NGHIEN Cliu C Q CO sA KHOA HOC VE QUAN Li DAO TAO TUT XA DAP UMG NHU cAu NHAN LUC TRiNH DO DAI HOC I O i t v ^ n d l Hiln nay, ngudn nhin luc cd ndng tyc trt tuf, sing tao td y lu d u can thi l t v l[.]
Trang 1CO sA KHOA HOC VE QUAN Li DAO TAO TUT XA
DAP UMG NHU cAu NHAN LUC TRiNH DO DAI HOC
I O i t v ^ n d l
Hiln nay, ngudn nhin luc cd ndng tyc trt tuf, sing
tao td y l u d u can t h i l t v l d p bdch ddi vdi nen sin xuat
gilo dye (GD) ddng vai trd quan trpng d l g i l i quylt van
dim b l o chat tupng ngudn nhdn lUc phye vy cho n i n
vi d i p dng d c y l u td tinh boat, m i m dio, nhilu thudn
phuong, ddc b i l t td vdng slu vung xa
2 Ca sd khoa hpc ve q u i n )((QL) DT tir xa d i p
dng nhu c l u n h i n iUc trinh ddDH
2.1 Mdtsd khdi niim
2.1.1.DTtUxa
BT t d xa Id hlnh thde OT gifla ngudi day v l ngucri
hpc cd khodng d e h nhat djnh v l khdng gian v l thdi
gian Ddy khdng chl I I mdt phuang t i l n giang day ma la
mdt hf thdng phflc tap v l each thfle td ehdc ho^t ddng
gidng d^y, hoc t i p v l mdi trucmg sU pham
2.1.2 QLDT tdxa
Ld d c hoat ddng bao gdm xdc djnh nhu c l u DT vd
tap k l ho^ch; phit t r i l n chuong trinh DT; td ehdc tuyln
sinh; td chflc q u i trinh DT; cdng nhdn k i t q u i hpc tap
vien vd hoat ddng hpc cua SV; phdi hpp gida cdc dcfn vj
OT vd doanh nghilp; eie c h l dp, chfnh sdeh; kilm tra,
gidm slt v l danh g i i qud trinh DT d l phdt triln, ddp dng
dhg y l u elu DT nhdn luc trinh dp DH
2.1.3 Nhdn luc trlnh dd DH
Trinh do hpc v i n phdn dnh qua kiln thde, kT ndng
vd chit tuong cua lao ddng, hinh thdnh thdng qua h f
thdng GD vd DT ngudn nhdn luc Ngudn nhin tUc chit
tucmg eao td tuc tupng lao ddng ed hpc van, trinh dd
chuyin mdn eao, k h i nlng thfch dng nhanh vdi nhdtig
thay ddi eda cdng n g h i sin xuat Nhdn lye trinh dd OH la
d i n s6 trong dp tudi d l qua OT trinh dd OH; td ngudi tao
ddng cd tri thdc ehuyin mdn nghilp vy trinh dp OH {11
2.2 Ogediem cabin cda OT tff xa
22.1 NgUdi dgy vd ngUdi hqc d cdch xa nhau
Khoing cdch ngUdi day vd ngUdi hpc Id dde d i l m
dau tien phan bilt OT t d xa vdi d e toat hinh k h i c Thcri
nhflng ho?t ddng DT thfle hiln qua khoing d c h xa vd
nhflng ho?t dpng DT thyc hifn tnie t i l p gifla t h i y v l trd
la d i l u chu y l u tao ra sy khde bilt
2.2.2 Cdng nghi vd phuang tiin
DT t d xa dya v i o cdc edng n g h i v l phflong t i l n
Cle cdng nghe bao gdm cdng n g h i in I n , truyln thdng
v l thdng tin Clc phUOng tiln: hpc tilu in I n (gilo
ThS PHAM PHUtTNGlAM TnttngflaihecC^Tiio
trinh, sach gido khoa in tren glly), Hpc lilu diln t d (dTa mang^) Trong DT t d xa, hpe tilu dupe bifn soan cd chdc nang thdng tin hai ehilu eao, k i t hpp vdi d c boat ddng day va hpc qua thu, sdng phdt thanh vd truyen hinh, d i l n thoai, internet, t2] Hpc tilu ddng vai trd quan trpng vd dUpe giao cho mdt I ktp sU pham la eae gidng v i l n cd nghiln cuU v l OT tfl xa; ede b i l n tap vien nhifm vy t h i l t Ici v l hoan thiin phin hudng dan t u trinh in an
2J.3 Tmh tuchO trongDTtUxa
Tfnh t u chu ngudi hpc trong qud trinh hpc tap Id
d i l m m l u chdt eda khi nang t u hpc td bin chit cdt Idi
y l u I I ngudi Idn tudi ed nhu d u , tfnh t y ehd v l nhilu mat duoe hlnh thinh eung vdi dd trUdng thdnh
22.4 Val trd QL vd trd giup cda nhd truifng cd DTtUxa
QLvatrpgidp eiia nhd trudng cdOTtdxagldvai trd chd dao, hd trp die tUc cho ngudi hoc khi cln Vai trd QL
vd hd trp: To ehdc QL dpi ngu d n bd va gidng viln, ndi dung, biln soan - phin phdi hpe lieu, xiy dyng vd triln khai k l hoach hpc t i p , chuong trinh OT, eo sd v i t ehat trudng chju trdch nhilm vdi cde b i n lien ddi: Nhd nude, ngudl hpc, ngudi sd dyng tao ddng va xa hdi, v l chat tuong sdn pham, dich vy DT tdxa
22.5 Tinh mim dio vd lien thdng
T h l hien d ehd SV h f DH chfnh quy tap trung vd cde hinh thdc khdc ed the tfeh luy tfn ehi mdt sd mdn hpc qua phuong thdc tdxa (chii y l u qua internet) Ngodi
ra, chuong trinh, ndi dung va chuan dau ra cda OT t d xa thdng Kit qud hpe tdp trong OT t d xa eda SV dUpc lien thdng, cdng nhan d OT OH truyln thdng vd ngupe lai
2.2.6 Tinh cdng nghiip
DT t d xa dien ra nhu mdt diy chuyin cdng nghilp
Do g i n l i l n vdi mdt quy md idn v l mpt khoi tupng edng vifc khdng 16, d c cdng vile dupe phin edng theo hUdng chuyin mdn hda v l theo diy chuyin t d khiu phdt triln tifu d i n t u van d e quy djnh, phye vu mdn hpc kiem tra dinh gid va d p bing, chflng chl
22.7 Tinh kinh tivd hiiu qud
Chi phf cho OT t d xa ehd y l u dya t r l n sy t i p trung vdn dau t u ban d i u vdo phdt triln co sd ha t i n g ki thuat,
CO sd GD tan dung duoc co sd, dpi ngu vd hoc tifu tfl cdc ngudn don vj sin ed Chi phi t r l n d i u SV gidm d i n g k l khi si sd cda mdt khda hpe tang tin
Trang 2ca NGHIEN c u r u
2.3 OT nhdn lue trinh dd DH trong dieu kiin kinh
tithl trffdng, hm nhdp qudc iivd mdi quan hi giffa OT
tffxa vdi OTnhdn lUe trinh dd OH
2.3.1 DTnhdn lUc trinh dd DH trong diiu kien kinh ti
thj trudng vd hdi nhdp qudc ti
DT dip flng ntiu d u nhin tUe la clc hoat ddng duy
tri v l nlng cao chit tuang nhdn lUe thdng qua OT nhim
tao sy thay ddi hdnh vi nghi nghilp [3] Tie ddng cua
nin kinh t l thj trudng vl hdt nhdp qudc te din DT nhdn
luc trinh dd DIH dupe t h l hiln nhusau:
- Dua CO chl eanh tranh vdo DT nhan tyc trinh dd
DH: Ddy Id tdc ddng mang tfnh ddt pha eua ea chl thj
eanh tranh trong td chflc QL vao boat ddng cua he thdng
GD DH.Trong thj trudng GD, bfn eanh co ehe canh tranh
vl d e nha cung dng GD tU nhin, nhd nUdc van gid vai
trd chd dao trong cung dng GD
- Hdi nhap qudc t l v l GD da ehuyin sang mdt giai
do^n phit triln mdi vdi hai thinh phin ddi tap vd dan
xen nhau: Mdt la hpp tdc qudc t l truyln thdng v l GD,
theo CO ctil khdng nhdm myc dfch tpi ntiuin; Hai II
thuong mai djeh vy GD, coi GD 11 mdt djeh vu thuong
mat, vifc dau tu phit trtln GD dupe thue hien theo co
ehlvl tpi nhudn
2.3.2 Moi quan he gida DTtUxa vdi DTnhdn lUc trinh
ddDH
Tiln bd khoa hpc vd edng nghe ddl hdi phli nlng
eao trinh dd eOa lue luong tao ddng Ngudi lao dpng can
dupe bdi dudng va hpc tdp thudng xuyfn di thlch dng vdi
nhdng thay ddi eda nghi hole ed thl ddi nghi Khoa hpe
cdng nghe, dac biet Id edng nghi thdng tin, Idm thay ddl
tfnh chit vd ndi dung ciia ngUdI lao ddng, cdch td chflc,
phuong phdp QL sin xuat, QL xa hpi OT td xa dap flng
dupe d c dilu kifn trfn do tfnh chat mim deo, tinh boat
vd phd hpp DT tdxa cdn cd the dupe gidi thfch bdi sU lifn
hlnh DT td xa, sy d n thilt mang tinh kinh t l , gidm bdt
thdng vdo tit el cde linh vUe boat ddng, ke cl GD
2.4 QL DT tffxa ddp ffng nhu eau nhdn lUc trinh dd
OH eda dja phffong
2.4.1 QL chdt luang DT tffxa ddp ffng nhu cdu nhdn
Iffc trinh ddDH
Trong bit ed toai hinh DT nio, chat tupng dupe eoi
II dilu tiln quylt hdng diu cho vife dap dng nhu d u xa
hdi, dip dng yeu d u thj trudng tao ddng
- Chlnh sdch vd ki hoqch chdt lugng: Clc co sdDT td
xa d n xdy diftig eie ehfnh sdch hUdng din chat lupng
£IT Mpi d p d n bd d n cd co hdi tham gia xdy diing cdc
chfnh sdch, muc tteu va cu t h l tiod thdnh k l hoach thyc
t l vdi CO chl phdn hdi
- Xdc dinh cdc ke hoqch chi tiit trgng yeu: Cae k l
hoach chi tilt trong ylu phdi lly ngudt hpc lam xult
phdt dilm Cde quy trinh thue hten nhflng k l hoaeh d n
dugc phin tfch, md t l ey thl, phii hpp vdl thiie tiln v l
bao him nhflng cdch Idm tdt nhit cd t h l dupc
- Cy thi hod cdc tiiu chudn: Clc tieu ehuan phli
cy thl, xic djnh rd rang eho tit d cdc k l hoach chi tilt
trpng ylu, ludn dupc truyln thdng rd rdng va san cd d
dang van ban de tham khio Cdc tieu chuan phai h ^ If,
cd t h l dat duac, do tudng duoc vd thudng xuyen rd sodt,
chinh sda phii hpp
- Sutham gia cua nguai sCrdung: SV, giang vien, cdn
bpQL, cacdan vidich vu vd cac ben lien quan khdcduoc dung quy trinh, khung DT Phai c6 cO hoi de thu dUOc phan hoi vetinh hieu qua ciia chiing khi sddung
-Sutham gla cua can bo nhdn vien: Mpi can bd nhan
vien dupc tham gia xay dUng quy trinh, kien nghi, i3e xud't ciia ho nen dupc Idng ghep vdo.Thdi gian danh cho qua trinh nay can phai dit de cdng bang
- Van bdn hoa: Cac quy trinh de dat tdi tieu chuan
phai dupe van ban hoa ro rang; Ghi dCf lieu thUe hay
hu cau, md td thdng nhat d cac van ban, tap trung vao nhdng quy trinh thiet yeu; Ghi d dang de doc va thuan tien cho rvgUdi sddung; Cap nhat thudng xuyen va chinh sda khi can thiet
- DT va phdt trien dqi ngu cdn bq: Viec td chdc DT va
phat tnen ddi ngu can bd cd lien ket chat che vdi viec dat tieu chuan Can co cO c h l hieu qua de danh gid nhu nhdng nhu cau do
- Giam sdt: Co ca che theo doi, gidm sat thudng
xuyen va he thdng ddi vdi cac ke hoach chi tiet trong chinh phiJ hppvdi hanh ddng, phdn hoi lai vao he thong
va cd bien phap sda chda
- Chi phi: Chien lUpc theo ddi chi phi thUc hien va
duy tri cac hoat ddng dam bdo chat lupng phdi tinh tcii chi phi tai chinh va con ngUdi Odi ehieu xem ehi phi co tdn han lpi ich khdng
2.4.2 Nqi dung QL DT tUxa ddp Ung nhu cau nhdn lilc trinh do DH
- Xac dinh nhu cau DT nhan luc trong ca che thi trudng va hoi nhdp: Trong co che thi trUdng vdi nen kinh
dau quan trpng de phat trien OT Oe trien khai mot loai nhu cau OT la mot nhiem vu cap bach hang dau Nhu cau OT can duoc khao sat ddnh gid cd ve chat lupng, sd lupng cua luc lUOng lao ddng ddi vdi ngdnh nghe vi trinh dp
'QLphat trien chuang trinh OTtUxa:DJtiSy.a\aqui
trinh DT va tuOT thong qua tU hpc la chinh Viec lap ke tinh mem deo, thUc tien de thu hut nhieu ddi tupng dao tao, ndi dung chuong trinh, khdi luang kien thifc
ca bdn, CO sd va chuyen nganh theo tieu chuan chung
ciia SV OH
- 01 qud trinh to chUc tuyen sinh: Cac cO sd GD phii
theo hudng tuyen thudng xuyen va quanh nam nhSm tdt cdng tac marketing nhU thdng bao den cac don vi
dai chiing Ndi dung thong tin tuyen sinh gom can cii
phap li, ddl tuang, cap bac, nganh, thdi gian OT dia diem hpc, mdc hoc phi, quyen Ipi, nghia vu ciia SV trong qua trinh hoc tap, ca hpi sau khi tdt nghifp Khi hodn tat ho
50 cac trudng OH xet tuyen, ra quyet dinh thu nhdn vd gdi thdng bdo nhap hpc
Trang 3- Qt cdng nhdn kit qud hgc tap cua SV: SV dUpe
quyln ehpn lua d c hpc phin thfch hop vdi nguyfn
vpng, sd thtch, hpc tuc, sdc khde, tai chfnh, tu chd thdi
Idp hang nam nhu niln che, cdng nhin k i t q u i cudt
eCing khi c l p clc chdng chi, vdn bing tdt nghifp
- QL hoqt ddng gidng dqy cda gidng viin vd hoqt
ddng hgc cda SV: Hoat ddng gidng day ciia gidng v i l n
va hoat ddng hpc tap cda SV ed ^ nghTa quylt djnh d i n
sy thdnh edng cua trUdng Nhd trUdng phdi ehii y d i n
mye tieu, ndi dung chuong trinh, ede chuan m y c quy
trinh td chde, vife day hoc, vile k i l m tra, ddnh gia d i m
bdo c h i t tupng QL DT thUe chat td QL c h i t tUpng DT
thdng qua qua trinh d^y va hpe cda gidng vtin vd SV
- QL td chffc phdi hgp giffa cdc dan vj DT vd doanh
nghiep ddp ffng nhu cdu nhdn luc ftfldi quan h f gida clc
dcJn vj trong trUdng phdi ludn thdng nhat t d xiy dung
chuong trinh DT, cd d n bd gllng day biln soan gido
hdnh ehfnh, tai vy, td chdc, DT, thanh tra, cde trung t i m
Iwldi quan hf, trich nhifm gida trudng vd cdc don vj liln
kit dupe phdn cdng rd v l thyc hifn nghilm tiie di d i m
bdo qud trlnh dupc d i l n ra thdng sudt, ban c h l t i l u eye
blo d i m ehdt tuang DT
- QL vi thuc hiin cdc chi dd, chinh sdch DT tffxa:
Odng vd Nhd nUdc ludn xem GD Id mdt nhan td ddm bdo
tye xiy diing v l hodn ehinh d e v i n bin quy pham phdp
QL, gidng day v l eac ndng tUe QL, t h i l t k l chuong trinh,
Ddng thdl, ndng cao ntidn thdc x l hdi v l DT td xa d l mpi
ngudl, mpi td ehdc hilu biet v l ddc diem, lot fch vd hilu
qui eda DT tfl xa Md r^ng hpp t i e qude t l d l hpe hdi
kinh nghilm, nghiln edu, dng dung cdng nghf mdi phd
hpp vdi d i l u kiln d i t nudc khuyin khich d c td chdc c l
ntidn trong vd ngodi nUde ddu tU, tdt trp, ddng gdp v l
kinh nghilm, DT cln bd, dng dung d e edng nghi t i l n
t i l n cho h f thdng OT tfl xa d Vtf t Nam
- QL chdt lugng vd kiim tra, gidm sdt qud trinh DT tff
xa: Cdng t i e kilm tra v l gidm slt ed y nghTa quan trpng
OT t d xa, clc CO sd GD d n chu y d i n cdng t i c kilm tra
gilm sdt tap trung vdo lUpng tri thde, ki ndng, ki xio, day cua nhd trUdng
3 Kit iuan
CO sd khoa hpe v l QL DT t d xa ddp dng nhu d u
DT nhin tyc trinh dd DH lam nen t i n g nghiln eflu thflc tim ra ede g i l i phdp QL DT t d xa ddp Cfng dupe nhu cau
OT trinh dp OH cho c l nUde ndi ehung vd tdng vdng miln, dja phuong ndi rieng, gdp phan phue vu cho edng cupc cdng nghilp hda - hifn dai tida vd hdi nhdp qudc t l trong giai doan phdt trtln hiln nay
TAi Li|U THAM K H A O
[IJ Tran Thj Ninh Giang, (2011), Ca sd khoa hqc cda viec ddnh gid hiiu qud DTnhdn lUc trinh dd DH trong nin kinh tithj trudng vd gia nhdp WTO d Viet Nam, Ha Ndi [2] Tran Ode Vupng (biln djeh), (2009), CSm nang
GDtdxo, NXB T h l gidi
[3] Trln Kilm, (2006), Tiip cdn hiin dgi trong QL GD,
NXB Dai hpc Su pham, Hd Ndi
[41 Bd GD&DT; (1993), GD tffxa 6 Viit Nam, HI Ndt [Sl Phan Van Kha, (2007), DTvd sUdung ngudn nhdn luc trong nin kinh tithj trudng d Viit Nam, NXB Gilo due
[dl.Trinh Ngpc Thaeh, (2012), MdWn/iQtOTngudn
nhdn iuc chdt luang cao trong GD DH Viit Nam, NXB Dai
hpe Qudc Gia, Ha Ndi
[Tl.Ta ThiTruyin, (2001), Sdi dudng cdn bd QL ngdnh GDvdDT theo phuang thUcGDtUxa, Ha Ndt
SUMMARY
Distance learning played an important role in meeting increasmgneeds of people, contributing to human resourceswith higher education level, satisfying needs of socio-economic and culturedevetopment The study of
of high level human resources will help education managers between distance training, needs to advanced training and required contents in distance learning management, Therebythis study will support the development of distance leaming plans, strategies and solutions
Keywords: Distance learning management; human
resources; higher education leveL
iiiiiiiiiiiniii Miiiii IMIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIII iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMMiiiitiiiiiiiiiiriMiiiniiii
DiNH HUDNG GiA TRI NGHE NGHiEP (Tiip theo trang 10)
[10] Tdng cuc Thdng k l , Diiu tra lao ddng - viic Idm
2011,2012,2013,'2104
[11] Tdng cyc Thdng kf, Niin gidm thSng ki 2011,
2012,2013.2014
SUMMARY
The paper addresses issue of career value orientation
for student to meet the requirements of economic and labor
change Values-oriented career plays an important part
tor each pmrson and quality of human resources To push
shouhj de economic restructure and labor transkral andjc^ structure as well Orientatingjob values tor student career wastaughtatschoois,influencedbyfamilyandsociety.Tomeet requirements of economic and labor structure, it is necessary
to renew objectives, contents and teaching methodsof stiJdents appropriatejob,satisfying manpower needs for socio-economic development in the region and country as well
Keywords: Value; career value; values-oriented career;
economic structure; career structure