CHUYEN DE THIET BI DA PHAT TRIEN THIET Bj DAY HOC TIT LAM GOP PHAN THUC HIEN CHI/ONG TRINH GIAO DUC PHO THONG Mdl ThS HivanQu»nh Vifn Khoa hpc gido d^c Vift Nam SUMMARY The article is an overview ofth[.]
Trang 1PHAT TRIEN THIET Bj DAY HOC TIT LAM
GOP PHAN THUC HIEN CHI/ONG TRINH GIAO DUC PHO THONG Mdl
ThS.HivanQu»nh
Vifn Khoa hpc gido d^c Vift Nam SUMMARY
The article is an overview ofthe position, role and effectiveness of DIY teaching equipments (do-it-yourself): some results of survey, selection and propagation of DIY teaching equipments in kindergarten, elementary school, secondary school and high schools Based on the theoretical and practical basis, it recommends some orientations on developing DIY teaching equipments to meet new general education programs
Keywords: Teaching equipment, teaching equipment itself, orientation, capability
Ng^ nhgn Mi: 30/11/2015; Ng^ duy^dOng: 02/12/2015
1 Vifc t h ^ hifD Be in "TSng cudng nSng
1 ^ nghien ciru vi pbit trien thilt bj d^y h^c v l
thiet bj d^y hpc t\r Ikm"
Trong nhftng n5m qua, thilt bj d^y h^c (TBDH)
da d6ng m$t vai tro hit siJrc quan trpng trong vi^c ddi
tdt ca cdc mrdng pho thdng dS dirpc trang bj TBDH
tir \6p 1 din ldp 12 dam bao nhu caiu tdi thilu theo
Danh myc TBDH da dupc BO Gifio dye va Dao t^o
hfing nfim cfic TBDH nfiy hi§n gfip m^t so kh6 khSn
vl ngu6n cung cSp cfic thilt bj, cac chi tilt 16, ngu6n
kinh phi mua sfim b6 sung vfi siia chfta, phuong phap
sua chfta khfic phyc cfic thilt bj hu h6ng trong qui
tv sua chfta, t^r cfii tien TBDH da g6p phfin khfic phyc
chua c6 dieu ki^n mua sfim, thay thl phu hpp vdi tinh
hinh, d$c diem ciia cfic dja phucmg, ca so gifio dye
Trong thyc te, mpt so GV da sfing t?o cfic phan
mem m6 phong, cfic tu li?u, cfic dyng cy thi nghidm
qufi trong vi§c d^y - hpc
Nfim hpc 2007-2008, Bp tnrcmg B$ Gifio dye vfi
Dfio t?o da chinh thftc phat d^ng phong trfio tyr lam
TBDH trong cfic co sd gifio dye marn non vfi pho
thong cfi nudc Nhilu tinh, thfinh pho to chftc cfic
cupc thi ty Ifim TBDH tir cfic ca sd trudng hpc 16n
trfio nfiy dfi tgo ra dupc s6 lupng ldn cfic TBDH gdp
phin vfio qufi trlnh doi mdi phuang phfip, nfing cao
Gifio dye vfi Dfio tgo dfi ra Quyet djnh s6
4045/QD-gido dvc mdm non va pho thong giai doQn
2010-TBDH da dupc trang bj theo danh myc 2010-TBDH toi
thieu, khuyin khich dOng vien cac hogt dpng tv lam
TBDH trd thfinh mOt hogt dOng su phgm thudng
xuyen nhfim gdp phan tich cue doi mdi phuong phfip dgy hpc trong giao dye mam non vfi pho thong giai dogn 2010,-2015" Mpt trong nhung nhi?m vy qua kit qufi ciia cfic hpi thi cap trung uong vfi tinh, chfit lupi^ cao de gidi thifu qufing bfi tren phgm vi TBDH, md tfi cfic s\r vgt, hifn tupng, cfic thi nghifm fio) nhfim xay d\mg hf thing ca sd dii lifu chung vl TBDH tv lfim tren Intemet
Thvc hifn mOt trong nhftng npi dung cua Dl
an "Tdng cir&ng ndngj^c nghien ciru vaphat trien
thiit bf day hgc va thiet bi dgy hoc tv ldm cho Trung
tam NghiSn cuu Cffs& v^t chdt, TBDH, B6 chai tre
em" - Vifn Khoa hpc Giao dye Vift Nam,,thugc De
an "Phdt triin TBDH tv ldm gido difC mdm non va
chftc khfio sfit, tuyen chpn TBDHTL tai mpt so dja Thua Thien - Hue, Da Nflng, TP Ho Chi Minh, Bfi Ria - Viing Tfiu, Tien Giang vfi Long An Qua khfio sfit cho thfiy nhu cau vfi khfi nfing ty Ifim TBDH cua GV rdt fdn Vdi hang trfim TBDH ty tnrdng tdi cdp tinh dfi cho thay sy say m€ sang tgo ngu GV ddu tu tri tuf, thdi gian dupc tuyln chpn dl pho biln nhan rpng tr€n tofin qudc
Thyc hifn nhifm vy vfi ke hogch cdng tfic nfim
2015 ciia Bk fin, Trung tdm dfi mdi G V, cfin bO nghi6n
cftu, cfin bO qufin ly, nhfin viSn thilt bj tnrdng hpc d cfic CO sd gifio dye tren tofin qudc vi6t bfii cho HOi thfio Kit qufi da cd 334 bfii giii vl trong dd: Mam
76 bfii Nhin chung, bfii vilt da dgng, phongphu, phfin b6 d cfic mdn, cdp hpc, chuy€n de ve thiet ke, lupng cao dfing tfii trong ky ylu hOi thfio
Trang 2Trong thfing 11 vfi 1,2 nfim 2015, Vifn Khoa h9C
G,ifio dye Vift Nam dfi td chuc 04 hOi thfio, ^ hufin
v l TBDH vfi TBDH t v ifim tft mam non den trung
huan ve TBDH ty lam cho hon 250 lugt GV, can bp
nghien cftiu cfin bp qufin ly, nhan viSn thiet bi trudng
hpc mOt so trudng vfi c a sd gifio due d cfic phdng
gifio dye, cfic truimg phd thdng vfi mam non tren dja
Thp, Hung Y6n,_Qufing Ninh, Dfikndng, Qufing Tri,
KomTum, Dfi Nfing, Khfinh Hda, Kien Giang
Cfic hOi thfio tap trung vfio mdt so ndi dung nhu:
Tim hilu mOt so vaji de chung ve TBDH, TBDH ty
lfim; Kinh nghifm quan 1y,,bfio qufin TBDH cua cac
trufmg; Hudng dan thiet ke, c h l tgo vfi sft dyng m^t
hpc, THCS vfi trudng THPT Cng dyng cdng nghf
quay kl difu, bO diing dgy hpc da nfing, bO the tft vfi
dyng bfing tuong tfic, phdn m i m Activelnspire ho trp
thilt k l bfii gifing; Thyc hanh sft dung mOt s l TBDH,
Trung hpc pho thdng d cfic mdn: Lich sft, Dja ly,
Thl dye ; HOi thfio lfi djp de GV, cfin bO nghien
nghifm v l TBDH, TBDH tv lfim, lfi mft trong nhftng
CO sd tilm nfing cung cdp nguin mau TBDH, gliip
cho vifc thiet ke sfin xuat vfi trang bi TBDH c6 tinh
dgy hpc d nhfi trudng; Dong thdi tgo tien d l c o bfin
ve nhfin thftc cung nhu kl thufit lfim TBDH gdp phdn
d l phong trfio ty lam TBDH phfit trien cd be rpng,
cd chilu sfiu, kich thich hogt dOng sfing tgo cfta GV
TBDH hifn c6 ddi mdi PPDH d moi nhfi tnrdng gdp
non vfi phi thdng
MOt s l bfii viet dupc Ban t l chuc lya chpn dfing
tren Tgp chi Thifit b\ Giao dye, Tgp chi Khoa hpc
gifio dye Website; phuongtiendayhoc.edu.vn vol
myc dich tgo dieu kifn cho cfic nhfi khoa hpc, cfic
nhfi qufin ly giao dye, rJian vien thilt bi trudng hpc,
cfic thay cd gifio tryc tiep dftng ldp, trao doi, chia se
qufin ly, bfio gufin, thiet kl, sft dyng TBDH, TBDH ty
lfim d cfic cdp nhfim gdp phdn ddi mdi phuang phap
dgy hpc, dfip ftng yeu cau chucmg trinh giao dye phd
thdng mdi
2 M f t s l djiih hirdng phfit triln T B D H T L
Vifc phfit trign TBDH tv lfim theo nhftng djnh
hudng CO bfin sau:
Thft nhdt: Rfi sofit nghien cftu khfic phyc sfta
chfta cfic TBDH dupc trang bj dfi bj hu hdng
Thft hai: Nghien cftu cfii tien cfic thilt bi dfi duprc
Vang bi trong^nhfi trudng cho phii hpp vdi dilu kifn
dgy hpc cy the
Thft ba: Nghien cuu che tao cac TBDH chira dupc trang bi de phuc vu dgy hpc
D I thyc hifn dinh hudng tren, cfin lam tdt cac vifc sau:
Khai thfic sir dung hifu qua^ cac TBDH da dupc trang bi theo danh muc toi thieu ket hpp vdi hoat trong vifc d l i mdi phucmg phap dgy hpc, Ddy mgnh va phat trien cac hoat dpng ty lam TBDH thfinh mgt hoat dpng s u p h a m thudng xuyen pho thdng gdp phan vao m y c dich xay dyng truong hpc thfin thifn, HS tich cue cac thfiy co giao la lam guong ve tv hpc va sang tao
Dau tu cho cac hoat dpng ty lam TBDH phai dfim bfio hifu qua va theo diing cdc quy dinh ciia NhS lupng va hifu qufi phyc vy giang day don_g thdi giara dupc ngan sach nha nudc chi cho mua sfim tryc tiep cfic TBDH khi TBDH t u lam thay the dupc, Nang cao hieu qua su dung T B D H da dirge trang
bi theo danh muc T B D H tdi thieu, khuyen khich dpng vien cfic hoat dpng ty lam TBDH giao due pho Day mgnh cac hoat dgng nghien cinj cai lien, bfio qufin, Idiai thac, sira chfta, sir dyng TBDH da dupc trang bj theo danh muc TBDH loi thieu tai cac trudng pho thong,
Ddy mgnh cac hoat dpng Ur lam TBDH, b l sung them cfic TBDH t u lam co chat lugng va hifu qua
su dyng trong giang day, hpc tap nham phuc vu tai phuong
Thiet bj ty lam phfii tuan thii cac yeu cau chung ciia mOt TBDH, dam bao linh khoa hgc, su pham Khi ty lfim TBDH can can cir vao ngi dung, phuong dfit ra nhftng yeu cau phii hgp
G V chii dpng t y lam T B D H va HS cung co the
ty lfim TBDH GV can huy d p n g H S ciing tham gia kiem, re tien hoac sua chfta cai lien nhftng thiet bi cu hofic nhftng cdng cu lao dgng de lam dung cu tr\ic thyc te, ty hpc, hoat dgng nghien ciru khoa hgc gop chuong trinh giao due pho ihong mdi, Cfin cft yao c h u a n g trinh, npi dung day hgc, TBDH thyc tl tai c a sd, dieu kifn nguyen vat Ijfu, phyc vy tryc tiep qua trinh day hgc ciia minh, Thyc t l T B D H dupc trang bj d cac nha tnrdng chua^dfip ftng dugc nhu cau day y a hgc GV va HS
cd the nghien ciru che tao cac thiet bj de day va hoc
xu hudng sau;
- Che tgo mgt so thiet bj bfing nguyen vat li?u vfi dieu kifn hi?n co tren ca s o cac y tudng qui trinh
Trang 3cd sfin hojc bfing cfic tfii lifu hudng dan tv lfim thilt
bj dfi cd ,
- Che tgo mOt thilt bj vdi mOt ^ tudng mdi nhu
ve ngio'^n II,,cdng nghf vfit lifu mang lgi hifu
tuong tv
GV vfi HS cd thl lya chpn ifim mOt sd TBDH sau:
+ Suu tam tranh finh
Ngu6n tranh cd rdt nhieu trgn bao chi, bfio finh,
tren Internet cd the tuyln chpn lfim TBDH d nhilu
diln hlnh, phfin finh trung thyc dftng dfln nhdt nhftng
sy vfit can tmyen thy, nghien cftu Khdng dua qufi
nhieu thdng tin trong mOt hinh finh, sa,vao cfic thdng
tin phy, lfim phan tfin nOi dung chinh cfin thl hifn
cdn chpn cfic hinh finh cd kich thudc ldn phu
hpp, i^m bfio thl hifn dupc rd cfic yeu to co bfin,
tham m?
Moi hinh finh nSn trinh bfiy d trang rifing bift
nhfim dl HS quan sfit tgp trune Khdng nen ddng
thfinh tap Idn, mpt trang cd nhieu hinh finh NhQng
thu vifn, trong phdng hpc bp mdn,
+ Suu tam mau vfit
Vdi v§t thyc HS cd dilu kifn thu thgp thdng tin
bfing nhieu gific quan khfic nhau, rihilu each khac t^au
Cd the suu tam theo cfic cfich sau:
Suu tdm cfic vfit cdn tuoi song, tryc tilp cho HS
nghien cftu khi gifing dgy vahpc tfip
Sim tam thyc vgt roi sdy khd, ep khd dl dung
nhieu nfim,
Suu tdm cfic vfit thyc nhu tem, phong bi, dl
dgy tft ngft, cho HS tilu hgc
Suu tdm cfic mlu vgt ngam cho HS nghifin cftu
khi HS hpc
+ Ty lfim md hinh
Md hinh dupe thl hifn_gilng nhu v§t thyc Cd
thl tan dyng nguyen lifu sfin cd de tgo ra md hinh
dan gifin (phi biln d mam non, cdp tieu hpc) nhu md
hlnh cfic con giing, cfic cft qufi d cap dO khfic cd thl
lfim md hinh cdu tgo nguyfin tft (Hofi hpc), md hinh
mfiy phfit difn (Vgt li)
+Ve tranh
Trong qufi trinh dgy hpc, GV vfi HS c6 the ty ve
tranh dfi phyc vy dgy vfi hpc Vdi moi mdn hpc, ldp
hpc, nOi dung dgy hpc mfi nOi dung tranh dupc the
nfim rd nhftng yfiu cdu cfta mOt tranh gifio khoa de sft
dyng cd hifu qufi cao nhdt ^ong qufi trinh dgy hpc
+ Cfii tiln cfic TBDH sin cd bfing cfich sOra chfta
nhftng hu hdng nhd cua thilt bj vfi cfii tiln, sfta chfta
bl sung mft so chi tilt clu tgo hay vgt lifu hofic cfich
dOng tot hon, hifu qufi hon
+ Ty lfim cfic dyng cy tht nghifm _
Nhifiu TBDH tv lam dupc GV che tgo cd gia
thfinh thdp nhung hifu qufi cao trong dgy hpc Vi
dy, dung cy thi nghifm vl hifn tupng quang dfin, thi nghifm ve Ivc hudng tfim vfi lyc qufin tinh li tfim, dyng cy thi nghifm ve difn li - difn phan - sy 3n mdn hda hpc cua cfic thay cd giao da thyc sy phfit huy hifu qufi, vfi cd thl phd biln nhan rOng Ngoai ra ciing cd nhilu GV tg lfim cfic dyng cy thi nghifm + Sft dyng cfic chuang trinh mfiy tinh, phan mfim cdng ey tao ra cfic thilt bi fio
Hifn nay rfit nhilu GV dfi ung dyng CNTT trong day hpc GV cd the tim kiem vfi tfii cfic phan mem mien phi tren mgng de sft dyng
GV dung cac phdn mfim cdng cy nhu Microsoft Power Point, Flash, Adobe Presenter, Activ Inspire cfic phfin mem chuyen dyng cfic mdn hpc, de thiet
ke cfic thifit bi ao, bfii gifing eleaming ho trg hogt dfng dgy hpc
+ Ty chyp finh, tv quay va bien tgp cac dogn Video
Mfiy finh sd dfi dupc sft dyng phd bien trong ddi song xfi hOi Cling nhu trong trudng hpc Ngoai mfiy finh chuyfin dung, nd cdn cd thl dupc tich hpp trong cfic thifit bi khfic mfi thdng thudng la trong difn thogi
di dpng
GV va HS cd thfi ty chyp finh minh hoa cho cfic ndi dung kien thftc cfta bfii hpc, cho hogt dpng chuyfin de, ngoai khofi Anh chyp dupc sfip xep bd tri hpp li theo tung npi dung chuyfin dfi, iuu gift trong may tinh hofic cfic thiet bi luu trft khfic dl thufin tifn cho vifc su diing
GV cd the quay phim mgt sl nOi dung vi du nhu cfic thao thfic thyc hifn mpt thi nghifm phong cfinh mOt vung que, bien t^p va sft dyng de dgy hpc 6 mftc dp thap nhfit, GV cd thl sft dyng tryc tilp cfic dogn phim quay dupc Mftc dp cao hon GV cd thl dimg mOt s6 phdn mem bien t§.p phim de chinh sua vfi hpc
Tai lifu tham khao
, 1 BO Gifio dye vfi Dfio tgo (2010/ Di dn_ "Phdt
trien TBDH tv ldm gido d\ic mdm non va pho thong giai doan 2010 - 2015"
2 BO Gifio dye vfi Dfio tgo (2012) fle"^« "Tdng cirong ndng Ivc nghiin cuu va phdt trien thiit bi dqy hQC va thiit bf d(iy hpc tv ldm cho Trung tdm Nghien CUV Ca sa vdt chdt, TBDH, Do chai tre em "
3 Vifn khoa hpc gifio dye Vift Nam Kyyiu hpi
thdo — tgp hudn ve TBDH, TBDHTL cap Mdm non; cap Tliu hoc: cdp THCS; cdp THPT 10/2015
4 Trdn Quic Dfic (Chu bifin) (2002) Mpt so vdn
de ly lugn yd thuc lien cua vifc xdy dung, su dung ca
sa vgt chat vd thiet b\ dgy - hQC a truang pho thong Vift Nam NXB dgi hpc Quoc gia
5 Dfing Thj Thu Thfty (Chu bien) (2011)
Phttong tifn dgy hoc - Mgt so vdn di ly lugn vd thuc tiin NXB Gifio dye Vift Nam
TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO DUC-sd 124-12/2015 • 3