s i DUNG PHitU HDC TAP TRDNG TO CHffC OAY HOC SEMINAR HDC PHAN / / / M e M i TRIfilNG CAD OANG SIT PHAM NHAM PHAT HOY NANG LUl; TO HOC CHD SINH VIEN L iluan van hgc {LLVH) la mdn hpc vdn ehua dung nhi[.]
Trang 1s i DUNG PHitU HDC TAP TRDNG TO CHffC OAY HOC SEMINAR HDC PHAN / / / M e M i TRIfilNG CAD OANG SIT PHAM NHAM PHAT HOY NANG LUl; TO HOC CHD SINH VIEN
Liluan van hgc {LLVH) la mdn hpc vdn ehua
dung nhieu van de de tranh cai, dao sau, giup
sinh vien (SV) nganh Nguvan van dung vao
ttiuc te hpc tap vagiang day, phan tich tac pham van
hpc (TPVH) sau nay SV se dupc tranh luan ve hoc
ttiuai khai sau, md rpng v w i tri tiii/c, tim tdi, phat hien
ehan Ii hoac chiing minh vatim each van dung nhdng
kien ttiiic li luan vaottiuctetac pham van hpc ; dupc
ren ttiem eac ki nang (KN) nhu: nghien ciiu, phat
hi&ivagiaiquyetvande^ttiuyettrinh, phan bien ; cd
su chu dpng can ttiiet de n^m viing va dao sau klen
ttidc LLVH, tiido nang cao ban ^nh, tt'nh dpc iap vasu
sang tao, tir tin lam chiJ khoi luong kien thuc LLVH
cuaehinhminh
Bd'i vdiSV Ngii van dtn/dng cao d§ng supham
(CDSP), LLVH la mpt mon hpc khd bdl su phong
phu, tinh "da chieu" trong tiep nhan, tlnh logic tniu
tuong ciia khai niem, hpe thuat Thue teday hpe bp
mdn a CDSP cho ttiay boat dpng tu hpc cua SV
chua ttie hien dung vai trd, vj tri va y nghTa ciia nd
Cu the: - Vephia giang vien (GV): chua thuc suchu
dpng, khoa hpc trong viec len ke hoach vagiao nhiem
vu, djnh hudng cho SV each khai ttiac va sii dung
kien thtic de dat duoc mue tieu bai day Viee sudung
phieu hpc tap (PHT) trong day hpc LLVH66\ hoi
phai danh nhi^u thcn^ gian va s u kl cong, cdng phu
trong qua trinh chuan bi, vi the PHT it khi dupe si)
dung thudng xuyen; - Vephia SV: Da so SV chua
biet each chu dpng tuhpc, edn thtj dpng trong viec
tiep ttiu, linh hdi kien ttidc, chua biet phat huy tlnh
dpc lap, sang tao frong viec van dung kien thdc vao
thuc te; eoi vipc glai quyet cae nhiem vy hpc tap la
nhipm vy "bdt bupc" va nhieu khi giai quyet nd mot
each "dd'i phd"
Hidn nay, mau ttiuin kin nhat la lupng ttidng tin, bi
thuc, Iden ttitic LLVH hien dai, khoa hpc mS ngay mpt
tang len, frong khi dd ttidi gian danh cho viec day hpc
hau nhu khdng tiiay doi, tham chi cdn giam bdt VI
vay, GV khdng the truy^i ttiu het toan bp klen thdc
ThS H O A N G THj M I N H T H A O '
LLVH cho SV va SV khdng cdn thdi gian nhieu cho viec tt; hpc
1, Nang lire t u h o c
Nang lyc tu hpc cua ngucri hpc bao gom: - Nhom
nang luc nhin biet, tim tdi vaphathien van deddi hdi
ngudi hpc phal nhan biet, phan tieh, t o i g hpp, so sanh suvat hien tt/ong duoc tiep xue, suy xet tti nhieu p6c
dp, cdhettidng tren cosanhdng II luan vahieu bidtda cdcua minh, phat hien ra cae khd khan, mau thuan, xung dot, cac diem chua hoan chinh debosung, cac
be tac, nghjeh li can khc^ tiidng, lam sang to ; - Nhdm
nang b/c giaiquyet van deddi hoi ngudi hpc phai ed
kha nang ttinh bay gia ttiuyet, xac djnh each ttiiic glal quyel va lap kehoach giai quyetvan de, khao sat cac khia eanh, tiep nhan va xu 11 thdng tin, de xuat gial phap.kiennghjcac kel luan.KTttiuatgiaiquyetvande viia la edng cu nhan ttiiic dong thdi cung la mue tieu ciia viec day cho ngudi hpc phuong phap ti/ hpc;
- Nhdm nang kic xac dinh nhung ket luin dung tiJrqua
&m/?5rja/t7i/ye?vand'eyeu cau ngudi hpc phai cdkha nang khang dinh hay bac bo gla thuyet, hlnh ttianh ketqua vadexuat van demdi Cac tri thlic can linhhpi sau khlglai quyetvan de se co duoc khi ngudi hpc cd
dupc nang luc nay; - Nhdm nang luc van dung kiin
tiiuc vio tiiuc tiin: ketqua cuoi ciing ciia viec hpc tap
phai dupe ttie hien chlnh tiong ttiuc ti"5n cupc soig, d l
nhan ttidc va cai tao tiiuc tien; - Nhom nang luc danh
gii va ti/dinhgiaqiup ngudi hpc xac djnh chinh xac
diem manh, i^em yeu, eai dung, eai sai cua minh, tti
do CO ttie chu dpng phat huy mat manh, kh5c phue diem yeu eiia ban ttian
Cac nhdm nang luc nay dan xen, tiep noi nhau tao nen nang luc tu hpc eiia ngudl hpc.Dedat ketqua ti/ hpc tot, ngudi hpc can ed kT nang ti/ hpc
2 S I I dung PHT khi tien hanh seminar hpc
phan LL VHbirumq CDSP nham phathuy nang
luc t u h o c ChoSV
' Tnmg Cao dang sir pham Ha Uy
Tqp chi Gido due so 3611 29
Trang 2neu rdyeu eau, nhiem vu cho S V duoi dang cac cau
hoi, bai tap, hien tiij npidung kien tiiiic bang hettidng
cau hdi, so dd, bang, bleu hoae mptde tai nghien
Cliu kem tiieo nhdng g d y , hudng d i n hoac ttiong
tin bosung eho baihpc Khisudyng PHT, SV phaiti/
nghien ciiu giao ti-inli, tai lieu ttiam khao, thu tiiap va
xd li ttiong tin T u nhiing thdng tin ttiu dupc, S V se
hlnh tiianh md'i lien he giiia "cai da bief v d "cai chua
bief, ttidd giaiquyetdupc yeu cau dat ra Trong qua
trlnh tiiao luan de hoan ttianh PHT, SV dupc trlnh
bay quan 6\em cua m Inh trudc tap the, gdp phan han
che thdi quen y lai, dua d i m vao cac ban tich cue va
ren KN trinh bay, phan bien khoa hpc Viec tranh luan,
trao doi se giiip SV dupc nang tam hieu biet ve kien
thlic va phat huy day dii hon tinh nang dpng, chu
quan cua ngud hoc
Trong ehuong trinh dao tao giao vien Ngiivan d
trudng CDSP, LL VHduac ptian bdlam 2 hpc phan:
- Hgc phan 1 la nhi/ng van de ve ban chat va dac
ttung cua van hpc; Hgcphan2\a nhung van devetac
pham vattiebaLVddac bung bdmdn,chung toi xac
djnh cd 2 kieu to ehiic seminar LLVH: I) Toehuc
seminartiieo chude(ng\ dung seminar dupc nit ra
tren cosdtrong qua trinh giang day, G V thay thuc su
can thiet phai dao sau, md rpng khoi iupng kien thdc
velithuyetmaSVdatiepttiutren Idp) hiinh thlic nay
ddihoi SV phal co kha nan^ khai quat cao, phai dpc
nghien ciiu nhieu tai lieu deed nhdng nhan djnh hop
li; 2) Seminaryeu cau SV phai si) dung nhung kien
tilde ti tiiuyet da tim hieu detiiuc hanh phan tich, mo
xe tic pham van hge eg tiie VI du: SV tu nghien
cdu, tim hieu npi dung littiuyet ve nhan vatvan hpc
va phan tich nhung dac ttung co ban cua nhan vat
van hpc,cae loainhanvattrongTPVH, cac phuang
thlic phuong tien mieu ta nhan vat, quan niem nghe
thuat ciia nha van ve nhan vat , cac nhan vat van
hoc ti^ng cac tac pham cu tile GV ddng vai tro liudng
dan va dua ra nhdng ket luan cuoi cung Npi dung
seminar nay ddi hoi S V kha nang cam tiiu va_phan
tich TPVH-mptkhanangratcanttiietddivd moi giao
vien Ngii van
De giup SV ttiuc hien tot cae hinh ttidc seminar
LLVH nhuttienay,ttieochiingtdi cdthesudung eac
dang PHT nhu sau:
2.1 Can cuvao ndidungc6ii]esudmQ eae loai
phieu sau: - Phieu bai ^p yeu cau SV lam bai tap,
ti"en phieu cd npi dung bai tap ma SV can giai quyet;
van dung linh hoat cae kien thiic dahpc detim ra cac
chung eii va kiem tra chiing cd ve npi dung chu de
30 Tqp chi Gido due so 361
yiucauglalguy^tti'nhhuaig.naduTiqghmneuimh
hud'ng va van dettiao luan hoac nghien citu yeu cau
SV phai glalquyet{sudung dkieu seminar 1); - Phieu
thuc hanh: npidung lanhung nhiem vuttiuc hanh, ren
luyen KN van dung li ttiuyet vao thuc ti§n TPVH cu thefsiidung dkieu seminar2):
2 J Can cu vao tieu ehiphit trien KN eho SV
cdttiesiidyng cac loai phieu sau:
2.2.1 PHT nham phat tiien eic KN: quan sat phin tich, so sanh, van dung ti tiiuyet vao thuc tiin eho SV Npi dung cau hdi cua phieu yeu cau SV phai
van dyng, phd'ikethpptatcacacKN dexem xetsuvat mpt each co y thiic mye dich thu nhan thong tin lien quan den van de dang ttiao luan
Vidu 1: Khi thiet ke PHT d kieu seminar 1, GV
ed the dua ra nhieu quan diem, y klen trai ehieu nhau ve ciing mptvan de, hoac neu len nhdng van
de md ve mpt hien tuong hay van de LLVH nao dd , hoac cho SV quan sat mpt doan video, thiet lap eac slide ed chiia cac thong tin ve tai lieu tham khao, nhdng cau hoi thao luan va phan bien ve npi dung dang thao luan Cu the: dseminar veva'n
de "tiep nhan va thudng thiic TPVH", GV co the xay dung npi dung cau hoi dua vao PHT nhusau:
"Hidn nay cd mgt soy kien phu nhan val trd tu tddngcua tacglatrong TPVH Theo ykien mgtso hgc gla, ngudldgc chi phat hien tutudng cua mtnh trong tic phim mi thoi Ykien dodung sai nhu the nao" De hoan thanh PHT nay, S V phai van dung
kien thde li thuyet LLVH s5n cd ket hpp vdl kha nang t u d u y dpe lap eao de nhan xet, so sanh cac van de, dua ra duoc cac y klen tranh luan trai chieu lleri quan den chu de seminar, tii do k§'t lu^n va khang djnh y kien va quan diem cua chinh minh ve van de, npi dung can thao luan
Vidu 2: Khi thiet ke PHT d kieu seminar 2, G V
yeu cau SV chpn mpt valTPVH cuthe (tuy theo dac trung cua npi dung thao luan seminar), cho SV nghien cdu kT tac pham ciing vdi nhtfng van d^ li thuyet trong giao trlnh va cac tai lieu tham khao GV cung cap cho SV he thdng cau hoiso^n trong PHT
de SV chuan bj tn/dc, nhu: T//7/7 chat hai matcua
van hgc vua la hien ti/gng tiiih mT, vOa la hien ti/gng hinh ihiiy thdc bieu hien nhutiienio tiong tmyen ngin "Ben que''cua nlia van NguySn {\/ilnh Chiu"
hoac: Y e dep va die tn/ng cua ngon ngdthddUdc
tiie hien nhuthenao tiong baltiid Von eo'cua Che Lan Vien" De hoan thanh PHT nay, SV phal vSn
dung kien thlic littiuyet LLVH s i n cd ket hop v d K N
Trang 3duoc npi dung van de va gpi duac nhung cam xue
tham mT.niem yeu say.suhung thu khi cam ttiu tac
pham van ehuong
2.2.2 PHT nham phittrien KN quy nap, khai quit
hda^ cho SV Vi du: ve npi dung "Ban chat cua tac
pham van hpc", G V cdthexay diflig PHT vdi yeu cau
sau: "Van hgc la huea'u, udc IS lai luon van dgng vi
phat trien vdl cac tn/dng phil khie nhau Vaycd tiie
dat van detinh chin thuc khong? Nen hieu iinh chin
thudnghetiiuitcuavan hgc nhuthe nao?".Behoar\
thanh PHT nay, SV phai n i m bk dugc nhung su
klen rieng biet cua cac hien tt/png, trao luu, trudng
phal van hpc td dd nit ra ket luan, khai quat hda kien
thlic Hay ndi each khac, logic hinh thanh npi dung
nghienciiulaSVphaiditiicalriengbietden cai chung,
tong the
2.2.3 Xay dgng PtiT nham phat trien KN suy
luan, de xuit gia thuyet cho SV VI du: ve npl dung
"Tiep nhan va thudng thuc TPVH" GV xay dung
PHT vdi yeu cau: 'Co phai mpi each dpc, mpi each
giai thich ve van ban tac pham deu dong nhat vdi
TPVH? Nen hieu nhu thenao vetinh tich cue, sang
taocuangudidpctrongtiep nhan van hpc?".De hoan
thanh PHT nay, SV phai tuduy desuy luan de xuat ra
nhiing ytudng mdi, nhinig each phathienmd mang
tlnh sang tao
2.3.Quytrinh strdgng PHTtrong gidseminar
LLVH PHT trong gid seminar LLVH can phai su
dung dung muc dich, dung ddi tupng v d sd lupng
PHT viia du, cd ket hpp vdi tai lieu hpc tap va eac
phuong tien day hpc khac Sau khi SV hoan thanh
PHT, GV can cdng bddap an ciia phieu khi phan
tich, tong hpp va ket luan van de Cu ttie gom cac
budc: 1) G l/fir/ao PWTc/JO S K tuy thupc vao chu de
seminar ma GV giao PHT cho phu hpp v d ca nhan,
tiingnhom khacnhau;2) GV hudng dan SV sddung
PHT, gom: G V yeu cau SV dpc kTnpi dung cua PHT;
GV yeu eau SV xac djnh nguon tai lieu cung cap kien
tiiiic sudung cho PHT; GV yeu cau SV xac dinh
nhiing van decan hoan thanh trong PHT; G V dua ra
nhihig gdi y, hudng dan de SV tu khaithac kien thdc
va tulam viec vol PHT; 3) SViim viee dgc lap/lam
viec hdp tac tiieo nhdm dehoin thanh PHT.G V yeu
cau S V tap taing cao do lam viec v d cac nguon tai lipu
khae nhau dekhaithackienthucvahoan thanh phie'u
Trong khi SV lam viee v d PHT, GV can quan sat,
hudng d i n SV nh§m phathien nhting bleu hien thieu
tap tmng, dpc va phan tich dQ kien mpt each dpnq^
vien, hudng d i n SV kjp ttidi Dong t h d quan sat de
frang y lai G V han che nhi/ng hoat dpng, Id ndi lam phan tan sutap toing chii y cua S V, luan phien ttiam gia vao eac boat dpng ciia cac nhdm, dieu khien cac nhom de c6 tien trien hieu qua cdng viec dong deu gida cac nhom va xoay quanh trpng tam can tluan Dieu nay se giiip SV khdng chech hudng khi thao luan dong ttid bao dam t h d gian hoan thanh PHT
dung quy djnh; 4) G1/ toehuc cho SV trinh bay ket
qua: SV cdca hpi neu y kien v d ban be, tddd cdttie
hpc hoi Iln nhau hoan thien ve npi dung va viec tiep nhan ketthiic cdhieu quacaohon.Dong thd ren cho
SV KN frinh bay y kien va ti/tin khi phat bleu y kien Tiep do, cho 2-3 nhdm trinh bay, cac nhdm phan bien
va ti-anh luan de hoan thanh nhiem vu dupc giao trong PHT Luu y: SV chl dupc trinh bay nhiing ykien khac v d y kien da trinh bay trudc, khong trinh bay y
kien tning nhau; 5) GVsua chua, bosung, neu dip
in PHT
De tang hieu qua va chat lupng cua gidseminar thi viec Sli dung PHT chinh la mpt trong nhiJng dd diing day hpc dupc GV chuan bj san cho phan thietkebaigiang cua minh PHT the hien susang tao ciia GV eung nhu tai nang cua mpt nha thiet ke cac hoat dpng cua G V khi len Idp Nhin vao PHT
se danh gia dupc ngay G V c d dau t u c h o tiet day hay khong, npi dung bai day co phii hop vdl doi tupng SV, loai hlnh gid hpc hay khong va nhat la tlnh logic, tlnh he thdng ciia bai day cd "xoay" vao trpng tam khong; ddng thdi cilng danh gia dupc mdc do hieu bai eua SV, qua dd nang cao dupc chat luang tu hpc cua cac em G
Tai H£u t h a m khao
1 TranDinh S& Gi^o trinh L i l u a n van hoc(t^p 1,2)
NXB Dgi hgc Slf phgm H.2005
2 Nguyen Canh Toan QuS trinh d a y - tir hoc NXB
Gido due VietNam, H 2011
3 v a v a n Tao M0t s5 vSfn dfe gjdo due dSu t h ^ l d 21
Vien Nghiin ciiu phdt triSn gido d^c, 2011,
4 Thai Duy TuySn "Bdi dirffng nSng li;c tii hoc cho
sinh vien " Tap chi Gido due, s6 IAI 2003
5 Vien ngOn ngO' hoc Tirdi^n Tieng Vigt NXB Khoa
hocxah6i,H 1994
SUMMARY
Students' self-study skills play a decisive role in quality and teaching process of undergraduate
(Xem tiep trang 28)
Tqp chi Gido due so 3611 31