NGUYEN TAG DAY HOC GIAI QUYfT VAN Of TRONG DAY HOC O CAC TRUONG CAO DANG KI THUAT i r iS TO V A N K H O r Day hpe glai quyet van de (GQVD) la tao mdi tn/dng hpe tap tich ei/e, thach thdc tu duy, khich[.]
Trang 1NGUYEN TAG DAY HOC GIAI QUYfT VAN Of TRONG DAY HOC
O CAC TRUONG CAO D A N G KI T H U A T
i r i S T O V A N K H O r
Day hpe glai quyet van de (GQVD) la tao mdi
tn/dng hpe tap tich ei/e, thach thdc tu duy,
khich thich nhu eau ham mud'n duae gial quyet
van de hpc tap eua ngudi hpe, T d do, phdt trien d
ngudi hpc tinti linh hoat, tinh mem deo, tinh doe lap,
sang tao cua tuduy
Van dung day hpcGQVO vdo day cacmdnii thuyet
d cac trudng cao ddng kT thudt (CDKT) chinh la net
sdng tao trong viee dd'i mdi phuong phdp day hpc
(PPDH), lam cho nhdng kien thuc kTthuat khd khan
trd nen d l hie'u, It thuyet duae gdn lien vdl thue tien,
giiip sinh vien (S V) khong chi ndm vdng tri thde, phat
trid'n cdc pha'm chat tu duy ma cdn hinh thanh tinh
cam nghe nghiep tich ci/c
1 Khai niem day hoc GQVf)
Day hpe GQVB duae hieu la each thuc giao vien
(G V) dua ngucri hpc vdo mdi tnidng hethd'ng cdc tinh
hud'ng cd van devd to ehdc, dieu khien hptu lue, sang
tao glai quyet cae van de ddt ra trong tinh hud'ng, qua
do ngudi hpc ndm dupc tri thde mdi, each thde hoat
dpng mdl dong thcri phdt trien ndng luc tu duy
Ban chait day hpc GQ VO la ddt ra tmdc ngucri hpe
mdt hay he thong nhdng van de nhan thdc cd chij^
dung mau thuin gida cai da biet vdi cai chua biet,
chuyen hpc sinh vdo tinh hudng cd van de de' kich
thieh hptugiae ednhu eau muon GQVB, tddo ngudi
hpc linti hpi tri thde mdi mpt cdch tu giac, tich cue, tu
luc Day hpe GQVD doi hdi su chu dpng, tich cue, tu
lye cua ngudi hpc dudi suhudng din,ehl dao cuaGV
Tuy nhien, de ngudi hpc chu dpng, tich cue thi cdc
nhiem vu hpc tap phai ludn cd "van de" vol hp Cdc
nhi^m vu hoc tap khdng duoc qud dd hodc qud khd
Neu qud d l ngudi hoc khdng hdng thii, neu qud khd
se gay dc che cho hp GV phai theo sat qua trinh
GQVD ciia ngudi hpc de goi m d dan van de, giam
d i n dp khd bdng cdc eau hoi hodc gcri y md khong
duoc phep thdng bao ta/dc cho hp con ducmg dan tdi
ketqua
2 Dae diem hoat dong hpc tap cua SV d t r u d n g
COKT '
1) Hoc tap a trudng CDKT mang tinh rd nit chuyin nghiip va gan lien vdi nhung van di' chuyin mon nghe nghiep Net chuyen nghiep
trong hpc tap tai trudng COKT la nhdm tao ra su hoan chinh, chd't luong, hieu qua va tin cay, dupe bie'u hien nhusau:
+ Hoat dpng hpe tap eo ke hoach: S V phai tu xdc dinh mue tieu hpc tap va trinh tu cae budc phai thuc hien, cung nhu thdi gian hodn thanh mdi bude, moi ndi dung de dat dupe mue tieu trong hpc tap Viee lap
ke hoach va dutinh thdi gian hoan thanh thehien tinh chu dpng, eo trach nhiem vdl hpe tap va nghien cdu,
nd se tao dieu kien cho cac cdng viec dupc tien hanh dong bp, an khdp vd hieu qua; dong thdi de'sdp xep
vd quan li tien dp hpe tap hop 11
+ Tinh than trach nhiem chuyen tdm trong hpc tap: Day ehinh la pha'm chait cot ldi eua SV chuyen nghiep, khac hdn vdl hpc sinh phd'thdng va hpc sinh hpc nghe Hp ehuyen tdm trong hpe tap, bie'u hie'n d thdi dp chdm chivasay me hpe tap, nghien euu vdi tinh than tugiae, thuc suyeu nganh, yeu nghe da lua ehpn, it chiu suquan doc cua gia dinh, + Y thue ki ludt ciia SV: Tinh than ki ludt, phuc tiing ludn Id pham chat quan trpng ciia cdc SV chuyen nghiep Oieu do tao nen uy tin, vj the cua Idp, trudng cung nhuchat luang vd ket qua hpc tap eiia chinh ban thanSV
+ Tac phong cdng nghiep: Tac phong cdng nghiep the hien trudc het dviec tuan thu va quy trpng thdi gian Trong qua trinh hpe tap, thye tap hay trai nghiem thuc te'thivi$c tudn thu gidgid'c hoc tap, thuc tap diing hen Id mot trong nhdng nguyen tde ca ban, ludn Id yeu to dau tien de' danh gid tdc phong cdng nghiep cua SV kTthuat
2) Hgc tap a trudng CDKT cd tinh xa hgi cao nhung co tinh han iam (hgc thuat) ro han so vdi trudng pho thdng va trudng nghi'.Qe CO \he nim
bdt toan dien nhdng kien thdc chuyen mdn dtn/dng
' TnMng Cao dang cong nghiip Thai nguyen
Tap chi Gido dye so 311 33
Trang 2ddng hpc tap, dae biet phai ed ndng luc tu hpc, h/
nghien cdu, de co the tiep thu kien thdc han lam khoa
hpc, Phan Idn cae SV phai khac phue dupe nhung khd
khdn ve mdi tn/dng sdng, ve dae thu nganh hpc, tim
ra nhdng bien phap hpe tap rat hieu qua trong viee tu
hpc cua minh de hoan thanh chuang trinh hpe bdng
nhung diem sotieh cue
3) Hgc tap a tnrdng CDKT tuan theo hgc che
tin chi ddi hoi tinh chij dgng linh hoat vaglai quyet
van deangudihgc, Hien nay dao tao theo tin chi
yeu eau ngudi hoc phai cdtinh chu dpng rat eao, khong
phuthupcnhieuvaoGVnhutofdcday, Ngudi hpc phai
biet each ti/sdp xep ljch hpc, mon hpc sao cho phu hpp
vdi ban thdn; ben canh dd can phai ed mpt phuong
phap tuhpc diing dan vatren het Id mpt tinh than tugiae
eao dp, quyet tam dat duoc muc tieu de ra, Neu thieu
si/nd lue thi SV khong the dat ket qua tdt Day eung
chinh la diem khac biet so v6^ hpc sinh pho thong,
3 Nguyen tac day hoc giai quyet van de
Dua tren ca sd ddc diem hoat ddng hpc tap eua
SV tn/dng COKT va ban chat cua day hpc GQVD,
chiing tdi dua ra mot sd nguyen tac can quan triet khi
day hpc GQ VO dcae twdng COKT nhu sau:
1) Khuyen khich tinh da dang va chu dgng tu
rfuycuaSl'.Trong day hpc GQVD, GV phai taora
cac tinh hud'ng day hpc, khuyen khieh SV phat hien
vd'nde, hoatdpng tugide vatich cuede GQVD
Vd'n de thudng la cac cdu hdi hay he thd'ng bdi tap
ehua dupe giai dap, hoae chua cd duoc mptphuong
phdp cu the degiai ddp Van deco the' do G V de xua't
hodc do SV dexuat
Nguyen tde ndy ddi hoi dua vao tinh ed van de
trong day hpc, GV thiet kecac tinh hud'ng da dgng de
tao ra nhdng thach thuc, kich thich kha nang phdn
dodn, ra quyet djnh va linh hoat tu duy ciia S V thdng
qua eac tinh hudng day hpc duoc xay dung theo muc
tieu vd ndi dung mon hpc
2) Khuyen khich hgc tap theo phong each tu
hgc va nghien cm/, khuye'n khich SV tu hpc, tu
nghien cdu languyen tdc trong day hpc ehuyen nghiep
Bffl do phuong phdp hpe tap d bae dai hpe khac co
ban vdl phuang phap hpc tap dphdthdng la khdng cd
sukiem tra, hudng ddn cung nhu giam sat hang ngay
eiia G V nen SV phai hinh thanh eho minh thdi quen
vaphuong phap tuhpc
Ode trung cua day hpc GQVD dtrudng COKT Id
SV duqc ddt vao mpt tinh hudng van de SV phai hoat
d a i g tich cue, huy dpng tri thue va kha ndng cua minh
deGQVD Mue dich cua day hpe GQVD khdng phai
341 Tap chi Gido dye so 311
lam cho hp phdt trien ndng luc tu duy, sang tao va lac phong tuhpc, tunghien cuu.Thue hien tot nguyen tdc nay se dam bao tinh tu giac trong hpe tap, dam bao hpc dl doi vdi hanh, ndng cao dan kT ndng hpc tap cua ngudi hpe
3) Dua vao kinh nghiem va hoat dgng cua ngudi hgc Trong hoat dpng hpc tap hay lao ddng san xuat
luon dat ra nhung yeu eau, nhiem vu, tinh hudng can phai glal quyet Kinh nghiem giiip con ngudi van dgng nhung tri thdc da tich luy duoc trong qud trinh nhan thuc tn/de dd degiai quyet nhung van de mdi hi|u qua hon Nhung kinh nghiem cua ngudi hpe la thong qua hoc tap va eac hoat dpng hang ngay Ngudi hpe da nit
ra nhung bdi hoc, nhdng bi quyet, nhdng quy ludt ti/ nhung dieu minh dd bietva cam nhgn Cac mdn hpc trong chuang trinh dao tao d cac trudng COKT vdl noi dung day hpe thudng la nhdng bai toan kTthuat Do khdng CO mpt Idi giai duy nhat (don tri} nen de cd the gial bai todn kTthuat, can phai huy dpng vdn kinh nghiem tim toi nhieu each giai, nhieu phuang an, giai phap lua ehpn vdl lap luan logic phii hap vdi hoan canh Do dd, khi van dung day hpc GQVD phai biet tdn dung nhung uu diem eua kinh nghiem von ed cua SV de thiet ke cac van de tinh huong, cac bai toan kT thuat cho phii hpp nhdm phdt huy duae td'i da nang lue tu duy ciia SV
4) Trai nghiem nhi/ng quan hi chia se vi thach tht/c vi'tri tui Day hpc GQVD chinh la tao
mdl trudng thach thuc tu duy cua SV trong eac tinh hud'ng, cdc bai todn kTthuat khac nhau Vay nen, viec dpc lap thuc hien mpt minh se gap nhieu khd khan, GV phai biet to' chdc, dieu khien SV hoat dpng theo nhdm de' hp cd the chia se, ban ludn, trao doi tim ra phuang an tdt nhd't giai quyd't nhiem
vu hpc tap GV phai hudng dan SV each Idm viec
theo nhdm: biet Idng nghe y kien ciia cac thanh vien trong nhdm, biet phe phdn va biet each trinh bdy quan die'm cua minh trudc nhdm Cd nhuvay, day hpc GQ VO mdi ludn giiip SV duoc trai nghidm nhung quan he se chia va thach thde ve tri tue
5) Hgc deihay dd) va phat trien chinh minh
Nghien cdu li ludn day hpc da khdng dinh rdng, mudn ndng eao chat lupng day hpc thi can phai quan tdm den ngudi hoe vdi tu each Id chu the trong qua trinh hpc tap Day hpe GQVD xuat phat
tu nhu eau thi/c te eua xa hpi ddi hoi can cd nhung ngudi cd ndng luc GQVD; bdi ehinh ndng luc GQVD giiip con ngudi linh hoat, sang tao hon trong hoat
-(kil-6/2013)
Trang 3thue duoc viec hpc tap, giai quyet van de chinh la
eon dudng ca ban nhd't de' tiep thu tri thde, hinh
thdnh nang lue dethay dol va phat trien chinh m inh,
trdthanh nha kTsuehuyen nghiep Khdng ai khde,
phai chinh SV cd nhu cau, mong muon, tu giae
tich cue trong viec hpc tap nhdm thay doi ehinh
minh mdi tao ra s u thay dd'i eua hp Quan triet
nguyen tdc nay GV phai ludn Id ngudi cd van, to'
chuc, dieu_khien, dieu chinh de qua trinh hpc tap
cua SV d i l n ra tich cue theo mong mud'n
Day hpc GQVO la mot quan diem day hpc tich
cue cdnhieu uu diem, cdthe van dung d nhieu bdc
hpc, nhieu ngdnh hpc, mdn hpe khac nhau Tuy
nhien, thuc te day hpc cung eho thay khdng cd
phuang phap nao la van ndng phii hpp vdi tat ea dd'i
tuong Vay nen, vdi m i l dd'i tupng eg the, GV can
qudn triet mpt nguyen tdc rieng nhd't djnh de day
hpc GQVO ludn phii hpp va phdt huy toi da uu diem
cua minh •
t Bemd Meier - Nguyen Van Ctrong Lf luan dgy hpc
kT thuat - Phirong phSp v^ quS trinh day hpc, Berlin • Hanoi 200 i
2 D5ng Th^nh Hung Day hpc hien dai: Li luan
-Bi§n phap - Ki thuat NXB Dgi hpc qu6c gia, H 2002,
3 V.OKOn.NhuTigco'sffcua v i e c d a y h p c n e u van
de NXB Gido ditc, H 1976
4 Ha The'Nga- Dang VO Hoai Giao due hpc tflp 1.2
KXQ Gido due, W 1998
SUMMARY
On the basis of analyzing the nature of problem-solving teaching and studying characterisUcs of leam-ing activities of technical Junior college students, the article raises several principles of problem-solving teachingin technical Junior colleges nowadays Ap-nicai modules makes dry technical knowledge easier
to understand, links theory to practice, helps stu-veloping mental qualities but also forming positive professional sen Umen ts
TV ki va giao due tre
(Tiep theo trang 24)
for young children with autism Pro-ed
an international Publisher, USA 1996
3 SL Harris SL, Changes in cognitive a n d
l a n g u a g e f u n c t i o n i n g of p r e s c h o o l
children wit autism Journal of autism and
deverlopmental disorder 21, 199L
4 Robert L Koegel - Lynn Kern Koegel
Teaching C h i l d r e n with Autism 1994
5 Sicile - C Kira A u t i s m s p e c t r u m
disoder The Berkley Publishing group,
NewYork, USA 2004,
6 B Siegel Helping children with autism
learn Oxford University 2003
SUMMARY
Autism disorder is a type of pervasive
development disorders, which lasts to the
whole life and affects seriously to the
so-cial relations, soso-cial communications,
im-tlsUc children have difflculUes in learning,
perception, and knowledge about the
world One of the best method in taking
care of and supporUng the autistic
chil-dren Is to take the autlsUc chilchil-dren into
Inclushre education envirorunent which the
specially-educated teachers take part in
Mot SO giai phap nang cao
(Tiep theo trang 12)
eha't lupng NCKHXHNV cua GV cae trudng OH, ke'ca tn/dc mdt cung nhu trong tuong lai.Q
T a i li$u t h a m k h a o
1 Chinh phu Quyet dinh Phe duy^l Chiin luoc phdl Iriin khoa
hqc vd cdng nghi giai dogn 2011-2020, S6'418/QD-TTg
2 Hpc vi^n Chinh tri qudn sy Md'i q u a n h4 giua nang cao chfl't
NXB Qudn d0i nhdn ddn, H, 2004
3 Nguyen V^n Tu^n Di vao nghi£n cihi khoa hpc NXB Tdng
hop TP H6 Chi Minh, H 2012
4 Vu Quan li khoa hoc Q u i n li h o a t dOng nghien cihi khoa
hpc li lufln M a c - L^nin, NXB S\c thdt H 1992
SUMMARY
Quality of scientific research on social and humanity sciences done by lecturers in universities is always a special con -cem of organizations at all levels that are in charge of national Ministry ofEklucaUon and Training, many universities have made great efforts in directing, organizing social sciences and humani-Ues research activihumani-Ues but the quality of social sciences and humanities research of lecturers has not been significantly
im-?roved yet To continue removing the difficulties and generating reakthrough in the quality of social sciences and humanities research oflecturers, taking part In improving their status and prestige of scientific research, unlversiUes should keep on study-ing, developing and implementing the soluUons which focus on awareness raising, capacity Ouilaing management mechanism InnovaUon and preferential policies for the lecturers
Tap chi Gido due so 311 35