I cuu & I;NG DUNG sOf DUNG THi NGHllM SINH Ll'''' THUC VAT TBONG DAY HQC Dif AN CHO SINH VIEN HE CAO D A N G S U P H A H IfeS Bi TU Loan Tru&ng Cao ddng Suphgm Hung Yin CN Trii QlvA nlng Tru&ng Bgi hpc T[.]
Trang 1sOf DUNG THi NGHllM SINH Ll' THUC VAT
TBONG DAY HQC Dif AN CHO SINH VIEN HE CAO D A N G S U P H A H
IfeS Bi TU Loan - Tru&ng Cao ddng Suphgm Hung Yin
CN Trii QlvA nlng - Tru&ng Bgi hpc Tdn Trdo • TUyin Quang
SUMMARY
In the rapidly changing society people are required to be proactive, creative knowledge, have skills and lifelong self-learning competence Therefore, it Is necessary for the school to innovate teaching method in an effort to allow students to Improve their self-learning competence They could learn knowledge by themslves
in the future and adapt easily to the social environment Project-based learning helps students to use higher-order thinking in a practical context, combine theory emd practice, cooperate between school and society The experimental plant physiology are Integrated in the projects to help promote Independence, creativity and form, practice skills for students
K^words: Experiment, Project—based learning, competence, self-learning competence
Ngdy nhpn bdl: 12/9/2015; Ngdy duyp Odng: 28/9/2015
L B ^ t v i n d l
Trong b6i ednh xd hfi dang vfn dfng khdng
ngflim ddi hdi con ngudi phdi chfl dfng, sang tgo,
Sfl dyng phuong phdp dgy hgc theo dy dn trong nhd
trudng giflp sinh viSn (S\p silr dyng nhflng tu duy bfe
cao trong b6i cdnh thyc te, gin Iiln 1^ thuylt vd thyc
hdnh, gdn nhd trudng vdi xd hgi Trong nghien cflu
qua quan sdt, thi nghifm, bdng cdc thao tdc tu duy
giflp cdc em ty lyc chilm ITnh kiln thflc, hlnh thdnh
\k ren liQ^fn kl ndng Id xdo Cdc thi nghifm dugc
tich hgp trong cdc dy dn theo hudng nghiSn cflu giflp
SV phdt huy tinh dfe lfp, sdng tgo vd hlnh thdnh, ren
luyfn kl nflng thyc hdnh till nghifm
2 Dgy hgc sinh I^ thyc vft theo dy dn
2.L Mpt sS khdi nipm: "Dgy hgc tiieo dy an
(DHTDA) Id mft phucmg phdp hay hinh thuc dgy
hgc, ti^ng dd ngudl hgc thyc hifn mft nhifm vy
phflc hgp, ed sy kit hgp gifla II thuylt vd thyc tiln,
thyc hdnh Nhifm vy ndy dugc ngudi hgc thyc hifn
vifc xdc <flnh myc dich, ifp kl hogch dSn vifc thyc
hifn dy dn kilm tra, dieu chlnh, ddnh gia qua trlnh
vd kit qud thyc hifn" [1 ]
DHTDA trong mdn Sinh hgc d trudng Cao
ding Su phgm, chflng tdi si chgn nhflng chfl dl gfln
liln vdi thyc tiln sdn xuit ndng nghifp va cd sfl
dyng nhilu thi nghifm dl kilm chflng Vdi cdch
t l va tiln hdnh nhOng thi nghifm, trong phdng thl
nghifm theo hudng nghiSn cflu nhim gidi quyet vin
dldgt dugc myc tif u cfla dy dn Qua dd, SV sS phat
huy dugc ndng lyc ty hgc vd hlnh thdnh, ren luyfn
1^ ndng, k5^ xdo ldm thl nghifm thyc hdnh Sinh li thyc vft
Theo tac gidNgiQ'ln Dflc Thdm: "Thi nghifm Id
sy tde dfng cd chfl dinh, cd hf thing cfla con ngudi
sy phdn tich cdc dilu kifn md trong dd dd diln ra sy nhfn d i ^ Ui thflc mdi" [4]
Theo tdc gid X Roegiers, nflng lyc (NL) Id sy tich hgp cdc kl ndng tdc dfng ISn cde nfi dung trong mft logi tlnh hulng cho trudc de gidl qi^lt nhflng
vin de do tlnh huong nay ddt ra [3]
Ndng l^c gin lien vdi hogt dfng Mft ngudi cd ndng luc ve mgt hogt dfng ndo dd cin phdi cd tri tdc cfla hogt dfng dgt dugc kit qud trorm nhflng dilu kifn khdc nhau phfl hgp vdi myc tiSu de ra Theo tdc gid Trin Khdnh Dflc [2], cd nhllu cdch phdn logi NL, cdch pho biln nhit Id phdn NL thdnh 2 logi Id NL ehung vd NL ehuySn bift
+ NL chung: La nhflng NL dugc hinh thdnh vd phdt Uien dya tren bdn ndng di truyln efla con ngudi, qua qud Uinh gido dye va trdi nghifm trong c i ^ sing
+NL chuySn bift: Id nhiing NL rieng dugc hinh thdnh vd phat triln tren ca sd cdc NL chung theo djnh hudng chuySn sdu
2.2 Cdc giai dogn dgy hgc Sinh ^ th^ v^ theo d^dn
2.2.1 Glai dogn 1: Chudn bf hd sa bdi dgy
Budc 1: Xdc djnb cdc ehu dl vd m^c tieu cfla
dy dn: Phdn tich myc tieu, cau trflc ngi dung chuong
Uinh mdn hgc dk tim ra ngi dung cd cdc hogt dfng
dy dn Vi dy: Mft chl dg fln uong khoa hgc vd an
Trang 2todn thl rau xanh va cdc logi hoa qud la thyc phdm
rit nhilu logi rau, cfl, qua cd du Iugng hda chat vugt
ngudng cho phfp gdy dgc hgi din sflc khde ngudi
tiSu dflng s y ddng vai id can bg chi cyc an toan vf
sinh thyc phim di tim hieu vl vdn de ndy ->Chfl dS
cfla dy dn:71m hiiu vi an todn th^ phdm xanh
trong xd hpi hipn dgi (gfln vdi phin kien thflc sinh
trudng, phdt Uiln cfla thyc vft)
Budc 2 Thiet lap bf can hdi kbung:
CSu hdi khdi qudt: NhQng gi xung quanh chflng
ta cd thyc sy an toan?
Cdu hdi bdi hgc: Chflng ta dang sfldung thyc
phim xanh cd an todn vf sinh thyc phim khdng?
Thyc vft cin gl dk sdng? Trong thyc tl sdn xuit ndng
nghifp, ngudi ddn chdm sdc cdy trong nhu thl nao?
Cdu hdi ndi duns: K I nhflng dilu kifn can
cho sy sing cfla tiiyc vft; Chflng minh vai Ud cfla
dnh sdng, nudc, muoi khodng sy ndy mim vd sinh
hilu cdc logi tiiulc kich thich sinh Uudiig trSn tiij
trudng vd t ^ hgi cfla chflng; Trong thyc te sdn xuit,
ngudi ddn chdm sdc: tudi nudc, bon phan, thudc trfl
sdu, chit kich thich sinh tnrdng cho cdy rau cai nhu
thl ndo? Chflng minh tac dfng mgnh mS cfla chit
kich thlch sinh trudng din sy sinh trudng cfla cay rau
sinh trudng cfla cay rau cdi; Dua ra nhflng gldl phdp
thj tnidng
Budc 3 Thiet kl cdc hogt dfng
Gido viSn sS xay dyng cdc tinh hudng dk tgo
C0 hfi cho SV thyc hifn cdc nhifm vy hgc tgp, gidi
tiSu hgc tfp
- Thu thgp tdi lifu ve: cdc ylu to cdn thiet cho su
sing cfla thyc vft; cac qua UitUi trao ddl nudc, muoi
khodng, quang hgp, hd hip, sinh trudng, phdt Uien d
thyc v^; phitohoocmon, chit dieu hda sinh trudng
- Dieu tra vl cac chit dilu hda sinh trudng tren
thj tnrdng
- Dieu tra thyc trgng ve trlng rau cai cfla ngudi
ddn d^a phircmg
- Ldm thi iighif m ve vai trd cua anh sdng, nudc,
mull khodng den sy sinh trudng, phdt trien cfla cdy
- Ldm thl n^ifm chflng minh tdc dfng cfla
thuic trfl siu, thudc kich thich sinh trudng den sy
sinh trudng, phdt Uiln cfla cdy
Yfiu clu sai^ nhim:
- Mft in phdm (Publisher): "Hdy Id ngudi tieu
dung thdng thdl" Id td roi gidi thifu ve cdc chat kich
thich sinh tiudng trfn thi tnrdng vd tdc hgi cfla chflng;
Thyc tigng sfl dyng tiiuoc Vris sau, chit kich thich sinh
trudng cfla ngudi Uong rau; Cdch lya chgn thyc phim
xanh an todn
- Mft bai trinh chilu da phuomg tifn: gidi thifu
vS cdc thi nghifm dd tiln hanh, cy thl Id: Ten thl nghifm, myc tiSu thi nghifm, gid thuylt khoa hgc, dyng cy, hoa chat va mau vdt, tien trinh thi nghifm (Vj Ui df.t thi nghifm, Cdc yeu t l thi nghifm, yluti khdng thi nghifm, cdc budc tiln hdnh, nhflng thay dli cfla mau vgt theo thdi gian (ngdy/ tuin)), kSt qui thi nghifm (bdng bilu, hirih dnh, d l thj, ), kit lufn khoa hgc
- Mft website: gidi thifu vl thyc pham xanh quanh ta: nhflng dilu kifn cho sy song cfla chung; dja phuong; Nhflng hda chit dfe hgi tdc dfng Ifn thyc phim xanh gdy hgi den ngudi sfl dyng; NhQng
gidi phdp dk hgn chl nhflng thyc phim xanh khong
an todn tren thj trudng
Bude 4: Lfp kl hogeh ddnh gid: Xdc djnh tiSu chi, phirong phdp ddnh gid nhflmg hogt dfng cua SV trudc, trong vd sau khi thyc hifn dy dn
- Trudc khi thyc hifn dy dn: dua ra nhfhig cdu hdi nhdm ddnh gid ve kiln thflc, ky ndng vd thdi df cfla SV, tu dd ISn kl hogch dy dn
- Trong qud uinh thyc hifn dy an: Tgp trung ddnh gid: SV hudng din cdc myc tieu nhu thl ndo, tien trinh thyc hifn, sy hgp tdc nhdm, hogt dfng ci nhan,
- Sau khi thyc hifn dy dn: ddnh gid sdn phim, ddnh gid nflng lyc cfla SV dugc rSn luyfn
2.2.2 Glai dogn 2: Lin ldp
+ Gido viSn nSu vdn dl vd hlnh thdnh y tudng d\i
dn cho SV, xdc dinh cdc chfl de cfla dy an + Phdn cdng chfl de cho tflng nhdm, ggi ^ hudng gidi quylt van de (thu thgp thdng tin, dieu tra, khdo sdt, thyc hanh thi nghifm, )
+ Gidi thifu cdc tieu chi ddnh gid trong bdn ddnh gid dugc gido vien chuin bj trudc
2.2.3 Gialdogn3: Thgc hipn dir dn Cic nhdm lfp kl hogch phdn chia cdng vifc cho
tflng thdnh vien
- Thyc hifn cdc nhifm vy trong dy dn; thdo lufn nhdm trong qua Uinh thyc hifn: nhflng khd khdn v4 gidi phdp; trao ddi vdi gido viSn khi can thilt
2.2.4 Glal dogn 4: Trinh bay vd glai thipu sdn phdm
Tflng nhdm uinh bay ve dy dn cfla mhih vd giiSi thifu sdn phdm thu dugc San phim thudng Id: 1 tir roi, I bdi Uinh chilu, 1 Uang web vd nhihig sdn phim till qud trlnh thi nghifm Uong phdng thi nghifm
2.2.5 Glal dogn 5: Ddnh gid
- Cdc nhdm ty ddnh gid, cdc nhdm ddnh gid lin
nhau, gido vien danh gid
2.3 PhSn tich kh qud dgy hgc theo dfr dn
Thdng qua vifc thyc hifn dy dn ndy, chflng tfl nhfn thiy dd phat huy dugc ndng lyc tu hgc, tinh dfe lfp, chfl dfng vd sdng tgo cfla SV De thyc hifn dy
Trang 3dn, SV da xdc djnh dugc myc tiSu, nhifm vy hgc t&)
rd rdng, lfp ke hogch hgc, xdc djnh cdch hgc vd phdi
hgp dugc cdc phuong phdp hgc tgp Kit qud dy dn ^ t
thflc sin cd trong gido trinh md cd nhflng kien thflc
thyc tl CAc em khdng chl ndng cao dugc khd nflng ty
phdp nghiSn cflu khoa hgc, ndng cao 1^ nflng thyc
hdnh thi nghifm Vd cull ciing, cdc em ty ddnh gid
tfl ngudi khdc vd dieu chlnh dugc cdch hgc cfla minh
Qua vifc thyc hifn dy dn, cung hlnh thdnh thdi dg lam
vifc nghifm tflc, cd trdch nhifm vd tinh thin h9>p tdc
nhdm dugc nang cao
Ngodi ra, qua dy dn, SV cdn phdt huy dugc ndng
lyc vl quan hf xd hgi Dy dn dugc tiiyc hifn theo
nhdm vdi sy phdn cdng cdng vifc cho tflng cd nhdn
nhdm Dd dd, trong qud trlnh thyc hifn dy dn, tflng
thdnh viSn Uong nhdm sg nang cao dugc ndng lyc
giao tilp vd hgp tdc Cdc em biit cdch bdy td ^ kiln,
thl hifn cdm xflc bing hlnh thflc ndi, vilt, ling nghe,
tilp thu vd tfn trgng y kiln efla ngudi khdc phfl hgp
vdi myc dich, tlnh hulng vd dli tugng giao tiep
Bk tgo ra dugc sdn phim dy dn, SV phdi tiep can
vdi nhilu cdng nghf khdc nhau giflp hS trg phdt trien
ndng lye sfl dyng edng nghf thdng tin vd huyen tiidng
Vd sfl dyng cdng cy cdng nghf thdng tin dl cd thl chia
sf, trao doi thdng tin vd hgp tdc vdi ngudl khdc mft
cdch hifu qud
3 Ket lufn
Su dung thi nghifm Sinh Ii thyc vgt Uong dgy hgc dy dn da phdt huy dugc tinh dfe ldp, ty lyc tim thurc trong sdch vd vdo giai quylt cdc vin dl trong ldm quen voi cdc phuang phap nghien cflu khoa hgc Day hpc theo dy dn cdn giflp SV ndng cao dugc kha
vd sfl dung cdng nghf thdng tin hifu qud
Tdi lifu tham khdo
1 Nguyen HQu Chau, Nguyin Vdn Cudng, Trin
Ba Hodnh, NguySn Ba Kim, Ldm Quang Thifp,
(Ditng chung cho cdc mon hgc) NXB Dgi hgc Su
phgm, Hd Ngi
2 Nguyen Trgng Khanh, 2011 Phdt trien ndng lgc vd tu duy ky thugt NXB Gido dye
3 Rogiers X, 1996 Khoa suphgm tich hgp hay ldm thi ndo diphdt triin cdc ndng lgc a nhd trudng
NXB Gido dye, HdNgi
4 Nguyen Dflc Tham (Cb), Nguyen Nggc
Hung, Phgm Xuan Que Phuang phdp dgy hgc Vgi
ly a tnrdng phd thong NXB Dgi hgc Su phgm Ha
Nfi, U.286
5 http://www.intel.vn/
TO CHIJIC DAY HOC CHU BE TICH HOP " M A T " ,iip.heo,ran,6)
Cdc nhifm vy Uong cdc Ugm hgc tfp, nhifm vy
giao vl nhd yeu ciu cdc em vfn dyng cdc kiln thflc
da hgc vdo thyc tien, sfl dyng cdc phucmg tifn dan
gl&n dk khdo sdt, thu thfp tiidng tin Idm tflng sy hung
thfl vd tham gia tich cyc cfla cdc em khi thyc hifn
cdc nhifm vy Cdc nhifm vy ySu ciu cd hogt dgng cd
nhfin vd hogt dgng nhdm, tiir dd HS dugc ren luyfn
nhilu kt ndng khdc nhau cdc hogt dfng dien ra trong
Idp hay ngodi gid hgc deu tiiu hflt dugc sy tham gia
cfla diy dfl HS trong ldp, dfe bift Id cde hogt dfng
trong phdng thi nghifm ho$c trong thyc tiln
Dmh gid sa bp_yi vipc ndng cao ndng lgc gldl
quyit vdn de thgc tiin cua HS
Dya vdo cdc tiSu chf ddnh gid dd xay dyne,
chflng tdi ddnh gid vifc ndng cao ndng lyc ^idi quyet
kiln thflc, kT ndng cin tiiilt dl phdt triln ndng lyc
ndy Kit qud ban diu cho tiiiy, hgc sinh tiiyc hifn
tit nhflng ndng lyc thdnh t l "tim kilm, xfl 11 thdng
tin"; "thdo lufn vd trao dli vl kit qud thu dugc", tiln
hdnh thi nghifm theo hudng dan vd cdn gfp nhllu
khd khfln Uong cdc khdu dl xuit •y tudng, ty thilt ke
chl tgo md hlnh
Tdi lifu tham khao
1 Dl Hucmg Trd, Nguyin Vfln BiSn, Tran Khdnh Nggc, Trdn Trung Ninh, Trin Thj Thu Thfly, Nguyin Cdng Khanh, Nguyin Vu Bich Hiln 2015
D^ hgc tich hgp phdt trien ndng lgc hgc sinh Quyen
1 - Khoa hgc tg nhien NXB Dgi hgc Su phgm
2 Ngi^en Vdn Bien 2015 Quy trinh x^ dgng chd de tich hgp vi khoa hgc tv nhien Tgp chl Khoa
hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Su pham Hd Ngi, so 2
3 Nguyin Vdn BiSn, Nguyen Thj TuySn 2012
Thiit ki che tgo thiet bi thi nghipm md hinh mdt Tgp
chi Thilt bj Gido Dye, sd79
4 Nguyin Vdn Bien 2008 To chirc gid hgc vgt
li bdng hinh thuc dgy hgc theo trgm Ddc san khoa
hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm Hd Ngi, so 12