vVe the hien noi dung cd ban va gia trj cot loi cua chien thang Ijch sir Dien Bien Phu trong sach giao khoa pho thong hien nay KIEU THE Hl/NG* Tr o i ^ Iich stt n h i n loai, cd nhuhg stt kien ma thbi[.]
Trang 1vVe the hien noi dung cd ban va gia trj cot loi cua chien thang Ijch sir Dien Bien Phu trong sach giao khoa pho thong hien nay
K I E U T H E Hl/NG*
Tr o i ^ Iich stt n h i n loai, cd nhuhg stt
kien ma thbi giaii cang lui xa tM g i i
tri cua nfi c i n g toa sang CMe'n t h i n g Uch
stt Dien Bign Phu l i mfit trong nhi&ig stt
kign nhtt vgy Sau mtttfi n a m d i trfii qua,
cMdn thang Hch stt Dien Bien Phu vfin
mai lfi ban anh hung ca bfii hu, trd thfinh
bieu tflpng cua m i m tin, n i i m kifiu h a n h
va tfl hfio ciia nhieu the' he Nhtthg co mgt
van d l dat ra l i , ng'u nhtt d i cfi mfit vi tri
xflng dfing trong Iich stt oai himg ciia dan
tfie v i gM d i u i n d i m ngt vao tidn trinh
phat trien ciia Iich suf n h a n loai trong the
ki XX, tM cMen t h i n g Hch stt Dign Bien
Phu da dtttfc thttc Mgn nhtt thg' n i o trong
day hpc Hch stt, hay noi mpt each k h i c ,
trong day hpc Uch stt cf trfldng pho thfing
Men nay, sfl kien lich stt tieu bilu ay da
dfltfc khai thfic tfldng xutag vdi gifi tri thcfi
dai ciia nfi hay chtta?
Khai t h i c gia tri cua kig'n thttc Uch stt
lfi vfi'n de ldn va bao h a m nMlu nfii dung,
of day chung tfli cM t i p trung xem xet chu
yg'u d Sfich giao khoa Uch stt phd
thfing-mpt trong nhflng yg'u to' cd a n h httdng trpc
tig'p tdi chat Ifltfng day hpc lich stt' v i cung
I i vi'n de dang dfltfc xa hdi dac bidt quan
tam, nhfl l i mfit trong nhflhg trpng t i m
cua nhigm vu ddi mdi can ban v i toan dign
nen gifio due \ ^ e t Nam Men nay
Trfldc tign phai k h a n g dinh nhuhg cd gang khfing nho cua cic n h i ngMen cttu, cic n h i stt p h a m trong bign soan chtttfng trinh, saeh giao khoa v i dpi ngu dong dao cfic t h a y cfl giio kM day hpc v l cMen
t h a n g lich stt Dign Bien Phu trong sudt nhiJtag n i m qua Nhtthg nhflng thay dli eiia dcd sdng xa hpi va ydu clu ciia sU ngMep ddi mdi, d i d i t r a ydu clu phai co eieh ti^p e i n mdi, d i y du hon, khaeh quan hdn, sau sac hoh, trong khai thae cic gifi tri cfl't loi ciia cMen t h a n g Hch stt Dign Bign Phij trong day hpc lich stt d trttbng phd thfing Mgn nay Vdi c i c h t i l p e i n nhtt
v i y , chung toi xin m a n h dan gdp them mfit
y kig'n d l cac n h a ngMen ettU va cac ban ddng ngMgp cung t h a m khao
KM Dai tttdng Vo Nguyen G i i p ttt tran, nMeu ngttbi khfing khoi b i n khofin khi bii't rang, tfin tudi cua Dai tfldng dflpc the Mgn r a t m b n h a t trong S i c h giao khoa lich stt phd thfing, d i e bigt l i trong nhiJng stt kign lich stt tieu b i l u nhtt cMg'n thing lich stt Dign Bien Phu Stt mP n h a t tgn tudi cua Dai tttfing - vi Tong Ttt ldnh v i "ngflbi anh ca" cua Quan dpi N h a n d i n Vi^t Nam
- trong nhflhg sfl kign nhfl thg', da d l lai mpt khoang trdng r a t khd khoa l i p tiong trfii tim cua h i n g trifiu ngttbi lufin ngflSng mfi Dai tfldng
Trang 2Tuy nMgn, van d l lai khdng chi dflhg
tai d dd, bdi nhfin dip ki mem 60 nam
diil'n t h l i ^ lich stt Di$n Bien Phu, kM
nhin lai S i c h gifio khoa lich s^ phd thfing,
theo chtti^ tfii, cbn nMlu npi dung r i t ctf
ban v i cdt loi cua stt Mgn Iich stt vi dai nay
dfi khfii^ dtttfc ^ c i p , hoic d l c i p chtta
tttdhg xtthg v i chtta ngang t i m vdi vi tri
vdn cfi cua stt kign a y trong lich stt
L i u nay, trong day hpc Iich stt, thttbng
dl tha'y mfit Mgn tttdng b i t cip, dfi l i dung
Ifltfng k i l n thflc qua nMlu, nhflhg vdi cMen
t h i n g lich stt Dign Bidn Phu, dttbng nhtt
lai l i ngfldc lai: Sach gifio khoa lich stt phd
t h d i ^ vilt v l cMg'n dieh Hch stt Dign Bien
Phu qua ngan gpn, neu khfing mufi'n noi l i
qua sd sii Mfit stt kign lieh stt "Lttag liy
nfim chfiu, c h l h dfing dia clu" nhtt cMen
dich Iich stt Dign Bien Phu, cM cMlm chtta
day ni3fa trang sich gifio khoa lich suf lorp 7
v i hdn mgt trang Sfich giio khoa Iich stt
Ifip 12 Sd Ifldng ay cM g i n nhfl tfldng
dttong sfi' tiang S i c h gifio khoa kM viet v l
cMen dich Vigt B i c thu - dfing n i m 1947
hofic cMg'n dich Bien gidl thu - dong 1950
C l hai chie'n dich n i y tuy r i t quan trgng,
nhuhg xfit t r e n nMeu phfldng dign, khdng
t h i so sfinh dttpc vfii cMg'n dich Uch stt
Dign Bign Phu Stt cfi dpng lfi c i n tMet,
nhflhg mpt b i i v i l t qufi cfi dpng nhtt thg',
khfi cfi t h i khai thfic hg't dfltfc gifi tri cua
sfl ki^n lich stt dfl'i vdi hpc smh, nhat Ifi
trong dilu kign hign nay, kM mfi cic sfl
ki^n cflng loai dang nggp trfin trgn cac
phttflhg tign thfing tin dai chung, vdi cfich
t h i M§n phong phu, Iai dfltfc chuyen tai
thfing qua hg thfi'ng cfic phfltfng tign vfi
cfing ngh§ t m y l n thfing Mgn dai
VIn bie't r i n g , ben canh sich giio khoa,
vin cbn du loai t i i Hgu tham khao, cbn
sfich hfldng dan, d i e bi$t l i vai trb rat
quan trpng cua dpi ngfl gifio vien gifiu tam
gifio khoa l i t i i Ugu khoa hpc nh£t, chinh
t h d i ^ nhat, hg thdng n h i t , ctf ban nhat v i dfltfng nhien l i quan t r p i ^ nhat t^a ca
t h i y v i trb O trttbng phd thfing, t i i ligu mfi hpc sinh til^p xuc d^u tien va chu yeu
I i sich giio khoa Sich giio khoa cdng I i tfii Hgu Ctf ban d l hoc sinh ttt hpc, ttt lam cic bfii t i p nhfin thttc Do dfi, sfich giio khoa phai t h i Mfin dfldc nhOhg npi dung cfl ban cua stt kign, trgn cd sd mot he thdng ttt Ueu phong phu va sinh dfing, du d l khai thfic dttpc nhiJng gia tri ctf ban cua stt kien
lich stt iy Vdi mfit dung Ittdng kien thttc
nhtt thd, that khfi kich tMch dttpc httng thd hpc t i p Iich stt cua hpc sinh, mpt van de dang dttpc coi l i dilm nhan quan trpng vfi
CO anh httdng trttc tiep tdi chat Ittpng day hpc Uch stt ct trttbng phd thfing Mfin nay Tuy nMen, van de dfit ra khfing cM d dung Ittpng kie'n thttc, mfi quan tipng hffn lfi dung Itttfng kig'n thttc ay da dij d l khai thfic hg't nhiJng gifi tri vdn cfi ciia cMdn
t h i n g Hch stt Di^n Bien Phu hay chtta? Cfi the dilm qua may vmi d l sau diy:
Mpt Id, mfit trong nhtthg muc tifiu quan
trgng vfi cung Ifi gifi tri c6t Ifii cua cMln
t h i n g Iich stt Dign Bign Phu, Ifi phfii k h i n g dinh dtttfc stt dung d i n v i sang tao tiong dflbng Ifi'i l i n h dgo cua Dang Lao dflng Vigt Nam vfi qua dd cung co' mem tin vfio sfl Ifinh dao cua Dang cho hpc sinh R i t tide, trong sich gifio khoa, dieu quan trpng nfiy, tuy dfi dfltfc the Men, nhflhg cbn sfl sai, tiiig'u day du v i rfi net Nfii dung htfn, sach gifio khoa chfla till Mgn d i y du vfi sau sic sfl dung d i n v i tfii tinh ciia Dang trong Ifla chpn tiin "Quyg't cMen cMen Ifltfc", vdi
"Diem hgn Uch sfl" Ii Dign Bign Phu Tham
cM, quylt dinh thay ddi phfltfng chfim tfie cMg'n, ttt "Dinh nhanh, t h i n g nhanh", sang "Dinh chic, tig'n chic"- m^t quyet dinh cfi y nghia quyet dinh tfii t h i n g Itfi cua cMg'n dich Hch stt Dign Bign Phu, d i khfing
Trang 3dfltfc de cfip tdi Htfn ntta, d i y cbn la c^vyit
dinh gan Uln vdi thien tai q u i n sfl cua Dai
tfldng Vo Nguygn G i i p - vi tttdng t i i ba da
trd thfinh huyen thoai, dtttfc ea n h a n loai
ngfldng mfl vfi la niem ttt h i o a i a n h i n d i n
Viet Nam, mfit diem n h a n r a t quan trpng
ciia ban hung ca Dign Bien Phu Mfit quyet
dinh Iich stt nhtt thg', da khflng dfltfc the
Men trong sach giio khoa Cd t h i nfii, viec
bo qua quylt dinh thay doi phfltfng cham
tac cMg'n va gan Uen voi quye't dinh lieh stt
ay lfi tgn tudi eua Dai tflflng Vo Nguygn
Giip trong sich giao khoa Hch stt phd
thfing, khfing cM la van de cua khoa hpc,
cua tinh cam, ma do cbn l i mfit khoang
trfi'ng, mpt ban che va tMeu sdt khfing nho,
khi khai thfic nhflhg gia tri cfl't loi ciia cMeh
thang Hch stt Dien Bien Phu trong day hpc
lieh stt Mgn nay
Hai Id, vai trb va sttc m a n h to Ion cua
nhfin dan- mgt trong nhflng nhan tfl' quye't
dinh cua cMe'n t h i n g Uch stt Dien Bign
Phii - cung dfldc the Men r a t mb nhat, vdi
nhttng con so rat khfl khan Ngflbi ta
khfing thay bfing dang ciia hfing chue van
bfi dfii, thanh nien xung phong, d i n cfing
hoa tuye'n, khong thay nhuhg xe, nhuhg
phao, nhttng "binh doan xe dap thd",
nhflng doan qufin "khoet nui ngu h i m , mUa
d i m ctfm vfit", vdi "mau trpn bun non, gan
khong nung chi khfing mon", nhttng doin
quan da ba't chap dan bom, ba't chi'p sufi'i
sau, deo cao, xe dpc mien Tay B l e digp
diep trung trting, de tie'n len giai phfing
Dign Bign Dttbng len Dien Bien thttd ay
thflc stt da la mpt trong nhttng ban anh
hung ea ra t r a n hfio hung n h a t trong Uch
stt cac cupc chie'n t r a n h giai phfing cua
nhfin dan vfi quan dpi n h a n d i n Vigt Nam
Ro rang, mgt vai sfl' Ueu ve ngttbi va vO kM
da ngu trong sach giao khoa, tuy ri't quan
tipng v i cin thie't, nhflng chtta du de the
Ba Id, s i c h giao khoa cdng chtta co mpt
dbng nao nhac tdi stt M sinh vfi cung to Idh ciia qufin va d i n t a trong eMd'n dich lich sQ" Dien Bien Phii H a n g v a n ngflbi da M sinh, hoac de lai mpt p h a n m i u xfldng cho cMen t h i n g Dien Bign, vdl nhflhg tain gfldng cMen di'u a n h dung nhfl Be Van
D i n , nhtt La Vfin Cau, nhtt P h a n Dinh Giot - nhuiig cfii tdn da trd t h i n h m i m ttt hao v i tain gfltfng s i n g eho tudi tre Vigt Nam sufi't trong nhieu thg' hg Dd chinh lfi nhflng chuhg n h i n cua lich sd, vfi cung nhd
d sfl M sinh vfi gia eua h i n g van con ngttbi nhtt the', mdi l i m n e n mfit "Vinh hoa do" mpt "TMen suf ving", l i m ngn mpt Dien Bign "LiJng lay n a m chiu, c h i n dfing dia clu" Tat ca stt M sinh ldn lao nhtt thg' da khfing he dfltfc nhac tdi trong sfich giao khoa Uch stt phd thong
Ciing can noi t h e m rang, vigc tranh nfii
v l ton that, M sinh khflng cH co ct CMg'n
t h i n g lich stt Dign Bien Phii, m i liu nay,
da trd t h a n h Men tfltfng pho bie'n trong
S i c h giio khoa lieh stt p h i thfing Day la van d l cua mfit quan diem can phai dtttfc thay ddi Quan diem dd cd the dung va can tMe't trong nhOhg giai doan lich stt nhat dinh v i phu hpp voi vile thttc Men nhttt^ nMgm vu chinh tri nha't dinh, ehtt do khong the la mgt quan d i l m n h i i qufin vfi dai lau trong ngMen cttu vfi day hpc lich su: hign nay Da dg'n luc phfii tra lai cho lich stt nhttng gia tri nguyen ban ciia nfi Tdn that, m a t m a t v i M sinh trong cMg'n tranh khong bao gid I i m ma't di gifi tri cua cMln
t h i n g , mfi trai lai, no lufln Ifim sau sac thgm gia tri ciia chie'n t h i n g ay Vinh quang cua dan tpc khflng cM dtttfc dttng xiy tfl nhuhg cMen t h i n g , mfi cbn dttpc xay dap boi sfl M sinh vfl gifi cua Ifirp Ibp cfic
thg' hg cha ong Hay tra lai eho thg' he trh
nhttng gia tri c h i n thttc ay- trttdc het l i
Trang 4de hp khfing cM b i i i s d i ^ tfl h i o , m i cbn
lufin bi^t sdng cfi trfich nM^m vdi nhflhg M
sinh vo gia ay ctia cha dng NhOhg gifi tri
cdt Ifii nhtt ihi, chac chan khflng t h i l i n g
qugn v i bo qua trong day hpc Iich stt d
trubng phd thfing Mfin nay
Bin Id, stt ung hfi ciia qudc t e vdi Viet
Nam, n h i n td quan trpng gfip p h i n l i m
ngn cMlii t h l i ^ Iich stt Dien Bien Phu,
cung chtta dttpc n h i c tdi trong Sfich giao
khoa Uch stt phd thfing Nfii d d i ^ hdn, ngi
dung n i y cM dttpc nhac tdi kM nfii v l
t^iiygn n h i n t h a n g lpi v i y nghia lich stt
cua cufic k h i n g cMIri chfi'ng Phfip (1945
-1954), vdi mfit ciu n h g n dinh ngan gpn,
mfi trttdc dfi khfing h i dttpc t h i Mgn bang
cfic ttt Ugu Hch stt cu t h i
N&m Id, sich giio khoa khfing nhflng
khfing d l mpt p h i n rigng, ma c u i ^ chia co
dbng nfio nfii v l nguygn n h i n t h i n g ldi vfi
y lich stt cua chinh cMen t h i n g lich stt Dign
Bign Phu Nfii dung hdn, sfich cM nfii v l f
nghia kM vilt chung vdi cube tien cfing
cMin Ittpc Dfing - Xufin 1953 - 1954, vdi
nhttng dbng sfl sfii v i tap chung chu ye'u v l
m i t quin stt Dilu n i y cfi t h i do, trong Sich
giio khoa Hch stt phd thfing, cMin t h i n g
lich stt Di^n bign phu dttpc x^p d vi tri r i t
kMlm tdn Stt M^n chin dpng dia clu ay d i
khfing dfltfc cfi'u trdc lfi rapt b i i rigng, m i
chi l i mpt phan, mfit mue cua mpt b i i trong
chuSi cic b i i cda cudc k h i n g cMe'n ehd'ng
Phfip Vi khflng la mpt bfii rieng, nen vigc
t h i Mgn f nghia eung nhfl nguygn n h i n
thing lpi cua stt ki^n n i y theo cau true
thdng thttbng, l i rat khfi k h i n
Cic stt kign cfi mdi quan hg chfit che vfi
khfing t h i t i c h rbi, nhflhg m6i sfl kign lai
cfi tlnh ddc l|[p v i vi tri r i t rigng Khflng
t h i tfich cMen t h i n g lich stt Dign Bien Phu
khfii cuOc tig'n c6ng cMlii Ittdc Dong - Xuan
1953 - 1954 cung nhtt cudc k h i n g cMen
djng khong nen hofi ddng qua s i u cMen
t h i n g lich stt Dien Bign Phu v i o cic stt Mgn do Bdi cMen t h i n g Iich stt Dign Bien Phu la stt kien tieu bilu v i ndi b i t khfing
cM trong khang cMen chdng Phap, ma cbn
la mgt trong nhflhg stt kien tifiu bilu v i noi
b i t trong Iich stt dau tranh giai phong cua nhan dan ^^gt Nam, mfit stt kign da di vfio lich stt nhtt mfit Bach Dang, mot CM Ling, mpt Ddng Da oai himg cua dan tdc, v i xa hdn nflia, trong Iich n h i n loai, Dign Bign Phii cbn lfi stt kign cua t h i M, sfl Men mang
t i m vdc thbi dai Do khflng cM lfi cfii mflc quan tipng ciia Uch stt d i n tfie, mfi cbn lfi stt kien cfi tfie dpng va anh hfldng quan trgng dg'n tig'n trinh p h i t triln ciia Uch stt
n h i n loai Vfii mfit vi the nhtt thg', cMen
t h i n g lich stt Dign Bign Phu cin tMg't va ngn cfi mpt vi tri xflng dfing hon trong cau true cua Sfich gifio khoa Iich stt phd thfing, cimg nhfl trang thflc tien dgy hpc Uch stt d trttbng phd thfing Mgn nay
Sdu Id, hg tho'ng cau hfii trong sfich giio
khoa cung tMgn ve dinh httdng ndi dung
m i dflbng nhtt chtta cd cau hoi nfio de cip den gifi tri nhan thttc cua stt kign, tttc vi^c nhan thttc cMln t h i n g Iich stt EK^n Bien Phu cfi y nghia nhfl thl^ nfio ddi vdi vigc bdi dttbng nhfin cich hpc sinh Diy cfi the coi lfi mpt trong nhttng kMg'm khuylt phd biln
v i d l thi'y trong Sfich gifio khoa lich stt phd thfing vfi p h i n nfio dfi tiong day hpc lich stt Men nay, kM mfi day hpc Iich stt thubng ngMgng v l dinh httdng npi dung, tttc l i
n ^ g n g v l day cfii gi? Hpc cii ^ ? M i chi^ that chu trpng d i n day kien thttc dfi d l Iim
gi v i hpc kien thttc dfi d l Iam ^ ?
De giai quyet dttpc v l h d l quan trgng
nfiy, c i n phai gili quye't dfltfc nhOhg vin
de H luan Hen quan d i h kien thflc Iich stt
v i gii tri cua kien thttc lich stt, ciing nhtt vigc khai thfic g i i tri ciia kien thttc lich stt trong day hoc
Trang 5Kig'n thttc lich stt v i g i i tri eiia kig'n
thttc Hch stt la hai van de cfi mo'i quan he
m i t tMg't nhttng khfing ddng nhat Stt lam
l l n hoac ddng n h a t gitti hai k h i i m e m
nfiy, cfi the lfi mfit trong nhiJng nguyen
nhan ctf ban d i n dg'n stt h a n chg' va thui
chot hflhg thu hpc t i p lich stt cua hpc sinh
Tham cM, day co t h i la mot trong nhuhg
nguyen nhan s i u xa va ctf ban, d i n den
nhCtag h a n che v i b i t cap trong day hpc
Hch stt Men nay, kM m i hpc sinh phai
nhd, phai thupc qua nhieu, ma khdng chu
trpng de'n gia tri cua kie'n thflc ay, tttc vigc
hpc v i thupc kie'n thttc ay de lam gi?
Kien thttc lich stt, du dtttfc phan i n h
dttdi nhOhg gfic dfi v i mtte dp khac nhau,
nhuhg no deu cfi nhiJng d i l m chung, dd la
phai dat tdi nhOhg gia tri nhfit dinh Dfi la
p h i n tinh tuy nha't cua sfl kign, la gia tri
cfl't loi, gop p h i n hinh t h i n h v i bdi dflbng
p h i m chat cua con ngflbi c h i n chinh vfii
dung nghia cQa ttt dfi Hpc cai gi eung viy,
cufi'i cung phai tra ldi dttpc cau hoi: hpc de
Ifim gi? KM tra Ibi cau hoi nay, ng'u danh
ddng lich stt vdi cac mfln khoa hpc khac,
nhat la cac mfin khoa hpc ttt nMgn, tM day
hpc Iich stt de bi tam thttbng hoa, thttc
dung boa Bdi kig'n thttc lich stt, chii yg'u
khfing giup con ngflbi giai quyg't nhflng VEUI
d l thflc dung hang ngay Lich stt thufic cac
mfin khoa hpc xa hpi, do do gia tri cua kie'n
thttc lich stt la phan h i n trong tdng hdp
nhan each cua mfli ngttbi Dd I i pham chat
cua U tttdng va mem tin, cua xiic cam n h a n
vfin tiong sang, ciia tfl duy lich stt, cua ban
Iinh xtt U cac vi'n de trong ddi sfi'ng xa hpi,
mfi ban linh i y dflpc hinh t h i n h ttt kinh
ngMem dflpc rut ra tfl cMnh qua trinh
nhan thflc lich stt Viec n h a n thflc kie'n
thttc lich stt, du nhieu hay it, du d gfic do
nao v i mflc dp nao, cufii cung eung phai dat
tdi vfi httong tdi nhttng gifi tri nhfl viy Bdi
ma l i ddt len ct do mfit ngpn Ida, nhfl nhfi giao due ndi ti&ig Uyliam Batd Dit da noi! CMen t h i n g Uch stt^ Dign Bien Phu co nhflhg gia tri cd b a n v i cdt loi Dfi l i vai tro lanh dao tai tinh cua D a n g v i Chu tich
Hd CM Minh; L i b a n lanh, tri tug v i tMgn tai q u i n stt cua Dai tttdng Vo Nguygn Gifip Cling nhtt cua dfii q u i n b i c h cMg'n bich
t h i n g - Qufin dfli N h i n d i n Viet Nam; Lfi sflc m a n h dcfi non lap bien cung nhfl sfl M sinh vo cung to ldn cua quan chung nhfin dan, ciia cac a n h hiong, Uet si; La stt giup
dd qui bau va Meu qua cua cac nttdc anh
em vfi cua n h a n dan yeu chugng h o i binh trgn thg' gidi; Lfi t i c dflng cd y nghia thbi dai ciia cMg'n t h i n g Uch stt Dign Bign Phu ddl vdi tieh t r i n h p h i t trien ctia lieh sijf dan tpc cOng nhtt Hch stt n h i n loai Do lfi nhflhg gia tri ed ban, gia tri cdt loi, l i tii san tinh t h a n vfi g i i trong giao due H tfldng va n i i m tin, giio due pham chat vfi
n h i n each cho hpc sinh, ma day hpc lich siJf phai hfldng tfii Dfi cung l i mue tigu cao ca nha't, l i n i i m vinh dfl ldn lao n h a t eua ddi ngu nhOtag ngflbi dam n h i n trpng t r i c h ve vang trong nghien cttu vfi day hpc v l cMen
t h i n g Hch stt Dien Bign Phu 6 trttbng phd thfing Mgn nay./
TAI L I E U THAM K H A O
1 B6 Gifio due vfi Dao tao, 2013 Lich sd 9,
Nxb Gifio due Viet Nam, HN
2 Bg Giao due vfi Dao tao, 2013 Sdd
3 Bd Giao due vfi Dfio tao, 2008 Lich sd 12 ndng cao, Nxb Gifio due Vigt Nam, HN
3 Hd CM Minh, 2000 Todn tdp, tfip 7, Nxb
Chinh tri Qudc gia, HN
4 Vo Nguyen Giap, 2000 Dien Biin Phd - diim