Quich Thj Nga Tap chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 126(12) 231 234 S U P H A N B O V A H I N H T H l T C A P D U N G C A C T R O N G 0 I E M NGLT P H A P T R O N G T A I L I E U L U Y f i N T H I H S K MOfI C[.]
Trang 1S U P H A N B O V A H I N H T H l T C A P D U N G C A C T R O N G 0 I E M N G L T P H A P
T R O N G T A I L I E U L U Y f i N T H I H S K MOfI C A P 5 - 6
Khi
Quach Thi Nga
3 Ngogi ngif - DH Thai Nguyen
TOMTAT
Cac trpng dilm ngif phap luon la van de dugc quan tam hing dau trong nhifng nghien ciiu ve
HSK Dya v^o nhCtng nghien ciiru ciia ngudi di trudc, bai viet cd mpt vh\ nghiSn cifu v l su phin b l
lugt CO tinh chit dinh hudng nhim giilp ngudi hoc nim bit tdt hon mang kiln thirc ngii phep trong HSK cao cap
Tir khda: Phdn bo dp dung, trgng diem ngit phdp HSK mdi cdp 5-6
HSK la tieu chuan de d a n h gia chinh x a c nhat,
cao nhat trinh dO Han ngff ciia n g u d i n u d c
ngoai Vi vgy H S K da d u g c Bd Giao due d u a
vao de lam chuan dau ra cua ngoai ngff 1 va
ngoai ngu 2 cho sinh vien, Ddi vdi sinh vien
chuyen ngQ t i l n g Han, c h u i n dau ra can ia
HSK c i p 5, t u o n g d u o n g k h u n g t h a m chieu
Chau Au c a p C l Hien nay tai lieu luyen thi
HSK ndi c h u n g vdi ngi d u n g va hinh t h u c
phong phii xuat hien p h d bien, trong dd kien
thifc ve n g u phap, tir vung,.v v d u g c dan
xen rai rac d cac dgng bai tap khac nhau Vi
vay ngudi hpc kha v i t va d e tap trung nam
bit cac trpng diem kien thiic, nhat la trpng
d i l m kiln t h u c n g u phap vao mdt c i p thi nao
do, vi du n h u c i p 5 D u d i day la mgt sd
nghien ctiu ve trgng diem n g u phap H S K m d i
c i p 5-6, cd tac d u n g dinh h u d n g cho n g u d i
hgc nam bat mgt each d e d a n g nhat nhffng
kiln thuc ve ngff phap trong H S K mdi c a p
5-6 tire HSK c a o cap
S u p h a n b o c a c d i e m ngu* p h a p t r o n g tai
lieu H S K m d i c a p 5-6
Trong nghien cii'u ngQ phap ndi c h u n g va ngff
phap H S K ndi rieng, viec phan tach va he
thdng cac ndi d u n g ngir p h a p da d u g c chu y
den tir lau Ciing vdi s u ra ddi va m d rgng qui
m d thi H S K mdi tren toan the gidi, de c u o n g
HSK cac c a p bao gdm d l c u o n g ngff phap
HSK c a c cap, d l c u o n g tir v y n g H S K c a c c i p
da ra ddi n h a m xay d u n g d l thi H S K mgt
* Tel:0979 009769 Emaii quachngakm@gmail com
each qui chuan nhat va tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho nhffng ngudi dn thi HSK D l tranh sy ddi lap phan tach giua H S K mdi va HSK cii, d e
c u o n g HSK d u g c ggi theo chff cai A B C D
Trong dd, d l c u o n g H S K c i p A {^W.) t u o n g
d u o n g vdi H S K cu trinh do c o sd cap 1 tii'c
H S K m d i c i p 1-2, H S K c i p B ( Z ^ ) t u o n g
d u o n g vdi H S K cu trinh do s o c i p c i p 3,4,5
t u c HSK c i p 2, 3 , HSK c i p C ( M ^ ) t u o n g
d u o n g vdi H S K cu trinh do trung c i p cap 6,7,8 tire H S K mdi c i p 4, H S K cap D ( T ^ )
t u o n g d u o n g vdi H S K cu trinh d o cao c a p cap 9,10,11,12, tire H S K mdi c i p 5, 6
1168 d i l m n g u phap d u g c t h i n g ke trong dk
c u o n g n g u phap H S K d u g c chia lam 18 m y c ngff phap CO ban xuat hien d cac cap H S K khac nhau, bao gdm: (1) N g u td, (2) Tir logi, (3) Cau tgo tir (4) Doan ngu, (5) Cum tir cd dinh (6) c i u true n g u phap co dinh (7) Thanh
p h i n cau (8) Phan loai cau (9) Loai hinh cau dgc biet (10) C a c loai cau nghi v i n (11) Cach
b i l u d a t s d t u ( 1 2 ) Cach t h u c c u d n g dieu, (13) Cau phan v i n , (14) Thi ciia d d n g t u (15) M a u cau khau n g u (16) Cau phii'c (17) Cau phuc
da t i n g (18) C u m cau.' T r o n g d o HSK c a o
c a p ( c i p D) xuat hien c a c m u c n g u phap ( 1 ) , (2), (3), (5), (6), (9), (13), (15), (16), (17), (18), rieng m y c (3), (17), (18) chi x u i t hien
' (Trung Qudc) Vuong Tiiu Linh, <Phan tich ddi chiiu d l cuong ngu p h i p HSK va kiln thtrc ngif phap trong giang day> Bio Ngif vin thing 3 nam
2011,
Trang 2trong HSK cap 6 Tir sy phan bd nay, ta nhgn
thay rang muc ngff phap mdi, cung la myc
ngff phap khac biet vdi HSK so trung cap dd
la cau tgo tu, cau phiic da tang va cum cau
Tac gia Vuong Tieu Linh tu nghien cuu ciia
minh ve dl cuong HSK da he thdng 18 muc
ngff phap nay thanh 12 muc ngQ phap HSK:
(1) Ngff td va cau tao tu , (2) Tii logi, (3)
Doan ngu (4) Ciu true ngff phap cd djnh, (5)
Thanh phan cau (6) Phan loai c3u (7) Logi
hinh cau dac biet (8) Cach bieu dat va pham
tril ngu khi (9) Pham tru ddng thai (10) Cau
triic khau ngff (11) Cau phuc va cau phiic da
tang (12) Cum cau
Ket qua van cho thay HSK cao cap (cip D)
xuat hien cac myc ngu phap (2), (4), (5), (7),
(8), (9), (10), (11), (12) va myc ngu phap sd
(12) (cum cau) la muc ngu phap chi duy nhat
xuit hien trong HSK cao d p Theo dilu tra
ciia chung tdi, trong cac dgng bai nghe, dgc
hieu va viet ciia HSK cao cap, cac muc ngff
phap vdi nhffng diem ngu phap cu the dugc
thay the bdi nhung diem ngQ phap phii'c tap,
dd la su xuat hien cac cau dai, nhieu dang cau
dan xen trong mdt cau Dd cung la dgc diem
ngff phap chii yeu ciia HSK cap 5, 6
Cac myc ngu phap HSK cao cap dugc the
hien cy the dudi cac diem ngu phap sau;
1 Muc ngff phap thanh phin cau; Diem ngff
phap sy phdi hgp thanh phan cau
2, Muc ngu phap kieu cau dac biet Diem
ngff phap cau chu "ftl", diem ngu phap cau
chu "S^", diem ngff phap cau so sanh, diem
ngu phap hai kieu cau dan xen,
3 Myc ngff phap cau phtic: Diem ngu phap
cau phiic dang lap, diem ngff phap cau phirc
tang tien, diem ngu phap cau phuc dieu kien,
dilm ngff phap cau phiic lua chgn, diem ngff
phap cau phirc liet ke, diem ngff phap cau
phirc nhan qua, diem ngff phap cau phirc
chuyin ngoat, diem ngu phap cau phuc gia
thiet, diem ngQ phap cau phirc nhugng bg,
diem ngu phap cau phiic nit ggn
4 Muc ngu phap cau phuc da ting: Dilm ngu
phap cau phuc hai tang, diem ngir phap cau
phiic ba tang trd len
5 Muc ngu phap cym cau: diem ngu phap cac tieu chi nhan dgng cym cau ngff phap, diem ngu phap phan logi cac cym cau ngii phap
Sy ap dung cac dilm ngu phap vao cac loai hinh bai tap khac nhau trong tai lieu HSK mdi cap 5,6
0 HSK cao cip, cac dang bai nghe hieu, dgc
hilu, vilt d cip do khd hon, kilu bai khac hoan toan vdi HSK cac cip dudi Ngay trong HSK cao cip, cac cip khac nhau cung cd nhQng dang bai khac nhau Tff ciu triic bai thi HSK 5, 6 cd thi thiy, cac dilm ngff phap hau nhu khdng cdn mang tinh chit thuc hanh ap dyng lam bai tap dan thuin ma da nang len d miic vgn dung linh boat, doi hdi phai suy nglm, suy lugn, tiic la phai biin nhung kien thuc ngff phap nay thanh mdt ky nang van dung
6 bai nghe hilu ciia HSK, a cip thip yeu ciu
ky nang nghe thip vdi nhffng cau mang tinh chit ngu phap don gian Nhung d cap cao, lgi ddi hdi ky nang nghe cao vdi nhimg cau dai mang tinh chat ngu phap phuc tap, vi vgy loai hinh bai tap nghe cap 5 xuat hien 25 cau tren tdng sd 45 cau la nghe mpt dogn ddi thoai hoac mpt bai phat bieu tuong doi dai, chT met
sd dap an, yeu cau chgn dap an dung , Bai tap nghe cap 6 bai nghe tang them 10 cau, loai hinh bai tap md rgng hon mgt loai, 35 cau tren tdng sd 50 cau la nghe doan ddi thoai hogc mgt doan vSn dai, moi dogn can cd tir
4-5 cau hoi, yeu cau ngudi nghe hieu toan bg ndi dung va cd ky nang tdng hgp ghi nhd cao
O bai dpc hieu cung vgy, bai dgc hieu ciia HSK 5 cd 3 phan 6 phan 1 chu yeu la dilm ngff phap ve tu logi, trong do cd dilm ngu phap ve danh tir, tinh tir, ddng tu, lien tu, tir ddng nghTa, trai nghTa, cau phuc, hinh thirc ap dung la logi hinh bai tap chpn tir dimg dien
vao chd trdng trong dogn van 0 phin 2, 3 bai
dpc hilu tap trung nhffng dilm ngu phap vl cau phiic va cau dgc biet Nhung nhiJng dilm ngQ phap nay khdng cdn la thyc hanh luyen tap d hinh thirc loai hinh bai tap cy thi ma yeu cau da thanh thuc, de phuc vu cho ky nang dgc hieu va khai quat, hinh thtic ap dune
la loai hinh bai tap cho doan van, chgn not
Trang 3Quach Thj Nga
dung dgc hilu tuong irng vdi ndi dung cua
dogn van
CJ phin bai vilt HSK cip 5, phin 1 chii yiu
tgp tmng nhQng dilm ngff phip cac kieu cau
dgc biet, phan 2 la kiln thiic ngff phap tdng
hgp, gdm cac diem ngQ phap vl tu logi, cau
don, cau don, cau phuc,v.v , trong dd yeu
ciu van dung dl ren luyen ky nang viet
Trong HSK 6, cac diem ngu phap xuat hien
chi tiet hon, dg khd cao hon, ddi hdi kien thirc
ngu phap tdng hgp viing chac,
d bai dgc hieu phan 1 " tim cau sai" chu yeu
xuat hien nhung diem ngff phap ve tu logi, vi
du nham lan giua dgng tu va tinh tir, thieu
gidi til' v.v,., diem ngff phap vl sy phoi hpp
thanh phin cau nhu ldi phdi hgp ddng tan,
chil vj, djnh danh, dilm ngQ phap vl khuyet
thanh phan cau, nhu khuyet chit ngu Diem
ngff phap ve cau dac biet nhu cau chff
"JtH" "W." , cau so sanh cd xuit hien trong
phan nay nhung khdng nhilu Ci bai dgc hieu
HSK 6 phan 2 la chpn tii' diin vao chd trdng
CJ dang bai tap nay sy lua chgn tit khdng phai
la mdt tu ma la nhieu tu, cum tu ddng nghTa
can ngliTa nhu f"^ ['''X' f^'Q., I^M,
dien vao inpt cum cau ma khdiig phai la mdt
cau, Vi vay ddi hdi mgt su lya chgn ciing liic
ket hgp cac diem ngu phap khac nhau va cd
tinh logic cao giua cac cau, day cung la diem
khd ciia dgng bai tap nay so vdi cac dang bai
dien tff cua HSK cac cap dudi khac Dieu nay
cung cho thay, diem ngff phap chii yeu xuat
hien trong dgng bai tap la cau phii'c va cum
cau Ngoai ra, cac diem ngu phap ve ngu cd
djnh cung xuat hien tuong ddi nhieu d dgng
bai nay, vi du
u m m fL?L:i-:i-,'h'lL'MM, ^m.m
Hi -^tSffl^S.v.v Phan 3 ciia bai dgc hieu
van la dien vao chd trdng, nhung la dien doan
ngQ (cum tii') vao chd trdng, yeu ciu van la
ddi hdi hieu dugc doan van da cho de chpn
chinh xac cum tu Nhffng dilm ngff phap
phan bd trong nhffng doan van nay van la
diem ngu phap cau phii'c, cum cau Mudn
dien chinh xac cum tu phai dgc kT cau van,
van canh xuat hien trudc va sau chd trdng, tire
la phai chu y den sy lien kit logic giffa cac
cau Phan 4 ciia bai dgc hilu HSK cap 6 la tra Idi cau hdi theo phuong thuc trac nghiem Bai dgc hieu thudng lan luot la mgt cau chuyen
ke, mdt ndi dung ve kiln thirc tu nhien, mdt ndi dung ve khoa hgc, dilu tra xa hdi, sinh hgc.v.v De hieu dugc nhffng ndi dung nay can mgt khdi lugng tir vung va ngu phap kha Idn, trong khi nhQng cau hdi ciia bai dgc hieu phan nay lai khdng phai la nhffng cau hdi tryc dien ma ddi hdi su suy nghT va hieu dugc ndi dung doan van mgt each ky cang, chi tiet, Vi vay kien thffc ngff phap tu vyng d day da xuat hien tinh chit vgn dyng cao, ddi hdi ngudi lam phai cd kien thiic rat vffng vang Nhung diem ngff phap xuat, hien d phan nay chii yeu
la cau dac biet, cau phuc va cym cau, la nhung diem ngff phap chi xuat hien d HSK cao cap
Phan viet ciia HSK 6 la mdt cau chuyen ke mang tinh triet ly cao, cung ddi hdi ngudi lam phai dpc hieu va ghi nhd, sau dd khai quat lai Nhu vgy d phan nay nhffng diem ngu phap duoc su dyng chii yeu van la diem ngu phap cau dac biet, cau phffc, sy phdi hgp thanh phin cau Nhung tinh van dung ngff phap cao han d bill dgc hilu vi ngudi dgc khdng chi van dyng nhffng dilm ngu phap nay de dgc hieu ma cdn phai su dung de bieu dgt thanh van Vi vgy viec su dung chinh xac cac cau phffc, cau dgc biet, sy phdi hgp chinh xac cac thanh phin cau khi viet van ddi hdi su thuin thuc ve cac diem ngff phap nay
Ket luan Qua kit qua khao sat cac diem ngQ phap HSK 5-6 dua tren mgt sd bg dl thi HSK 5-6
va dl cuong HSK cao cap, bai vilt cd mdt sd ket luan sau :
1168 dilm ngff phap dugc thdng ke trong de cuong ngff phap HSK dugc chia lam 18 muc ngff phap CO ban xuit hien d cac cap HSK
khac nhau 6 HSK cao cap (cap 5-6), cac
dilm ngu phap dugc he thdng trong nam muc ngff phap chil yeu Nam muc ngff phap nay phan bd ddng dlu d cac dgng bat nghe dgc vilt Khac vdi HSK cip dudi, cac diem ngff phap trong HSK 5-6 khdng xuat hien nhieu
Trang 4Quach Thi Nga Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE
dudi hinh thffc cac dgng bai tap cu the nhu
chgn tu dien vao vjtri thich hgp hay phan
doan chgn dap an diing, sua cau sai ma cbii
yeu la vgn dung cac hien tupng ngff phap de
nam dugc ndi dung Trong nam muc ngiJ
phap, chi cd muc ngu phap cau dgc biet la
dugc ap dung da dang trong cac bai tap cy the
nhu chgn dap an dien vao chd trdng, chpn cau
sai, ghep tii thanh cau v v.Ngugc lgi myc
ngu phap cau phiic da tang, cum cau lgi chi ap
dung de dgc hieu cac ngi dung d cac phan thi
phyc vy cho cac ky nang nghe dgc viet Tit
phan bai tap ma de tai da he thdng hda cho
thay, muc ngff phap cau phirc chu yeu dugc
ap dung dudi dang bai tap chgn cau sai Muc
ngu phap phdi hgp ihanh phan cau chu yeu
dugc ap dung dudi hai dgng bai la chon cau
sat, va chgn dap an dung dien vao chd trdng
Sy phan bd nay cho thiy cac diem ngff phap
trong HSK cao cap da khd hon nhieu cac
dilm ngff phap d HSK cip dudi Nim dugc
sy phan bd nay va hinh thuc xuat hien cua cac trgng dilm ngff phap HSK 5-6 se khiin ngud^ hgc dn tap kiln thffc mgt each khoa hgc va de dang hon Nhffng phan tich cu thi ve mang kiln thuc nay bai vilt se trinh bay trong mot nghien ciiu khac,
T A I L I E U THAM KHAO
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3,T:m^,20l2it^, «ff&ii^7X-f-^-i^t^ffii^^^
^.mmu'thi-fi^'r'-^^,-^^ mHSKm^7K-r^
y^Sm H5l001-.H51005.PDF)tS*
m ^3t'T:tiJ,2011(3), 1-6
SUMMARY
THE DISTRIBUTION AND FORMS OF FOCUSED GRAMMAR APPLICATION
IN NEW HSK TEST PRACTICE MATERIALS LEVEL 5-6
Quach Thi Nga"
School of Foreign Languages - TNU
There has been a wide consideration on focused grammar in recent research on HSK Based on previous research, this paper aims to investigate the distribution and forms of focused grammar application in new HSK level 5-6, Furthermore, this study achieves some oriented rules, helping learners obtain the knowledge of grammar in advanced HSK Key words; Distribution, Application, Focused Grammar, New HSK level 5-6
Keywords: distribution, application, focused grammar, new HSK level 5-6
Ngdy nhgn bdi 15/9/2014; Ngdy phdn bien: 12/10/2014: Ngdy duyit ddng 25/10/2014
Phdn biin khoa hoc: TS Mai Thi Nggc Anh - Khoa Ngogi ngii - DHTN
Tel 0979 009769 Emaii quachngaknn@gmail com