Ki NANG D p c VAN TIENG VIET CUA HOC SINH litP 1 NGirCd DAN TOC Cd HO ThS C A O X U A N U ^ U " Kinang (KN) dpc ehulieng Viet (TV), xet ve kT thuat doe, la mdt yeu eau quan trpng trong nha tn/dng ndi[.]
Trang 1K i N A N G D p c VAN T I E N G VIET
CUA HOC SINH litP 1 NGirCd DAN TOC Cd HO
ThS C A O X U A N U ^ U "
Kinang (KN) dpc ehulieng Viet (TV), xet ve kT
thuat doe, la mdt yeu eau quan trpng trong
nha tn/dng ndi ehung, tn/dng tieu hpe cung
nhulc^jl ndi neng.Oayiampttrong nhung KN giao
tiep ca ban va ed quan he chat che vdi cac KN Idi ndi
khac nen khi dupc hinh thanh va phat trien tot d HS
Idp 1, nd se tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho cac KN giao
tiep Idi ndi khac phat trien, tren eo sd dd viee finh hpi
mdn TVaHS tn? nen d l dang, nhanh chdng va ed
chat luang han, Trong dd, KN doc van la mpt trong
nhiing KN Idi ndi can bande HS thyc hien cac hoat
ddng dpc nham chiem linh tri thue
HS idp 1 ngudi dan Ide (DT) Co Ho khu vye Tay
Nguyen ndi ehung va dtinh Lam Oong ndi rieng gap
rait nhieu khd khan ve dieu kien sd'ng, sinh hoalva hpc
tap Oac biet ngdn nguTV la mpt rao can khdng d l
vuplqua khitre den tn/dng lieu hpe Ben canh nhung
khd khan ve KN viet, tre ciing gap nhieu khd khan khi
ndi vaphat am TV nguyen nhan chu yeu la do giao
thoa ve ngdn ngu'va mdi tn/dng tieng
1 Doi t u p n g , khach the, tieu chi danh g i a v a
p h u o n g phap nghien c i h i
Nghien cuu duoc tien hanh tren 210 HS Idp 1 ngucn
DTCO Ho dtinh Lam Dong trong nam hpc
2011-2012 Do tinh chat dae thii ve khach the va doi tupng
nghien cuu, nhdm nghien ci/u dasi/dung eae phuang
phap ca ban nhu thye nghiem nhan biet, quan sat
phdng vain
Dya tren ea sd li luan ve KN KN Idi ndi, KN dpc
chuTV, chiing tdi eho rang, KN dpc ehu'TV/a St/ran
dung tn thdc, kinh nghiem vingdn ngO TV vac thuc
hien cd hieu qua boat dgng doe trong nhi/ng van ban
khae nhau 6 mot linh vuc nao dd Can cd vao dieu
kien nghien euu, viec xem xet, danh gia KN dpc van
TV (xet ve kithuat dpc diing) cua HS Idp 1 ngudi DT
Co Ho dya tren 5 muc dp: lot, kha, tmng binh, yeu
kem va theo 3 tieu chi: tinh thuan thuc, tinh linh hoat,
tinh sai pham Cach tinh: lay diem cao nhat cua thang
do j 5 diem) tnjf di diem tha'p nhat eua thang do la 1
diem va chia cho 5 muc Oiem chenh lech gii/a eac
mdc la 0,80 diem T y dd, cae mdc dp cua thang do dupc tinh nhusau: -Oiem tnjng binh (OTB) < 1.8: KN dmue dp kem (muc 5); • DTB td 1,80 den < 2,60: KN dmdc dp yeu (muc 4); -OTB ty 2,60 den < 3,40: KN
d m y c dp tmng binh (myc 3); - D T B ty3,40 den < 4,20: KN d myc dp kha (myc 2); - DTB tu4,20 den < 5: KN d mue dp tot (myc 1)
2 Thue trang KN dpc van TV Trong TV, van la dan vi co ban ket hpp vdi eae phu
am de tao thanh tu Cd rait nhieu loai van trong TV: 2 nguyen am, 1 nguyen am va 1 phy am, 3 nguyen
am, 1 nguyen am dau v a 2 phy am cud'i, 2 nguyen
am dau va 1 phu am cud'i, Vilhe, de nghien ciiU mang tinh da dien, chiing tdi khao sat tren dai dien cua eac loai van trong TV vua ke tren
1) Tinh thuan thue eua KN dgc van la sy van
dyng phu hc^ cae thao tae cua KN ghep cac ehi? cai thanh van va phal am ehinh xae van dd Tinh thuan thye dupe the hien d sy thanh thao eua tiftig thao tac
va sy ket hcfp hop li cac Ihao lac ve so lupng va trinh ty trong qua trinh dpc van
Detim hieu linh thuan thuc cua KN dpc van TV, chiing tdi eho HS dpc 25 van khac nhau trong chuong
trinh TV 1,ketqualhu dupe nhusau (xem bangl)
Nhin vao bang tren, nhan thay, HS dat mdc'Ihanh thao" chiem sd'lupng rat it, dae biet khdng ed HS nao dmue dp "hoan toan thanh thao", chu yeu roi vao mii'c
"binh thudng" va"lung tiing", mpt sd'em roi vao tn/dng hpp "rail lung tung" (tuc mye tha'p nhat) dae biet P nhimg van khd hoae van ed 3 nguyen am holic phy amgheplai.Vidu,van"udrcdlPi125HSdmyc1ung liing" va cd 70 HS d mue "rat lung tiing"
Xel 0 van cd hai nguyen Sm nhu: "ia", "ay", "ua",
"eo" "ur, "iu", "or HS dat d myc thanh thao va binh thudng, trong dd mdc binh thudng chiem so lupng nhieu han So sanh vdi tieng Ca Ho, lieng Co Ho eiing ed cac nguyen am ddi, nguyen am kep nen nang luc danh van (doe van) eua HS ed the tot hon
'HpcrienQiiailigiaodDC
48 Tap chi Gido due so 309
-(kil-5/2013)
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Ti/ang tu, nhi/ng van co 1 nguyen am va 1 phu am
nhu: "Sm", ' u f , "em", 'am', ia so flat 0 muc "binh
Ihucfng'va "lung lung"
Bang tren cung cho thay dnhung van do 4 nguyen
am hoae phu am ghep lai, so HS dat KN dpc khong
cao, tham chi la rat thap Vi du, d van "leng", co 155
em i miic "rat lung tung" (73,80%) 50 em a muc
"lung tiing" (23,80%) va chi co 5 HS dat miiK "binh
thudng" Thuc te quan sat HS trong qua trinh nghien
ciiu cho thay, cac em gSp rat nhieu kho khan trong
danhvan.6edpcducrcm6lvan,cacemphaimatm6t
khoang thcri gian kha iau (trigiac mpt liic moidanh van
dupc) Quatrinh danh van chua thuan thuc the hien 0
chdcac em chua dpc ngay dupc ma phai co thao tac
ghep cac chi? cai lai vcri nhau, sau do moi CO thedanh
v^n toan bp
Nhi?ng khao sat tren cho thay KN dpc van TV cua
HS lop 1 ngucri DT Co Ho xep dmiic yeu xet ve tinh
thuan thuc, vcri diem tnjng binh 2,32
2) Tinh linh hoat cua KN dpc van TV la su the
hi#n on dinh, ben viing vasang tao cua KN dpc thanh
tid'ng cac van trong cac dieu kipn khac nhau cua hpat
d^ng dpc
Tinh linh hoat trong KN dpc van TV cua HS lop 1
cac nhom van co cung nguyen am hoae phu am Neu nguyen am nay ket hcfp vcri nguyen am hoae phu am khac thi se cho nhung van voi cac am khae nhau Coeac loai van nhusau: loaieocungl nguyen
am dau, loai co cung mpt nguyen am cuoi, loai co Cling 1 phu am cuoi, loai eo cung 2 phu am cuoi, loai
CO Cling 2 nguyen am dau Ket qua khao sat duoc ' " " 3 hpp dbang sau:
Bang! Tinh Inh hoalKNiJgc van TV
Ucmiic KtunfuUi«ng VJndyrigdiracil B«nihuai>9
M v t n d v n g HotnioAnlirAho;!
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Tir bang tren, xet mdt each tong quat, sulinh hoat trong KN dpc van TV cua HS lap 1 ngudi DT Co Ho 1^ thap Phd' diem chu yeu tap tnjng d mut "van dung dugc i f v a mire "binh thucmg" d v a n c62 nguyen am
"ay", "ua", "au", "ao", "iu" co tdi 120 HS o mi>c "van dung duocifvaQO HS datdmuc "binh thudng", Tuang
tu, 0 van ed eung 1 phu am cud'i, ed tdi 130 em dat
m\tc "van dyng dugc i f va chf cd 75 em d m \lc "binh
thudng", 5 em o mu-c "biet van dyng linh hoaf Dae biet, ovan ed eung 2 phy am cud'i "ong", "eng", "ung",
"ang", "ang", cd 5 em dat 0 muc thap nhat (muc "hau nhukhdng van dung dugc"), 140 HS dmue "van dung dugc i f v a c h i ed65 HS amue "binh thucfng" Viec trigiac hinh anh con chude dgc len diing am thanh la mdt nang luc rat quan trgng eua nguoi dgc Mac dii d nhung van khae nhau cd mdt so nguyen
am hoae phu am gid'ng nhau, nhung khi ghep vcri nhung nguyen am va phy am khae nhau thiam thanh
"vang" len trong dau ngudi doc va "phat" ra Ihanh tieng ben ngoai la khac nhau HS kjp 1 nguoi DT Ca
Ho chua biet linh hoat ehuyen cac am khac nhau khi dgc nhOng v l n nhuvay Khiquan sat HS doe van "ur
va van "oi" ehung tdi tha'y, each danh van cua HS thi dung nhung trgng am (am chinh) lai rai vao T ehu khdng phai la "u" hay "o" Vi vay ma viee danh van, phat am eua cac em sal vdi am ehuan cua van Dieu nay d i n den m uc do KN dgc cua eac em la tha'p Ket qua xu li so lieu dbang dudi day cho thaiy tinh linh hoat trong KN dgc van TV cua HS idp 1 nguoi DT
Ca Ho v l n d m u t yeu, vdi diem trung binh 2,36
Tap chi Gido due so 309 149
Trang 3viec mac 161 hay khdng m§c Idi trong khi tien hanh
hoat dpng dpc van thanh tieng
De danh gia tinh sai pham trong KN doc van TV,
Chung tdi cho HS dgc 25 van khae nhau trong chuang
trinh hoc theo quy djnh vcfi su da dang cua eae loai
van Ket qua thu duae nhu sau:
Bang 3 Tinh sai pham KN doc van TV
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Can eu' vao bang tren ed the thay, nhin ehung,
tinh sai pham trong KN doe van TV cua HS Idp 1
ngudi DT Co Ho d miJrc rat cao (HS gap nhieu sai
pham khi danh van) Hau het phan bo diem d mue
"mac rat nhieu Idf, "mac nhieu Idi" va "mac it Idi", dae
biet d nhung van co tuf 3 nguyen am hoae phy am
ghep lai VI dy, d van "uang" ed tdi 135 H S (64,30%) d
mue "mac rait nhieu l6r, 70 HS (33,3%) "mic nhieu
IdrvachicdS HS datmuc"m§eitlof dnhung van cd
2 nguyen am, HS Idp 1 ngudi DT Cd Ho ehu yeu d
miic "mac nhieu l6r va "mac it loi"
Cac Idi ma HS thudng m i c phai la danh van sai
(sai ve am), thao tac danh van khdng dung logic, phat
am tung chu dung nhung khi ghep Igi de phat am
toan bd thi sai Vi dy, khi danh van am "udi", mdt so
em danh van la "d - T - V d thanh "udf, tu"c HS danh
van am "dr trudc chu khdng phai tdam "u" Day la loi
danh van ma giao vien phai can thiep sdm de hoan
50 Tap chi Gido due so 309
doe van TV eua HS Idp 1 ngudi DT Co Ho d tieu ehi sai pham la miie yeu, vdi diem trung binh 2,46 _
T u ket qua xep m uc do cua 3 tieu chi "tinh thuan thuc", l i n h linh hoar, l i n h sai pham", ehung tdi cd bang td'ng hap KN doc van eua HS Idp 1 ng Jdi DT Ca
Ho (bang4):
Bang 4 Miic do ehung KN doc van TV
Ti^udrt
U n h I h u a n Ihuc Tinh linh h o a t
T i n h sai p h a m
D t ^ t n j n g txfjh ( O T B )
2 , 3 2 2,46
D O i e c h Chu^n (Sd) 0.23 0.2S
M i r c d O YSU
Yeu
x e p m i l e dO Chung
Y t f u
KN dgc van TV la mdt trong nhung KN ngdn ngC
CO ban cua HS Idp 1 ndi ehung v a l c p l ngudi DT Co
Ho ndi rieng TtJf nhung ket qua tren ta thay, KN dpc van TV eua HS Idp 1 ngudi Co Ho edn rat yeu Cd st; chuyen di tieu ci/c tii tieng Co Ho sang TV trong qua trinh doe van TV cua HS •
Tai lifu tham kh&o
1 BO GD-DT Chmmg trinh tiiu hoc NXB Gido dftc,
H.2002
2 Mai Ngoc Chir - Vfl Dire Nghi^u - Ho^ng Trong
Ti^n Co'so'ngOnngu'hoc va tieng ViSt "NXB Dgi hgc
vd Trung hgc chuyin nghiep, H 1992
3 Bui Minh Dao DSn t6c Ccr Ho a Viet Nam NXB
Khoa hgc xd hdl, H.206\
4 DoSn Thiiy Hanh Thii^l ki cdng ngh$ hgc liing
38-03, 2008
5 Ducmg Dieu Hoa Minh ihdnh ki ndng dgc vd viil
tiing ViSi cho hgc sinh ddu ldp I LuSn an Ph6 li^n si
Tamlihpc, H 1995
6 Jacqueline L Williams - Christopher H Skinner-Randy G Floyd - Andrea D Hale - Christine Neddenriep
- Emily P Kirk "Words correct per minute: The variance in standardized reading scores accounted for
hy reading speed" Psychology in the Schools, volume
48 Issue 2, pages 87-101, February 2011
7 Maryse Bianco Catherine Pellenq Eric Lambert -Laurent Lima - Anne-Lise Doyen "Impact of eariy code-skill and oral-comprehension training on reading
achievement in first grade" Journal of fiesearch In
Reading, 2Aizn20\\
SUMMARY
Spelling skill Is one of the basic languages of I grade According to the result of study, Vietnamese language spelling skill of Co Ho minority I grade Is iransferring from Co Ho language Into Vietnamese