s u OUNG BAI TDAN NHAN THBG TRONG DAY HOC GAG QUY IUAT KINH Tl CUA CHU NGHIA MAC LENIN 6 TRU''''QNG DAI HOC ThS N G U Y I N TH! UNH H U Y ^ N '''' Sy nghiep doi mdi cua dait nudc dang dat ra nhdng van decap[.]
Trang 1su OUNG BAI TDAN NHAN THBG TRONG DAY HOC GAG QUY IUAT KINH Tl
CUA CHU NGHIA MAC - LENIN 6 TRU'QNG DAI HOC
ThS N G U Y I N TH! U N H H U Y ^ N '
Sy nghiep doi mdi cua dait nudc dang dat ra
nhdng van decap bach dd'i vdl giao dye vadao
tao trong ddcd nhldm vu phai do'i mdi npidung
vaphuong phap day hgc (PPBH) eac mon khoa hpe
Liluan Mac-Lenin
Cac quy luat kinh te cua chu nghTa Mac - Lenin la
mpt npi dung quan trpng cua mdn Nhi/ng nguyen li
cdban cua chii nghTa Mac - Lenin Cac hien tugng
kinh te trong xa hdi ra't da dang va phue tap, nhin be
ngoai dudng nhula hdn loan n g l u nhien, nhung thuc
ra deu bj ehi phdi bdi cac quy luat khach quan, dd la
cac quy luat kinh te Quy luat kinh te phan anh nhung
md'i lien hp ban chat, phu thupc nhan qua, ta't yeu, vd'n
cd cua eae hien tupng va eae qua trinh kinh te Trong
day hpc (DH) cac quy luat kinh te, phai ludn g§n lien
nhihig van de li luan vdi viec li glai cac van de KT-XH
trong thuc tiln, vi the viec neu va giai quyet van de
chinh la phuang phap dap dng dugc nhi^m vy dd cua
khoa hpc Li luan chinh tri Bay la PPDH ludn dat
ngudi hpc tmdc nhi?m vu n h | n thuc va kich thich
nangluctugiaiquyetnhiem vunhan thdcddmpteach
sang tsio (giang vien (G V) d i n d i t sinh vien (S V) vao
cac tinh huong ed van de, b4ng each dua ra nhung
baltoan nhan thdc)
1 Bai toan nhan thuc trong DH cac quy luat
kinh t e e u a chu nghTa Mac - Lenin
Bai toan nhan thuc la he thdng thdng tin xac djnh
bao gom nhung dieu kien va nhdng yeu cau cd tirih
mau thuin vdi nhau, d i n den viec xua't hien nhu cau
phal kh§c phuc b4ng each bien dd'i ehung, ndi each
khae, do la nhiem vy nhan thdc ma G V dua ra va yeu
c l u SV phal giai quyet Tuy nhi§n, se khong the tra
thanh bai toan nhan thdc neu nhu nhipm vu nhan
thdc do GV dua ra khdng bao ham trong do mau
thuin ed tac dyng Idl cudn, kich thich su td m_d tim
hieu cua SV, khien cho SV tiep nhan mau thuin dd
nhu mpt nhu cau ben trong chd khdng phai nhu mot
mSu thuan ben ngoai Thdng qua viec giai quyet cac
baitoan nhan thdc, SV se thu dugc nhdng kien thdc,
kTnang kTxao can thiet Bai toan nhan thuc chia lam
hai toai: Baitoan taihienva baitoan sang tao
1) Baitoan tai hien la loai bai toan ma SV ed the
tugialquyet dua vao nhdng kien thue da n l m dugc va kinh nghiem cua ban than, theo mot trat tU, khudn mau cd san do GV hoae giao trinh dua ra Hieu don gian, SV dua vao nhung kien thdc da n§m dugc va kinh nghiem ban than de hoan thanh nhiem vy nhan thue dang dat ra,
Vidii: Sau khi n l m vdng npi dung hai thupc tinh
cua hang hoa, dae biet la lugng gia tri eua hang hoa,
SV cdthe thuc hien duge bai toan tai hien sau day: I'/
sao quy luatgia tri yeu eau san xuat va trao dot hang hoa dim tren ca sa gia tri eua no? Tren co sd n l m
vung npi dung va yeu cau eua quy luat gia tri ta cdthe
datra eho SV baltoan tai hien trong bai Hgethuyetgia
tri thang di/nhu sau: Hay cho bietli/u thong co tao ra g'la tri thang da khong?
2) Bai toan sang tao la bai toan ddi hdi SV phai
sang tao cjiai quyet v l n de vi khdng the dua vao kien thdc cd san S V phai thuc sued nang luc dgc lap suy nghT, tu tim tdi phat hien, tdVg hgp va khai quat hoa van de, tddd tusuyluSndenJtra ban chat eua van de, giai dap dung yeu cau cua bai toan nhan thdc
Vi du: Khi giang ve quy luat gia trj thang du trong chu nghla tu ban, GVed the dua ra bai toan sang tao:
Gia tri thang da khong sinh ra trong iau thong, nhung neu khong co qua trinh luu thong thi ed the thu dage gia tri thang da khong?; Tai sao hang hda stic lao dgng la hang hoa dae biet? Onadc ta co hang hoa sdc lao dgng hay khdng ?
Nhu vay, trong nhdng bai toan sang tao nay da chda dung mau thuin giua kien thdc cu va kien thdc mdi, glt/a cai da biet va cai chua biet, von kien thdc khoa hpc li luan da cd vdi von thdc thuc tien da dang Khi hudng SV vao tinh hudng cd van de, GV cd the dua ra mpt van de hay he thd'ng nhimg v l n de qua cac cau hoi de S V nhan ra nhiem vy hpc tap cua minh va cam thay can phai gial quyet, tim cau tra ldi cho nhung cau hdi do ChSng han: Sau khi giang ve quy luat ehung cua tieh luy tu ban chu nghTa, G V ed
(kil-6/2013)-*TradBSB?il<9cTdyBJc
Tap chi Giao due so 311 41
Trang 2the dat ra cau hdi nhu mdt nghjeh li, mdt su kien bat
ngd, mpt dieu gi khdng binh thudng so vdi each hieu
cu cua SV ma khi mdi nghe tuwig chtmg n h u v d li,
lam SV ngac nhien: K.Manrchira quyluatcua tichkiy
tuban la eau tao hau cdcua tdban khong ngung tang
len nhang tai sao hien nay cau tao hOu cacua tuban
CO xu hudng giam xuong ?
So vdi bai toan tai hien, bai toan sang tao cd yeu cau
cao hon Tuy nhien, tSeu dd khong cd nghTa la phu
nh§n mpt toai nao Trong mpt bai toan nhan friuc can
phai sudyng hai toai bai toan nay Mdi loai ddng mpt vj
tri, vai trd nhat djnh, ket hgp vdi nhau nhlm muc dich
thyc hientcrtyeu eau eua baigiang, Cdthexem baitoan
tai hien va bai toan saig tao nhu nhung nac ttiang ma
yeu c l u nhan thuc ngudi hpe can phai vUptqua.Oelam
duge dieu dd, ddi hdi GV phal van dung linh tioat dedan
dit SV di tdviec giai quyet nhung van de tuong da de
dinnhungvandekhdkhan hon, Susangtao cung ehl
cd t h i nay sinh tdnen tang kien thuc da dugc chuan bj
trudcdd,vadaduge khaimddan dan Mat khac, viee su
dyng baitoan taihien dehd nay, baltoan sang tao dehd
khac khdng phai do suap dat ehu quan ma tuy thupc
vao npi dung kien thdc cua bai hpc,
2 Mot so luu y khi s u dung bai toan nhan
thuc trong DH cac quy luat kinh te cua chu nghla
Mac • Lenin
B I s u d u n g cd hieu qua bai toan nhan thdc trong
DH cac quy luat kinh te eua chu nghTa Mac - Lenin,
can luu ycac diem sau: /^Trong thanh phan cau hdi
phai ed p h l n kien thde da biet va phln SV chua biet
Hai phan nay c i n ed quan he vdl nhau, trong dd phan
chua biet la phan chinh cua cau hdi de SV cd nhiem
vy tim tdi, kham pha; 2)Hq\ dung cau hdi phai thuc su
kieh thich, gay hung thu, dae biet eau hoi g i n vdi eac
van de thuete, gan gut thudng Idicuon hung thu ngucri
hpc hon; 3) Cau hoi phai vda sdc vdi ddi tugng SV,
ham chda phuong hudng giai quyet van de, tao ^ e u
ki|n lam xuat hien gia thuyet va con dudng giai quyet
dung d i n ; <^Bai toan nhan thdc cdthe dat ra vao luc
b i t d i u bai mdi, b i t d i u mpt muc cua bai, mpt khai
niem, mpt mdi quan he nhan qua
Bai toan nhan thuc la sucau tnJc lai mpt each md
pham mau thuan khach quan ton tai vdn cd trong
chinh ban than nhung van de khoa hpe dua ra de hpc
tap Besudung cd hieu qua baltoan nhan thdc trong
DH cac quy luat kinh te eua chu nghTa Mac - Lenin d
trudngdaihpcGVcan hieu bietsau rpng vekie'n thdc
chuyen mon de lua ehpn nhung dan vj kien thuc cho
phu hgp vdi ddi tugng SV, Oua do, GV mdi xay dung
dugc tinh huong cd vs^ de mdt each vua sdc de xac dinh dugc nhung mau t h u i n , nhdng nghjeh li trong eac npi dung day hpc, tu dd hinh thanh kT nang xay dyng bai toan nhan thuc vdi he thdng nhung cau hdi
d i n dit, ggi md n h l m ket hgp nhjp nhang vdi eac PPDH khac Bai toan nhan ttiuc la mdt trorig nhung dae tamg ca ban cua PPDH giai quyet van de Su dyng cd hieu qua bai toan nhan thdc trang DH cac quy luat kinh te cua chu nghTa Mac - Lenin se gdp phan nang cao chat lugng DH cac mdn Li luan chinh tri dcae tn/dng dai hpc, •
T a i li§u t h a m k h a o
1 BO GD-DT, Dd an d6\ m&\ gi^o dgc Viet Nam giai
doiin 2006-2020
2 Tr^n Thi Mai Phtromg Day hpc kinh t^ chfnh tr)
theo p h m m g p h d p tich cure, NXB Dai hpc suphgm,
H,2009
SUMMARY
In the objectives and content of teaching and learningrenovaUon directingleaner's activation posi-tively, problem saving plays an Important role In the teaching method Of which arithmeUc of acquisition
is one of the fundamental characteristics Applying arithmetic of acquisition effectively will improve the quahty of teaching and learning political theory sub-jects at Universities
To Chiic kho du lieu
(ra'p theo trang 58)
trudng dai hgc va giao vien mdn S/nftftpcTHPTgdp phan ddi mdi PPDH theo hudng phat huy tinh tich cue hpc tap cua HS, sinh vien thuan Igi cho vi§c soan cae bai giang tren may vl tinh •
T a i lieu t b a m kbiio
1 CD-ROM Campbell Reece Essential Biology 2- Phan Diic Duy - Ph^m Dinh Van "KT nSng suu lim,
khai thac, sir dung tu \\&\i phgc vu giing day sinh hpc
6 truang phd thOng" Tap cht Khoa hpc vd Gido difc
TruoTig Dai hpc su-phEim - Dai hoc Hufi.sd 01-2007 trang 146
3 Le COng Triem - NguySn Due V a ITng d u n g
cdng nghe thdng tin t r o n g day hpc NXB Gido dvc
H.2006
SLIMMARY
The data sj^tem for teaching Biology In High School includes: Images, short clips, questions, exercises, complhnentory knowledge, and some e-lectures which are organized under the form of website on the CD • ROM are good sources ofreference for students and biology teachers
42 Tap chi Gide due so 311
-(kil-6/2013)