DDI MDI GIANG DAY HDC PHAN TIT TIffiNG HO CHl MINH BANG PHDDNG PHAP THUYfT TRiNH THAD lUAN NHDM ThS, D O MINH TU* Thue hien chu tn/ong ddi mdi phuang phap g/anj day (PPGD) dai hpe (OH) ndi ehung, eac[.]
Trang 1DDI MDI GIANG DAY HDC PHAN TIT TIffiNG HO CHl MINH BANG PHDDNG PHAP THUYfT TRiNH THAD lUAN NHDM
ThS, D O M I N H TU*
Thue hien chu tn/ong ddi mdi phuang phap
g/anj day (PPGD) dai hpe (OH) ndi ehung,
eac mdn li luan chinh tn (LLCT) ndi rieng,
trong nhiing nam qua, Tn/dng DH Kinh te TP Ho
Chi Minh dang tnen khai thuc hien phuang phap
Thuyet trinh thao luan nhdm (PP TTTLN) dd'i vdi hpc
phan Tu tuang Ho Chi Minh va da dat dupc nhung ket
qua tich cue Day lit mdt PPGD mdi, ed nhieu uu diem
so vdi PP thuyet giang tmyen thd'ng
1 Mpt so yeu cau khi ap d y n g PPGD TTTLN
1) DOI vdi giang vien (G I'/- -Cd lupng kien thiic
chuyen nganh sau sSc va kha nang lien he thue tien
de lam rd hon nhung ndi dung khoa hpe cua mdn
hpe; dong thdi cd hieu biet sau rpng ve cac Unh vuc,
cac mdn khoa hoc cd lien quan, thudng xuyen nam
b5t thdng tin kinh te, chinh trj, van hda, dao diic de
dua li luan vao thuc tien; - C d kha nang giai quyet cae
tinh hud'ng su pham xay ra trong qua trinh thue hien;
- C d kha nang dinh hudng, dan dai, khuyen khich
sinh vien (SV) tham gia tieh cue vao gid hpe va dieu
khien budi thuyet trinh (TT)
Neu khdng dap ung dupe nhiing yeu eau ea ban
tren, budi hpc se khdng nhu mong mud'n, Iham ehi
phan tae dyng
2^£7d/VCTSV:Cdtinhchuddng, nang ddng trong
hoe tap, cd kha nang ren luyen cae kT nang (KN) de
thue hien budiTT theo y muon nhu:KN dat cau hdi,
KN TT, KN ndi tn/de cdng eh ling, KN dat va tra Idi cac
eau hdi, KN tim va dpc tai lieu; - SV can phai cd hie'u
biet CO ban vecong nghe thdng tin detim kiem tai lieu,
tu lieu, hinh anh, xay dung bai TT; - Phai cd suphan
cdng cdng viec ey the eho tung Ihanh vien nhdm,
danh thdi gian hpp nhdm, biet dat ra eae linh hud'ng
gia dinh, gdp y xay dung bai TT, kha nang TT Ndi
ehung, SV phai lam viee vat va hon, tich cue hon ehii
khdng chdden Idp nghe vachep nhuPP tmyen thong
3) Boi vol nha trudng: • Trang bj cac thiet bj ca
ban phue vy cho TT nhu: 2 micro (trong dd mpt cai
khdng day) may chieu, thiet bj am thanh tot; - Bdtri
Idp hoc vdi lupng SV vua phai tir 50-100 SV, vi neu
kJp qua ddng, viec chia nhdm se bi loang, khd thuc
34 Tap chi Gido due so 309
hien, tinh hieu qua khdng cao; - Cap nhat thdng tin
G V, PPGD cua eae G V cap nhat danh sach Idp len website eua trudng de SV chu ddng trong hoat ddng hpc tap cua minh
2 Cac budc tien hanh mot buoi giang theo PPTTTLN
1) Nhirng chuan bi eua G V trudc khi len Idp:
0 e giang day tot PP nay, ngoai viec dap iing eac yeu cau CO ban d phan 1, GV can phai ed nhimg budc chuan bi, cu the: Khi dupe phan cdng khd1, Idp giang,
G V phaicd ngay danh sach Idp dupe phan cdng can cuvao danh sach, GV se dutinh chia cac khd'i, Idp giang thanh 10-12 nhdm tuy so tiet hpe/budl Vi dy, 4
tiet/budl.mdn TutuangHoChlMinhsecd7,5budi,
GV chia Idp thanh 12nhdm,moibud1secd2nhdm
TT, bud1 dau GV giang, % budi cho tham quan thuc
te bao tang hoae td'ng ket, cdng bd'diem Neu la 5 tieV budi thi chia lam 10 nhdm, mdinhdm khoang tii5-10 ngudi, hjy sd'lupng mdi khd'i, Idp
G V chia npi dung hpe phan thanh 10 hoae 12 chu
de, vie't eae ehu de vao gia'y de lam Iham cho cae nhdm len b^t trong budi hpc dau tien Budi giang dau tien, trong khi trinh bay de euang mdn hpc, GV se cdng bd'vdi SV each hpe va eho eac em tu chia nhdm vdi sd'lupng theo quy dinh Sau khi ra chai, eac nhdm
se nop danh sach nhdm va cae thdng tin ca ban nhu dia chi email, dien thoai lien lac, cu nhdm tn/dng len boc tham chu devave nha thuc hien lam bai TT bing PowerPoint
GV eung cdng bo each tinh diem TT cua minh de
SV theo ddi Theo dd, diem TT dupe chia lam 5 KN:
/ ; Danh gia hinh thdc eua bai r r ( K N xay dung bai
TT) theo haitieu ehi la dep v a d i theo ddi; ^JOanftge i/eVjp/rfi/ngi)a/7T{KN xay dung, chpn Ipc, tdmtatnpi dung baihpe)theohaitieu chi la dung,diivamdrdng
ndi dung; 3) Danh gia kha nang 7T(KN TT, ndi tn/dc
cdng Chung) vdi hai tieu ehi la luu bat, rd rang va ddc
6ao, cuw\ hut; 4) Danh gia kha nSng tim kiem vast/ dungh/lieuvdi hai tieu chi: hinh anh phong phii diing
' Khoa L luai chuli t i - Tnrong fiai boc Kinh te TP Ho Cbi Minh
Trang 2nang tra k^ cau hdidoGy va cac nhdm khac dat ra vdi
hai tieu ehi la nhanh va dung
Diem danh gia eae KN tren dupc tinh theo thang
100 va sau dd dupc quy ve he 10 Dudi day la 1 trong
cae cot diem eua diem qua trinh
M A U C H A M O I ^ M T H U Y E ' T TRlNH I^ION TU TUONG H f l CHl MINH
(Ddnh cho Idp hoc 5 ti^t/budi)
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Sau khi cac nhdm da cd ehu de, hose chuan bj bai
b i n g PowerPoint va word, Cac nhdm lam xong phai
gui balTT cua nhdm minh qua email eho GV gdp y,
chinh siJa, sau dd, nhdm TT se giii lai bai cho cac
nhdm khac qua email hoae phat ban in eho Idp Myc
dich cua vi$c lam nay la de GV gdp y va chinh sua,
dinh hudng ndi dung, tu tudng, tranh lan man, nhan
thucsaiho^cloidyngTTdetuyen truyen phan ddng ,
Dong thdi, cac nhdm khac vu'a cd bai in ra de hpc, vua
biet trudc ndi dung TT de ehuan bj cho bai budi TT
them sdi ndi va sau sac
Be khuywi khich mpi thanh vien trong giang dudng
tham gia TT, chuan bi bai, nhung thanh vien nao cdcau
h6ihay,cautralditcrtsedupccdngthem 1 diem/lanyao gia dat cau hdi, tra Idi cau hdi, ke ehuyen ve tam
theo PP TTTLN
Mdi mdt buoi hpc se cd 2 nhdm thuc hien TT Tn/de khi nhdm TT b^t dau, G V mdi ngau nhien 2-4
SV tham gia lam giam khao cham diem TT cua nhdm theo cac tieu ehi trong m i u cham diem, GV dong thdi
Cling la vi giam khao thii 5 Viec cham diem eua SV chi
d\iOc coi la mdt kenh tham
khao eho GV, diem cuoi cung cua nhdm se do GV quyet dinh sao cho cdng
b i n g va cdng tam G V eung khdng nen cdng bo diem ngay ma cdng bo vao budi cud'i de cd thdi gian so sanh cac nhdm vdi nhau Sau khi phan TTk^thiie, GVnen mdi nglu nhien
1-2 SV trong Idp nhan xet ve baiTT.Saudd.GVtd'ngket, nhan xet nhiing uu diem, nhupc diem, bd sung, sua chi/a nhimg thieu sdt eua nhdm TT va dat cho nhdm
TT (ehinh) cung nhu ca Idp nhirng cau hoi, Cae thanh N.UUI.MAM vien trong Idp dat eau hdi xung quanh npi dung bai TT,
Viec tra Idi eae cau hdi do nhdm TT dam nhiem chinh, nhung cac thanh vien khac trong Idp cung cd trach nhiem tham gia thao luan, tim ra eau tra Idi dung
de giai quyet nhiing npi dung co ban cua bai hpe Neu eau tra Idi la diing hoae cd Id hai y kien khac nhau trd len, G V nen lay y kien cua Idp nhim tim hieu xem vendi dung dd ed bao nhieu SV trong Idp nhan thdc dung, bao nhieu nhan thiic chua diing, sau dd mdi khang dinh dap an dung Tn/dng hpp cau tra Idi sai, hay nhan thuc lech lac, GV nen kjp thdi sua chiia, ud'n n ^
De khdng khi budi hpe sdi nd'i, ed hieu qua, GV nen khuyen khich cac thanh vien trong Idp tham
d i ^ qua trinh (tuong duang 0,2 diem khi daquy ddi)
Quy djnh thdi gian TT cua mdi nhdm la 90 phut,
trong dd cd tii 30 den 45 phiit nhdm trinh bay bai TT
thdi gian cdn lai danh eho viec nhan xet, dat cau hdi,
thao luan va tra Idi cac van de dat ra, trong dd cd
10-15phutdanhehoGVchotlaivande,tdmtatndidung
chinh cua bai va gcri m d eae van de tiep tye nghien
cuu d nha
guong dao due Ho Chi Minh hay hat nhi/ng bai hat
ve Bae theo dung ehu de eua budi hoc Tail ca nhirng hoat dpng dd deu dupe cdng diem thudng vao diem qua trinh vdi miic dd nhat dinh va tuy theo kha nang the hien Viee nay khdng chi ed nhdm TT ma cac thanh vien khac trong Idp cung dupc khuyen khich dang ki thue hien, du budi dd khdng phai budi TT ciia nhdm minh
Tap chi Gido due so 309 I 35
Trang 3dung chinh cua bai hpc, nhan manh nhiing diem can
phai ghi nhd, dat ra cac van de tiep tuc nghien cuu
nhu la mdt bai tap ve nha
3) Caeh tinh diem qua trinh tuy th eo dieu kien
eua mdi tn/dng ma ap dung linh hoat Dd'i vdl SV
Ta/dng OH Kinhle'TP H o C h i Minh, ehung tdi ap
dung each tinh diem nhu sau: ( ( T T ' 2) + Kiem tra +
Chuyen can + Thu hoach Bao tang + Oiem thudng
neu cd)/5 Diem kiem tra la trung binh ciia 4-5 bai
kiem tra nhanh tren Ic^ theo hinh thuc trac nghiem
Mdi bai kiem tra dong thdi eiing la phieu diem danh,
mdi bai SV se cd them td 2 - 2,5 diem chuyen can
(4-5 bai = 10 diem) Bdivi diem quatrinh dTrudng
OH Kinh te TP Ho Chi Minh la 50%, diem thi kel
thuc hpc phan la 50%, nen de danh gia chinh xac
SVphaied nhieu cdtdiem Caeh tinh diem nhuvay
vua dam bao tinh cdng b i n g , ddi hdi SV phai den
Idp day du, tham gia nhieu hoat ddng hoc tap, viia
tao dieu kien nang eao diem quatrinh cho SV.Tuy
nhien, dieu nay cung dong nghla vdi viec GV phai
lam viec nhieu ban, nen cac Irudng ciJng nen tang
thu lao cham bai giiia ki va cuoi ki de khuyen khich
GV iam viec
3 ITu diem cua PP TTTLN: -Thuc hien dupc
phuong eham lay ngucri hpc lam trung tam, G V chi la
ngudi dieu khien, hucffig dan qua trinh hpc de ngucri
hpc tutim ra kien thuc, do dd, eac em se ITnh hdi kien
thu'c mdi each sau s i c ; - GV kip thdi phat hien nhirng
suy nghi, tu tudng lech lac Irong SV de ud'n nan, djnh
hudng cho cae em; - Kich thich tuduy, kha nang suy
luan, phan bien tn/de dam ddng, ren luyen thdi quen
tu hpe, tu nghien ciiu eho SV, giiip eac em tiep can
lam quen vdi viec l u hpe; - Tao khdng khi Idp hpe trd
nen sdi ndi, thich thu chu khdng cdn buon te va khd
khan, nang ne nhu suy nghi eua cae em ve eac mdn
LLCT; - SV dupc ren luyen KN lam viec nhdm, KN tim
kiem tai lieu, tu lieu, xay dung bai TT.,.;-Quan he thay
trd trd nen gan gui vi ludn cd su giao luu nen cac ern
edi md han trong viec trao ddi, thac mac, Sau mdi
budiTT, SV da tuhpc tdi3 lan: - Phai dpc giao trinh, tai
lieu tham khao; - Phaitdm t i t dupc ndi dung chinh
cua bai de dua len slide; - Phai suy nghl de tra Idi cae
eau hdieua GV vacaldp Cdn eac SV khac mud'n dat
cau hdi, tra Idi cau hoi thi cung phai dpc, phai tim hieu
bai tn/de
Doi vdi G V, viec thyc hien PP nay se giiip hp giam
bdt cdng sue giang tren Idp nhieu han so vdi PP thuyet
giang tnjyen thd'ng
Tuy nhien, PP nay ddi hdi ngudi hpe phai ed tinh
36 Tap chi Gido due so 309
tdm tat dupe ndi dung ehinh cua bai hoc, xay dung cac y tuong trinh bay, dong thcri phai doc them rat nhieu de giai thich va tra Idi cau hoi
Od'i vol GV, phai chuan bi kT cang d nha, thudng xuyen cap nhap, bd'sung kien thdc, cd KN dieu khien
TT, KN cholvan de, tdm t i t bai hpc, nhan xet danh gia; ndi each khac, GV phai ed lupng kien thuc vua rpng, vda sau neu khdng se khdng the dmh hudng duoc tu tudng cho SV va giai quyet duoc cac tinh hud'ng supham, dae biet la nhirng kien thue mdrdng trong cac budiTT •
Tai lieu tham k h a o
1 Carl Rogers Phuong phap day va hoc co hi^u qua NXB Tr^, TP Hfl Chi Minh 2001
2 Duong Minh Diic "Doi mcri day hoc cac mon khoa hoc Mac - Lfinin T u [irong Hfl Chi Minh Irong c^c irirong dai hoc cao ddng sir ph^m d Viei Nam", hiip;/ /I'pt: hnuc edi],vn/indcx.php''showposl=526
3 Dang Vu Hoat - Ha Thi Dire Li luan day hoc dgi
hqc.^^iXB Dgi hgc su pham HdNdt.U 1994
4 Hfl Thanh Hai "Doi md'i phuong phap giang dgy mfli g i a n g vifin", htlp://tuyengiaQ.,vn/ Home/
n s h i e p v u 2 2 / g i a o d u c ] v l u a n c h i n h t r i / 2 0 l 2 / 3 / 3928Q-a.spx 2012
5 D^ng Thanh Htmg Day hoc hien dai - Li lu$n,
bien phap, ki thuat NXB Dgi hgc qud'c gia Hd Ndi,
2004
6 L& Nguyfin Long Thir di tim phutmg phfip day
hoc hieu qua NXB Gido due H 1999
7 Nguyen Canh Toan (chii biSn), Qua trinh day - ty
hoc NXB Gido due, H, 1998
8 Thai Duy Tuyfin Phmmg phap day hoc: Truyfin
thong va doi mdi NXB Gido due H 1998,
9 Hoang Thi Nga ' T d chuc thao lu§n trong day htjc mon T u luong Ho Chi Minh tai cSc truong dai hoc
va cao ddng", hHp://truongchinhlrina,gov.vn/Article Detaii.aspx? Article ID^266
SUMMARY
To improve the quality of teaching political theory courses in universities, colleges, innovative teach-ing and learnteach-ing methods is an urgent requirement This article, on the basis of presenting the basic requirements of the group discussion method of presentation as well as the steps to teach courses
in Ho Chi Minh Thought by presentation group dis-cussion method, we initially draw the advantages and limitations of this method to share with your colleagues about effective teaching methods courses
m Ho Chi Minh thought