NANG GAD CHAT lUIING OAY HDG MDN VAT il t T M G TRDNG HDG GllSi NGUYEN SV TRONG ThS NINH Q U O C HUY'''' Day hpc (DH) dinh hudng phattrie''''n ning luc ngudi hpc la hinh thfle DH g in lien^vdi thuc hanh, tr[.]
Trang 1NANG GAD CHAT lUIING OAY HDG MDN VAT il t T M G TRDNG HDG GllSi
NGUYEN SV T R O N G - ThS NINH Q U O C HUY'
Day hpc (DH) dinh hudng phattrie'n ning luc
ngudi hpc la hinh thfle DH g i n lien^vdi thuc
hanh, trai nghiem Dieu do dupc khing djnh
qua viec ttiue hien cac md hinh tiudng hpe mdi VNEN,
md hinh tn/dng hpe Isehool, phuong phap ban tay^
nan bdt, DH tare quan va tiiuc hanh Tuy nhien, de
van dyng €{jqc nhflng hinh tiiflc DH nay ddi hdi phai
tdi uu hda dflpc dieu kien, dddung, phuong tien,tiiiet
bj DH d tii/dng tnjng hpc co sd (THCS), hpc sinh
(HS)ti^cankien tiiflc mdn l/af//chuyeutiieophupng
thflc quy nap, phan Idn c i c ket luin khoa hpc deu
dupe rut ra ti) tiiinghiem (TN) hoac dupc kiem chutig
bing TN Tuy viy, trong dieu kien eua cac trudng
mien nuitinh Lang Son, dieu kien ve cosdvat chat ndi
chung, cac TN vat li ndi rieng edn kha khiem tdn De
dap flng yeu cau ddl mdi giao due sau nam 2015, dac
biet la tang cfldng DH tiiyc hanh nhim phat tiien nang
luc ngfldi hpc, viec x i y dung bpTN tflnhflng vat lieu
quen thudc, dd kiem, giathanh ha ket hpp vdi bpTN
giao khoa hien hanh l i ratquan trpng vacan thie't
I.Danh gia thuc trang bpTN V i t li giao khoa
hien hanh dcac trudng THCS tinli Lang Son
Quatiiuctedugid,td'chflc ngoai khda va hdi thao
danh gia thuc trang bd TN V i t li giao khoa hien hanh
dcactn/dngTHCSti-endiatinh Lang Son,chung tdi
nhin ttiay: So lupng va chit lupng dung cy TN co
ban d i dap iJmg nhu cau giang day Irong cac gid hpc
chinh klida ddi vdi cac tardng vung 1,2; vung 3 cdn
han che Sdlupng v i chat Iflpng TN vecac ndi dung
"Nhiet hoc", "Dien hoc", 'Bao toan vachuyen hda nang
Iflpng" con kha khiem tdn Mat khac, cae dung cy TN
khdng dong bp, khd sfl dung, khd thiet ke; mdt sd
dung cu khdng dam bao linh chlnh xac; thie'u TN dpn
gian, tulam Ben canh dd, cac hoat dpng ngoai khda
V^t li cua HS THCS nhu bie'u dien TN; thiet ke do
dung, dung cu TN; thi tim hieu, giai thieh hien tupng
vat li hoac tim hie'u ve nhflng nha Vat li hoc; to' chflc
long ghep hoat ddng ngoai khda Vat li vdi cac mdn
hoc khae deu can den dyng cy TN, bien nhflng djnh
li, dinh luat khd khan trd nen gan gui vdi cudc sd'ng;
34 Tap chi Gido due so 364
kich thich hung tiiu va tinh tich cue hpc tip; HS dupc trai nghiem vditiiyc tesinh ddng, Mat khac, do sflphat trien manh me eua khoa hpe kT thuit, su bung no thdng tin, HS ngay nay cdxu hudrig tiidng mlnh hon
HS tn/dc d i y cung dp tudi, nhu cau hie'u biet vupt ra khoi ndi dung chfldng trinh DH quy djnh trong nha tn/dng Vi viy, mong mudn dupc tiep can bpTN vat lidPn gian d c i c trudng THCS tren dia ban tinh Lang Son la cd til ue, d i e biet la dung cuTN danh cho hoat ddng ngoai khda
Cd nhieu nguyen nhan anh hudng den sdlupng
va chat Iflpng dung cy TN V i t li hien hanh dtrudng THCS tren dja ban tinh Lang Spn:
1.1 Cac tn/dng THCS dupe eung ci'p bd dyng
cu TN (dong bp vdi bd sach giao khoa) tfl nam iipc 2001-2002 Qua 12 n i m sfldung, cac trudng tubao tri, bao dudng theo kinh nghiem dan tdi nhieu dung cu
da huhong hoic hettiidigian sfldung, dien hinh la bp
dyngcuTNDien vaDi^ntfl(l'af//7va Vatti9}.C6
nliOng dung_ cy chi thieu mdt chi tiet nho do khdng dupe ci'p bd' sung va khdng de kiem tren thj tn/dng nen eung khdnq sudyng dupe, mptsdtiirdng THCS
d i tie'n hanh bd sung nhung khdng thudng xuyen Ben canh dd, kinh phi hang n i m de' mua mdi, bd
sung, hJ sua dung cy TN d cac tn/dng THCS cdn
han che
1.2 Nhieu thie't bj dupe thiet ke, lap dat theo
phupng ngang nen khdng dap flng day du cac yeu cau cua TN bieu didn Trong khi dd, loai TN nay chie'm ti le Idn trong ndi dung chuong trinh DH Villi THCS Dien hinh la eae dung cu TN ve "Dien hpc",
"Dien tfl hpe" va "Quang hpc"
1.3 Chfla cd quy trinh thd'ng nhat ve bao quan,
sudungthletbiTN dcac trfldng THCS Nhieu tii/dng chfla coi trpng dung mflc, chfla ehu ddng tiiiet keva sudungTN don gian tflvat lieu quen tiiudc, d l kid'm Cdn hien tflpng y lai, ti"dng ehd cap phat hoic chi DH tiieo dung yeu eau TN nhusach giao khoa
* Tnriing Cao tfang sir pham Lang Son
Trang 2hoatdpng DH ngoai khda Diy la nguyen nhan mang^
tinh dae ttiu cua mdn hpc Thyc te cho tiiay, de ^
eh flc mdtbua ngoai khoa vatii cdhleu qua can nhieu
ttidi ^ian chuan bj, tdn kem ve kinh phi; do dd, can cd
su hd trp tich cue ve eo sd vat chat va ehuyen mdn,
dae biet la bd dyng cu TN phyc vy hoat ddng nay
1.5 Lang So^ la mpt tinh mien nui bien gidi, cd
nhieu die'm trudng, phin hieu tiudng khac nhau, dieu
kien CP sdvat chatva giao tiidng edn khd khan, vivay,
khdng phai lue nio cung cd dieu kien de m ua sim, bo
sung, catgifl, bao dudng ti'ang tiiletbj DH noi chung,
bd mdn Vat li ndi rieng mdt each kip ttidi, day du va
dong bp
Tflttiuetrang neu tren eho thay, viec xiy di/ngbp
dyng cy, ttiiet bj TN ket hpp vdi bd TN giao khoa Vat
//THCS hien hanh la mdt bien phap ning eao chat
lupng DH, dap flng yeu cau ddl mdi glao due trong
giaidoan hien nay
2.Casdxay dung bp dung cuTN nham gdp
phan nang cao chat luong DH mdn Vat lid cae
trudng THCS tinh Lang Son
2.1 Yiu cau: - Bo sung, hd trp bd dyng cu TN
giao khoa hien hanh ti-ong'DH chinh khoava ngoai
khoa mdn Vat tia tii/dng THCS; - So lupng va chat
lupng bddyng cy TN phai phfl hc^ chuong trinh Vit
It THCS hien hanh, dap flng nhu cau ttiuc tecua bd
mdn.cdtiieap dyng linh hoattrong DH chuong trinli
saeh giao khoa mdicua Bd GD-DT sip ban hanh;
-VitlieudPngian,dikiem, gia tiianh ha, sudung an
toan, hieu qua, dip flng nhu eau DH cua 3 loai tn/dng
ttiudc vung 1,2,3 tren dja ban tinh Lang Son
2.2 Car sdxay dungbg TN Nhdm nghien cflu
d i xiy dflng va sd dyng bd TN mdn Vat tia tardng
THCS dfla tren cp sd sau: - Danh gia tiiuc ti^ng bd
TN mdn l/af/Zd cac trudng THCS ti^en dja ban ti'nh
Lang Son thdng qua viec dugid, tham Idp; to chflc
hoat ddng ngoai khda, hdi ttiao; tiung eau y kien cua
giao vien cae tn/dng THCS va giang vien, sinh vien
Tn/dng CDSP Phan loai eae dyng cy TN tiieo tieu
chivesdlupngvachatlupngdedexuitgiaiphap lam
mdi hay eai tien;-Thao luin vecac giai phap lam mdi
hoac cai tien dung eyTN,uu tien eho nhflng dyng eu,
ttiiet bi ma mot dyng eu cd ttie'sudung linh hoat va
hieu qua cho nhieu TN khae nhau; - Xay dung quy
tririh lam mdi hoic cai tie'n tflng dyng cy TN va each
tiiflc bao tri, bao dfldng; - Lfla chpn nguyen v^t lieu
quen tiiupc, d l kiem, gia tiiinh ha detiiiet keva eai tie'n
tiJng dyng cy TN; - Kiem tta dp tin ciy cua cac dung
cy TN bing each tien hanh TN ttiu vdi sfl danh gia
DH va tien hanh ngoai khda d tii/dng THCS vd^ bd
TN d i x i y dung;-Danh gii vahieu chinh bpTN qua tiii/cte'DH
2.3 Mdt sdsan pha'm da dugc thiet ^e N hdm
nghien eflu da tien hanh tiiiet ke'vi cai tien 104 TN, mpt may phat ti'nh dien Trong dd, 47 TN cd tfietien haih DH nhip mdn, gidi ttiieu bai hpc mdi hoic td' chflc hoat dpng ngoai khda; mdt bd dia video eae TN
ttieo tiJng khdi Idp Vat li 6, Vat li 7, Vat li 8, Vat li 9 Bang So h/ong TN caitien vaTNlamm ai
STT
1
3
Ndi dunq Vat li 6 Vat li 8 Tonq conq
T N cai Hfin
0
20
1
20
41
TN lam mdi
14
28
63
2.4 Mgt so'hinh anh mo phong TN mdn Vat li dtrudng THCS (xem hinh tiBng ben) 2.5 tjng dung cac thi nghiem vao thuc tien giangday Nhdm nghien eflu d i tie'n hanh van dyng
eae tiiiet bj TN mdi vao day hpc 126 tiet va td'ehflc
04 budi ngoai khda mdn l^a/Z/d cac ttudng THCS fren dja ban tfnh Lang Son Ketqua cho ttiay: -Thiet
ke da dip ung cac tieu chi cua TN bieu diin, nhieu
HS cung mdt luc quan sat rd eae ehi tiet quan fa'png
va ket qua cua TN Dyng cu TN cd kich ed khac nhau, dap ung yeu eau DH d eae tn/cffig THCS ttiudc vung 3 cua tinh Lang Son; • Bd dyng cy TN
da dang ve tiie loai, tao dieu kien ttiuin lpi cho giao vien lua chpn va su dyng Td' chfle ttiue hien nhieu
TN ngoai khda da dupe ddng dao HS hudng ung, dap ung tdt cho DH tieh hpp (lien mdn); - Bd dia vkleo giup giao vien van hinh cac TN mdi, tao co sd tiiuin Ipi de sudung TN ao, ed the tiiue hien dupc eae TN tuong tu; - Nhieu TN mdi la, giy bit ngd, hi'p din va kieh ttiich hung ttiu hpctap, khie siu va
md rpng vdn hie'u biet cho HS Tien hanh TN cd ttiao tac don gian, kha nang ttianh cdng cao, ket
qua 6\iqc quan sat rd net, cd ttiesudyng trong bieu
dien va ttiuc hanh hoac hoat dpng ngoai khoa bp mdn, cdtinh kha ttii cao; - Bd TN dupe ttiam ducae cupc thi sang tao: Dat huy chupng Dong frong hdi till Nghiep vu sU pham toan qud'e nim 2013 tai Ha Ndi vdi TN'Sundyi nhiet cua chi't rin"va°Mdhinh dudng sit giam tieng ori"; giai Nhi cupc ttii Nghien cflu khoa hpc tiianh tiiieu nien tinh Lang SPn nam
2015 vdi "Md hinh bao chiy va cflu hoa tuddng"
Tap chi Gido due so 364 35
Trang 3'^mtmsM^.^ w^^i^^'^mp^^M^^Sm
-JR kian,giatiianhhadianh hudng tk:h eye den hoat
dpng DH mdn Vat S
THCS, d£^ flng yeu cau
DH Iheo hUGVig ti^ cin nang luc Vivay, cac CO quan giao dye va dao tao can uu tien chl dao xay dung va trien khai quy frinh quan li, sudung bd dung c y v a tiiiet bjTN, eoi d i y la mdt giaiphap hflu hieu tiong ddi mdi giao dye Hang nam, mdicosdgiEbduccan chu ddng x i y dung ke hoach bao fri, bdsung, ttiay tiiedyng cyva ttiiet
bj TN phu hpp vol tinh hinh tiiyc te DH cua don vi •
OaOngauy6i} din huOng aiu b§nbSrig«a laze tmng lihdi
Hinh 1 Mo hinh bao chay ciiu hoa ti/dong
Hinh 2 Hop quang hoc gin tin bang tu" - Sif phan xa
anh sang ten guong cau (om
Tdm Iai, TN ed vai bd d i e biet quan trpng trong
DH mdn l^aZ/rdttudng THCS Qua nhieu n i m sfl
dung, bp dung cy TN giio khoa hien hanh da xudng
caip, khdng dap flng dupc yeu cau ddi mdi DH X i y
dung va sd dung bd TN h> v i t lieu quen tiiupc, de
36 Tap chi Gido due so 364
T a i li^u (ham khao
1 NguySn Due Tham
Phinmg phap day hoc Vilt h' d'truong trung hpc
Cff SO" NXB Dgi hgc su phgm, H 2002
2 P h a m H u u T6ng
LI' \%»kn day hoc V | t U
NXB Dgi hoc supham,
H 2 0 0 5
3 NguySn Vdn Khai P h u o n g p h d p giang day VSt If
a triKDUg pho thong NXB Gido dgc, H 2008
4 NguySn Quang D6ng Phuong phdp td chuc hogt ddng ngogikhod Vdtli&truCmg trung hocphdthdng
Thdi Nguyen 2008
SUMMARY
Generally speaking, students at lower secondary schools often access the knowledge In the Held of scientific results are concluded from or proved by experiments However, that the quality ofexp^^nm' tai facilities is degraded as a result of having been used for many years creates many challenge to meet the requirements of educational Irmovattons Build-ing and usBuild-ing experimental equipment sets from fa-miliar and inexpensive materials bringa aboutpo^-tive results on the teaching and learning process, enabling teachers and students to meet the require-ments of teaching and leaming fjased on com development approaches
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