi mang tita egta ttata cao
Bon la, xiy dtog chita sieh ttgng dmg,
dii ngfl thfia dfag, tgo mfii ttufag ldm viec dfa ehd, tdn ttgng gifag vifln Xiy dtog dfii ngfl gifag vien dai hpc dd vd sfi lutag, bao dim vd chat lumg Bfln cgta vigc dio tao ttong nude, dfii ngfl gifag vien dgi hpc cdn dupc gui di dip tgo d t a t o g qufic gia cfi ndn giio due Ufln tign Ngoai ra, edn thu hut tatag giao su, chuygn gia, tatog tai hogt dfing thge tidn tii nfag li Vigt kifl'u hogc ngirdi ngogi qufic tham gia vao dfli ngfl ein
bg gifag dgy bae dgi hge d Vigt Ngm
JVfai li, pbat ttdn ddi ngfl gifag vifln
pbil dvia ttfln co sd kg thda vi phiit huy gii trj vto hda trayen thfing kdt hpp vdi tiep thu Uta hna vfa hda tafa logi Nhtog gia
M nay cfa dupc kg thua vd phdt huy ttong didu kign hdi tagp qudc tgo
Tii Ugu tiiam khto:
1 Nito Nhgt Cicnudcttdn the gidi thu hit
va ttpng dung nhto til nha thg nio!
Dantri.com vn
2 Chign lapc phit ttiin gia'o due Vidt Nam giai doan 2011 - 2020 (ban hinh kem tiieo Quyit dinh sff 711/QD-TTg ngiy 13/6/2012 cia Thi tudng Chlnh phil
o TiJlP CHi Q U A N Lf N H A NUdc - s d 239 (12/2015)