PHnTHUVTinHTiCHCiJiicunsiiiHuiciimcnnGHnHGiRODycinflinnoii TRONG Glil M G HANH BD MDN GIAO DOG HOG MAM NON PGS TS NGUYEN THI HOA* 1 Tinh tich cue (TIC) cua sinh vien (SV) trong qua trinh hpc tap d tn/[.]
Trang 1PHnTHUVTinHTiCHCiJiicunsiiiHuiciimcnnGHnHGiRODycinflinnoii
TRONG Glil M G HANH BD MDN GIAO DOG HOG MAM NON
PGS TS N G U Y E N THI H O A *
1 Tinh tich cue (TIC) cua sinh vien (SV) trong
qua trinh hpc tap d tn/dng dai hoc duae coi nhu mot
pham chaitam licanhan, la nang luc gial quyet nhiem
vu hoc tap vdi hieu qua cao bang st/co'gang ndluc het
minh nhSm glai quyet cae nhiem vu da dat ra trong
hoatdong eua m inh TTC cua S V duae xac dinh nhu
lathaiddeuahodd'lvdithegldihlenthi/cxung quanh,
long khat khao mong moi chiem Ilnh tri thiJc va van
dung kinh nghiem da biet vao tht/c tien
TTC cua SV Khoa Giao due mam non{GDMN)
\\Qr\qq'd\\qe thuc hanh bo mdn(J\\hU) Giao due hoc
mam non(GDHMN) dupc xac dinh bang cac tieu chi:
cd bieu hien hung thu trong gid hpc THBM; chu dpng,
ddc lap van dung li thuyet da hpc vao thuc tien, tim kiem
phuong tien phii hop degiaiquyel nhiem vy dupc giao;
ndlycedging hel minh hoan thanh nhiem vydadatra
va dat dupc ket qua tren gid hpe thyc hanh
Bien phap nang eao TTC eua SV trong gioTHBM
G D H M N /a each lam eti the trong boat ddng day va
hoe cung nhau giua giang vien (GV) va SV nham
phat huy TTC cua S V trong gid hgc thuc hanh
Sudyng cac phuang phap giang day (PPGD) tich
cue tren gid hpe thue hanh giiip SV cd nhieu ca hdi
phat huy duoc TTC eua minh va huy ddng von kinh
nghiem da biet vao thi/c tien cham sdc - giao dye tre
NgUpe lai neu GV sudyng PPGD khdng tich cue de
lam cho ngudi hpc thy ddng, y lai vao G V,
2 Bp mdn GDHMN trong chupng trinh dao tao
eua Khoa GDMN vua la mdn hpc ca sddong thdi la
mdn hpc ehuyen nganh - mpt hpc phan bat budc
quan trpng trong chuang trinh dao tao giao vien mam
non (G VM N) Mdn hpe nay eung cap cho S V ca sd li
luan ve GDMN, qua dd, hinh thanh cho hp ki nang
n g h i nghiep deed theloehuc eac hoat dpng giao dye
tre d tn/dng MN Vi the, phat huy TTC ciia SV Khoa
GDMN la mdt yeu eau cap thiet hien nay,
Ket qua khao sat thuc lien tren 20 GV Khoa GDMN
(dcae tn/dng cao dang (C0), dai hpc su pham (OHSP)
mdtsdtinh:HaNdi, Phil Thp, Dong Nai, Hau Giang,
Can Tha) nam hoe 2011 -2012 cho thay, 89% GV day
40 Tap chi Gido due so 309
mdn GDHMN duoc hdl da nhan thuc dupc V! tri eua mdn hpc trong chuong trinh dao tao va coi day la bd mon nghiep vuquantroigde'ren luyen tay nghe cho SV, giiip
SV cd nhieu ca hdi thyc tap nghe va la mdi to/dhg tot de phai huy TTC cho SV ehuyen nganh GDMN 85% y kien cho rang, can thiet phai phat huy TTC cho SV trong gid hpc mdn G DH M N ndi ehung va gid thuc hanh ndi rieng Tuy nhien, trong thuc tiln giang day, 86,25% GV chua quan tam den viee phat huy TTC ciia SV trong gid thue hanh vi hp rait khd khan trong viec tim kiem va lua chpn cac PPGD tich cue; 13,75% cho rang, hp cd quan tam nhung hieu qua chua cao vi quy thai gian danh eho THBM qua it, dieu kien e a s d vat chait thieu thd'n,do dd, hieu qua phat huy TTC cua SV cdn thap
Cae phuang phap, bien phap G V sudyng tren gid thue hanh bd mdn:
- Phuang phap tt/nghien cdu tai lieu it dupe si)
dyng, chi ed 47% G V sir dung phuang phap nay vdi myc dich yeu cau SV dpc lai lieu trudc khi den Idp, chuan bi san gid hpc tren Idp
- Phuang phap thao luan: 74% eho biet, hp su
dyng phuong phap thao luan Trong khi thao luan,
GV thudng chii y den viec giao nhiem vy eho SV phii hop vdi kha nang giao liep cua hp (86%)
- Phuang phap tht/c hanh: 78% y kien eho biet
hpdua SV xud'ng tn/dng mam non thuc hanh nhung chu yeu la eho SV kien tap, quan sat GV lo ehu'c mau mpt so hoat dpng giao due tre d eac dp tud'i, sau
dd, phan tich eho SV hieu nhung uu diem va han checua cae gid da kien tap Cdn lai 22% y kien dupc hdi tra Icri, hp cho SV xud'ng trudng kien tap va lap day tren tre
Ket qua khao sat cho thay, eac G V d eac tn/dng cao dang, dai hpe su pham khoa GDMN da quan tam den viee lua chon cac cae phuong phap, bien phap day hpe tieh cue trong gid THBM Tuy nhien
' Khoa Giao due nam aiw, Tnfong Dai hoc si/ pham Ha Noi
-(kil-5/2013)
Trang 2lien giang day con kho khan va han che
Kel qua khao salbieu hien TTC cua 140 SV (nam
hoc 2011-2012) Irong gio hoc THBM GDHMN i j
Khoa GDMN mot soWdngOH.CDSP (Ha Noi, Phu
Thg, Oong Nai, Hau Giang, Can Tho) cho thay (xem
bang 1}:
Tttj
Cti
1
3
""""-—^ ^^ Mixta
HiJnglhu
CtwdOng dOc I3p van dung U
thuy^ i/So Ihuc bin
Ni \if: hoan marVi nhi«m vu
va dat duoc ke'i qua
Cao (3d)
SL
25
12
%
107 20,7
10
Ta
SI
JO
43
2d)
%
?14 40.6
302
Tldpdd)
SL
40
65
%
67 9
387
598
X 1fI7
1,55
Thue trang TTC eua SV tren gid thuc hanh dao
dpng gii/a mdc trung binh va thap, Nguyen nhan la
do GV chua hudng vao ngudi hpc, mat khac hp lung
tung va gap khd khan khi su'dyng cae PPGD lich cue
trong gidhpc thuc hanh Ben canh dd, thdi luong gianh
cho gid thuc hanh it, co sdvat chat phyc vy cho giang
day cdn han che
3 Oe kh&e phyc thuc trang tren, chiing tdi de xuat
mpt so bien phap phat huy TTC cua SV trong gid
hpe THBM GDHMN:
1) TSng cudng hoat dgng hop tae nhdm:
+ Muc tieu va y nghTa cua bien phap: tao cUo nguai
hpe edea hdi lam viee eung nhau hpc hdl kinh nghiem
lln nhau va eiing kh^e phyc khd khan de hoan thanh
nhiem vy thue hanh da dat ra; + Ndi dung cua blen
phap:M6\ SV dupe hpc tap trong mdt nhdm va cd su
eong tac giua cac thanh vien trong nhdm, giira cae
nhdm vdi nhau Hoat ddng nhdm trong day hpc (DH)
hop tac bao gom hc^ tae gii/a cac SV trong ciing mdt
nhdm, hpp tae gii?a cae nhdm vdi nhau va hop tac
gii/a SV vdi GV; + Caeh thuc hlen:Jao mdi tn/dng
hpc tap thu^n Ipi eho gidhpc thue hanh (dam bao thdi
gian, khdng gian, tao bau khdng khi hpc tap edi md
than thien); Tang cudng eac hoat ddng nhdm trong
gidhpcthuc hanh, Cy the: • Hep tae SV tn^ng nhom
thuc hien theo tien trinh sau: Ca nhan tunghien cuu;
Thao luan nhdm; Trinh bay ket qua eua nhdm; - Hop
tacgiOa eae nhdm theo eae budc sau: Phd'i hop hoat
dpng ghep eae nhdm hoae dong nhait hoa cac ket
qua hpe tap cae nhdm; Cac nhdm trinh bay ketqua va
Cling nhau thao luan dd'i thoai ve vain de nghien cuu
cua cac nhdm; Rut kinh nghiem giiia eae nhdm, hpc
tap l l n nhau de lan sau ketqua hpp tac tot han; - Hop
^e giua GVva SV: GV giao nhiem vy hoae de cac
nhdm ty chpn nhiem vu va thuc hien theo muc tieu
cac nhdm, giiip dd tao dieu kien khi can thiet; Cac nhdm trinh bay kel qua, G V Igng nghe va td'ng ket lai cac van de chinh tren gidhpcthuc hanh
2) Kit hop eae hinh tht/e lam bai tap (ea nhan, nhdm ea Idp) trong gid THBM tren Idp hgc:
+ Mtictieu vay nghla eua bien phap: Giup eho SV
van dung li Ihuyel da hpc vao thyc tien Su ket hpp lam bai t^p ca nhan, nhdm, ca Idp mdt mat phat huy dupc het kha nang lam viec ddc lap cua tung ca nhan, mat khac, day cho SV kTnang hoatdpng eiing
nhau; + Ngi dung eua blen phap: Bai tap tliue hanh
la nhi/ng bai tap van dyng ii thuyet degiaiquyel cac van de trong thyc tien, ren luyen tay nghe bao gom • -Lap kehoach to chuc cac hoat ddng GD tre;-Bai tap giai quyet mdt so tinh hud'ng su pham; - Bai tap
quan sat su pham,, ; + Cach thuc /7/en,'G V giao va
yeu cau SV lam bai tap thuc hanh hoae cho SV tu lua ehpn (trong npi dung hpe thuc hanh tren ldp) Trong qua trinh lam bai tap, SV suy nghl, tim each giai quyet van de da dat ra cdn GV theo doi va trp giup khi can thiet, Sau khi lam xong bai tap thi tien hanh chiia bai tap, Cud'i eiing nhan xet, danh gia ket qua bai tap va rut kinh nghiem
3) Thudng xuyen cho SV tht/c hanh day tren Idp va tht/c hanh day tre dtrudng MN: + Muc tieu
vay nghia ctJa bien phap: Jap cho SV kTnang toehue
hoat ddng G D tre, lam quen vdi thue lien G D va giiip
hp manh dan, tutin, ddc lap va sang tao trong gid hpc thyc hanh, boi dudng tinh cam g^n bd vdi nghe, dap ung dupc myc tieu dao lao d cac trudng su pham;
+ fjgt dung eua bien phap:J\)tic hanh tap day p tren
Idp vadtn/dngMN; + Cac/ji'/?u'c/7/en.-Tap day fffren fc^.Chia Idp thanh cac nhdm nhd, mdinhdm tu bau nhdm tn/ong GV giao nhiem vy va quy dinh thdigian thyc hanh Cae nhdm tap day tren Idp cdn GV bao quat, djnh hudng cho eac nhdm hoatdpng vagiup dd khi can thiet, Sau khi lap day xong, limg nhdm quan sat du gid lin nhau Nhan xet, danh gia gid tap day
cua tung nhdm; - Tip day a trudng MN: G V dua SV
xuong cac ta/dng M N deTH B M M di Idp se chia thanh nhieu nhdm nho va g i n cac nhdm SV vao Idp thye hanh Ket thuc dpt thyc hanh, GV seed danh gia ehung cho tdng nhdm va ket qua eua mdi ea nhan
4) Khuyen khieh SV tu nghien euu, tu to' chiie mot so hoat dgng theo chu detren gid tht/c hanh (DH theo duan): + Mtictieu vay nghia
cua blen phap: Ren luyen cho SV kT nang ty to'
chuc hoat ddng theo chu de trong gid thuc hanh bp
Tap chi Gido due so 309 41
Trang 3quyet mdt nhiem vu cd lien quan den viee thyc
hien chu de ehung ciia ca Idp Trinh bay bao cao
ketqua, san pham cua nhdm minh Irudc cac nhdm
khac; + Caeh thuc hien: Xac dinh md'i quan lam_
cua SV, ket hop vdi muc tieu eua gid thyc hanh de
lya ehpn ehu de hpc thuc hanh va quyet djnh ehu
de duan Chia tap thanh nhieu nhdm va mdi nhdm
tythye hien cdng viec cua minh cdlien quan ehung
den chu de dy an eua Idp, Cac nhdm tu lien he
trudng MN va xud'ng trudng khao sat kha nang
thuc cua tre Lap ke hoach to chuc hoatdong GD
va lien hanh thye hien Dong thdi ket hop quay
video clip gid day dd va mang san pham ve Idp
trinh chieu cho eac nhdm khac ciing xem, Cae
nhdm nhan xetva danh gia kel qua eua Idng nhdm
theo mye tieu va nhiem vu da de ra
4 Chiing tdi tien hanh thuc nghiem (TN) mdt so
bien phap phat huy TTC cua SV trong gid THBM
GDHMN (tren 2 khda K.59 va K,60 Khoa GDMN
Tn/dng DHSP Ha Ndi) dya tren 3 lieu ehi (TC): lang
eudng hoat ddng hpp tac nhdm kel hop cac hinh thyc
lam bai tap (ca nhan, nhdm, ea Idp) trong gid THBM
tren Idp hpc; - Thudng xuyen cho SV thuc hanh day
tren Idp va th uc hanh day Ire d tn/dng M N; - Khuyen
khich SV ty nghien cdu.ty to ehyc mpt so hoat ddng
giao dye tre theo chu de tren gid thyc hanh Ket qua
thu dupe nhu sau (xem bang 2}:
Kh6a,
s6 lucmg SV
K59(4e)
K.59 (46)
K 60 (45)
K 60 (45)
S6iando
TTC SV
TruiScTN
SauTN
TmftTN
SauTN
Bie'uhi^nTTC
X T C I
204
2,36
211
2 57
XTC2 1.73 2.54 1,96 2.53
XTC3 1,90 2,50 2.04 2.60
X3TC
189 2,47
2 03
2 57
d ca 2 vdng TN deu cho ehung mdt kel qua, cac
bien phap de xuat da cd tac ddng tich cue den TTC
ciia SV tren gid THBM GDHMN Sau TN, TTC cua
S V dupc nang cao han so vdi tn/de khi TN ca ve m at
djnh tinh va djnh lucmg TTC cua SV tap tmng d muc
dp gii?a cao valnjng binh, so SV cd bieu hien TTC d
mycddthap dagiam didang keso vdi tn/dc TN Sau
TN, TTC cua SV dca 3 TC deu cao han so vdi tn/dc
T N d a c b i e t d T C 2 v a 3
Ket qua khao sat bang bang hdi sau TN: 94% y kien
SVduoehoimong mud'n dupe hpe theo mdt soPPGD
dadexuatdtren.Tuy nhien, van cd 2% y kien dupc hdi
"khdng th'ictf va 4 % y kien "khdng co cau tra IdF
42 Tap chi Gido due so 309
hanh dtren kip va d tn/dng M N vdi cae li do: "Gidthuc hanh giup em hieu duae li thuyet sau hdn, biet van dijng nhOng dieu da hoc vao tht/c tiin" "Cd kinang thue hanh tot han, ehuan bi cho tht/c tap supham co hieu qui, 'Em hoc duae kinang quan sat tre kinang day tre va hinh dung ra cdng viec eija m Inh sau khira
rn/dn5^ ;93%ykien dupe hdi rat thich hpc thyehanh theo nhdm va mong mud'n dupc hpc theo each nay
nhieu han: "hgc theo nhdm giup em hgc dUdc each hap tac, chia se cung eac ban trong nhom", "Em thay
tu tin han khi tnnh bay trudc m ol ngudi, em hgc duoc
a eac ban khac '
Phalhuy TTC cua SV trong gidTHBM GDHM la viec lam can thiettrong dao tao e^nhan GDMN dcae tnrdng sUpham.Tuynhien.thyc trang su'dyng PPGD tich eye trong gtd THBM GDHMN ciJa cac khoa GDMN cdn chua thudng xuyen va mang tinh hinh thuc, khdng kich thich dupe TTC ciia SV nen TTC cila SV Irong gid thyc hanh chu yeu d myc dp trung binh va thap
Mdt trong nhung giai phap phat huy TTC cua SV trong gidthuc hanh la de xuat dupe mdt so bien phap hudng vao myc tieu nang cao TTC cua SV, gdp phan thyc hien tot myc tieu dao tao cir nhan GDMN Cd nhu vay mdi giup hp hoan thanh lot cdng viee cua GVMN trong tuong lai, dap dng dupc yeu cau doi mdi loan dien giao due hien nay d nude ta Q Tai lit>u t h a m k h a o
1 Jean Marc Dennomme - Madeleine Roy Ti£n tdi
mot phinmg p h a p s t r p h a m t m m g tdc NXB Thanh
niSn, H 2000
2 Jean Piagie T a m Ii hoc va gido due hoc NXB Hd
Ndi 1999
3 NguySn Thi H6a Giao diic hpc mSm non, NXB
Dgi hgc suphgmM 2009
SUMMARY
Promoting students' positive during the lectures
In general and the practical lessons of "Early Chilhood Educational Science' in particular is an important rule
in University teaching lading positive teachingmeth-portunities to promote the students' own Initiative and creative when they use their learned theories into children education in fact It also contributes to improve the quality of training and skills lo students
in early chilhood education faculty