KHAO SAT rHlTG TRANG DAY VA HOC Td VITNG TIENG ANH H MOT Sfl TRirdNG TRONG HOC PHO''''THDNG TAI HA NOI TA TH! THANH HOA'''' Mpt trd ngai Iĉ n thudng gap trong giao tiep (GT) bing tieng Anh (TA) o ngudi Vie[.]
Trang 1KHAO SAT rHlTG TRANG DAY VA HOC Td VITNG TIENG ANH
H MOT Sfl TRirdNG TRONG HOC PHÓTHDNG TAI HA NOI
TA TH! THANH HOÁ
M pt trd ngai Ic^n thudng gap trong giao tiep
(GT) bing tieng Anh (TA) o ngudi Viet
Nam chinh la von tdvung (TV) han chẹ
Do TV cd vai trd quan trpng trong giao tiep, viec day
va hpc TV can duiyc coi trpng de gdp phan dat muc
tiu cud'i cung cua day va hpc ngoai ngd dupc neu
trong fli an Ngoai ngd Qud'c gia 2020: "dén nam
2020 tang dang l<lti le thanh thieu nien Viet Nam cd
du ndng luc sd dijng ngoai ngu mot each đc lap va
ti/tin trpng giao tiep, hpc tap va lam viec trong mdt
mdi trudng da ngdn ngd, da van hoa, bien ngoai
ngdtrdlhanh mptthém?nh cua ngudidan VietNam"
LCasdliluIn
1) Valtrdeua TV trong viechgc rj4.Tam quan
trpng cua TV trong day va hpc ngoai n^d dupc ghi
nhSn trong nhieu nghien cdụ Tn/dc het, TV la mdt
trong ba thanh to ngdn ngdquan trpng (nguam, ngd
phap va tdvung) Bdn canh đ, vd'n TV tdt giup ngudi
hpc phat trien l<T nang nghe, ndi, dpc va viét Quan
trpng hon ca, nha tighien cdu W/ilkins (1974) da neu:
Chung ta cd the diln dat dupc chut it khi khdng biet
ngdphap nhung khdng thediin dat dupc bat ke dieu
gi khi khdng biet td Pyles va Algep nhán manh tam
quan trpng cua tdtrong giao tiep Theo hp, chinh nhd
c6 td ngd ma am thanh va nghla hoa quyen, td do
cho phep Chung ta_GT vdi nhau va t?o ra cac thétoai
c9u, hpithoaiva diln ngdn Chung quan diem vdihp,
Mc Carthy (1990) khSng djnh, cho du ehung ta cd
hpc gioi ngdphap va nSm dupc phan ngdam nhung
n j'u khdnj cd vdn tđé biéu dat nghla, GT cd nghTa
khdng thethiJC hien dupc Khidung tđung van canh,
y Chung ta mud'n diln dat vln cd thédupc hiéu dung
m|cdu Chung ta mdc Idingdphap Nhuvay, TV đng
vai trd die luc trong GT bang TẠ
2) Nguyen tSc day vabqc TV Bai viet td'ng hpp
va h? thdng lai nhdng nguyen tjc day va hpc TV Chung
cua cac nha nghidn cdu nhu Gaims, R & Redman,
S (19B6), V/allaee (1988) Natipn, ỊS.P (1990),
Harmer (1993)
Od; vd?' ngudi hpc: a) Xac iinh tit can hgc, can
nhị Cd the lua ehpn dua vap nhdng tieu chi sau:
- Pham vi sđung (pham vi ma td xuát hien); - Kha
nang bieu dat (kha nang td cd the thay the cho cac
td khac); - Tan suat su dyng (só tan xuát hien cua td trorig tiéng Anh); - Islhu cau ngdn ngd (mdc dp can thiet phai biet td de giao tiep, hieu, phat trien kien thdc chuyen mdn); d,) Hpccácfr/j/a can/? cua rd Khi hpc va nhd td, can phai biet each phat am tu, loai tiJ (danh td, dpng td, tinh td, trang td), eau true va suket hpp td, cac net nghla (nghla biéu vat, nghia biéu niem, nghTa biéu thai, nghTa ham chi), van pheng trang trpng hay khdng,
Boi vdi G V: a/ Cac hoat dpng gidi thieu va luypn
tap TV phai luon phu hpp vdi trinh dp, gSn lien vdi npi dung bai hoc va cae ehu de ma hpc sinh (HS) quan tam; d^Phai cd bien phap kiem tra, khuyén khieti HS
hpc td thudng xuyen; cjQam bao HS dupc tham gia
vao nhieu hoat dpng hpc td khac nhau de lua chpn phupng phap td'i uu; d^Cac hoat dpng luyen tSp dupc apdung trong mdt thdi gian nhat dinh vaed he thd'ng détap thanh thdi quen; ej Vdi mdi mdt hinh thde luyen tap, giap vien (GV) phai luu y HS ve cac npidung can hpc (cacin dpe, each viet, ket hap td, cac net nghTa, )
2 Ket qua khao sat
1)HS CO thai do nhu the nao veviec hgc TV?
Cd the tháy rdng, eac em HS deu cd thai dp tich cue đi vdi viec hpc TV: 35 em (35%) nhan tháy hpe TV la rat can thiet, 45 em (45%) eoi vỉc hpcTVquantrpng nhu hpc ngd phap va ch? cd mdt bp phan nhp chp ring khdng quan trpng llm Sđong HS thieh hgc
TV (85%) Say la nhung ket qua dang mdng Tuy nhien, dieu dang luu y la thdi lupng eae em danh hpc
va thuc hanh TV lai rat it Chi ed 5 em (5%) danh 2 tiéng mdi ngay, hon mdt nda ehi danh khoang 30 phut va tham chi 5% HS khdng he hpc TV dnhạ Khi dupc heive sd'lupng td/cymtdhpmudn hpc Irong mdt tuan, 36 em tra Idi la 5 td, 18 em 10 td, 22 em 5 td
2)HS CO each hgc tu nhuthe naỏCh\en thuat
hpc phd' bien nhát cda cac em la yiéttd mdi rieng le nhieu lan Mdt sp em thu nhan ed' viét lai tu mdi sao eho nhanh makhdng he ehuytdi each phat am,each sđung cua ehung Cach hpe nay li gai phan nap tai
' Klioa Wii "I/I: TnMng HIISP Ha NQI 2
Tap chi Gide dye so 307 | 59
Trang 2dpc to tu len va 15% chu ytcri sullen he giua tiJrmdiv(M
hinh anh hoae vol tijf phat am gan giong hoae nghe
cac bai hatTA Khong may em ap dung nhung each
hoe tij'nhudal nhung cum hoae eau de nhd, an tuong
hoae CO nghTa, lap hoi thoai, viet doan van ng§n vdi
nhijng tt; mdi, xem tivi, tra mang, doc bao, tap ehi, to
roi Ben canh do, nhieu em ehi chtJ y tcfi nghTa vaeach
Viet cija tir Chi co 12% chij y ttji su ket hop tt; va 10%
ehuynhieu tdi each sudung
Nhuvay, so dong HS ehua co each hpc TV diing
d^n va hieu qua, chua col trpng each dung id Dieu
nay khien eac em tha'y kho nhcf tirva huy dpng tunhcr
dupc deglao tiep
3) Kha nang sir dung TV cua HS ra sao ? Tinh
trang siidung ti^sai van canh, khong n^m dupc chuc
nang eua tCi/eum tt/dlln ra ratpho bien Mpt so em si)
dung tu thong tue, tham ehi tieng long trong ngucanh
GT trang trpng va ngupc lai, eo em su dtjng tCr mang
van phong trang trpng trong GT hang ngay vdl ban
ho|cngudlnhdtuation.VidLi,khidupcyeueauduara
cau dap nhanh trong tinh huong ehao hoi khithay hieu
to/dng ehao Vood morning, everyone", mpt so em
(20%) dap ring "Hi, how are the kids" Hoae, mpt tinh
hud'ng khac, khi mpt HS glim phal chan cua ban khac,
CO em (30%) noi "Excuse me"thay vi 7m sorry" Mpt
bleu hien khae eua kha nang sudung tt>kem la ket hpp
ti^sal - phan nao la ket qua cua thoi quen djeh tirtieng
Viet sang ma khong chu y XiA each st) dung eua \u
Nhieu em noi 'watch a film", 'lo drinkmedicine"Xlr\ay vi
noi toseea^m', lo take medicine" Them vao do, d
so dong HS (87%), phan xa nhora nhijrig tir can cho
tinh huong GT cu the con cham Cac em tam s u r l n g ,
nhieu khi cam thay dau oe minh trong khong Von tt>
tich luy duett di dau het" khi GT bSng TA, nha't ta vtji
ngudi nuoc ngoai hoae thay ed giao Cuoi cung, da
phan eac em m^e 161 ehinh ta hoae phat am, khien
ngudi nghe khi3 narn^ bat dutx ehu y, tham chi hieu
nham Nhung I6i pho bien thuang lien quan ttii trpng
am vanhijngam khong CO trong fiengVietnhunguyen
am dai, am /=/ /pye/ va w
4) GVed thai do nhu thenao ve viec day TV?
65% GV dupe hoi nhan tha'y viec day TV la rat can
thiet va so con lai cho rSng can thiet Ho deu nha't tri
rdng vipc day TV giup HS nim cau tnJc ngQ phap,
hieu bai dpe va GT b^ng TA tot hon Tuy vay, thoi
lupng hp danh cho viec day TV kha it, 60% thay co
danh khoang 10 phut va 15% chidanh 5-7 phut Mot
so thay CO giai thich 5-10 phut la nhieu vi phan cuoi
cija sach da c6 san bang tiJr can hoc kem theo ca
nghla tieng Vietva hp con phai danh thcri gian cho cac
hoatdpng khac
/ i i o ? X e t k h a u chuan bj cua GV, 68% co danh thcrt gian lua chon tova each thurc day tLf theo tieu chi: chu diem bai hpc, muc dp anh huong etja tu-tdiyi?_c hieu bai khoa hay doan bang can hpc Nhung yeu to khac nhu nhu cau, kien thij"c nen va trinh do eiia ngucfi hpc itdupcquantam.Bang luu y,c6toi9/20GV dupc hoi
bo qua khau li/a ehpn tirva len bucfc day ti) NhiJng deulatucandaychoHSroi
Obuocd?ytiJfm(JI,e6t(iril4GV(70%)thudngchI don thuan viettiirmQi len bang va ghi hoae dpc nghTa tieng Viet tuong ung, bdi theo hp, each lam nay giup tiet kiem thcri gian Soit cung cap cac dang tilrvavidij,
tu dong nghTa, tiJf trai nghTa, dung giao cy ttyc quan thucmg xuyen Dang chii y, chi co duy nhat mpt cc giao noifriucfng xuyen neu ngiJeanh va khuyen khich
HS doan nghTa cua ti> Hau het cae thay eo se dpe mau tnidc va ea ldp dpc dong thanh
6 budc luyen tap tt) mdi, 11 thay co (55%) thudng
yeu cau HS dat cau theo m l u cau, 6 thay co thudng yeu cau nhan dang ti) ve chinh ta va phat am, 4 thay
CO to chdc hoatdpng hoi - dap ho|c d§t ra tinh huong
va yeiJ cau HS lam vi^c theo cap
Oe Cling cova kiem tra viec hpc TV cua HS, 35% thay CO dupe hoi yeu cau HS viet nhiJng tt>mdi ma hp dupc day d gid hpc trudc len bang, 30% yeu cau HS djeh cau ed chua tir miffi Anh - Viet hogc Viet - Anh
T l / ket qua thu dupc va qua quan sat tlit/c t&', co the nhan thay nhieu tliay co ap dung phuong phap ngu phap phien djeh (the Grammar Translation method) de day TV PhUOng phap dgy eua hp mdi
chidiing lai dviec giup cac em nim dupc cacti) rieng
le va mpt nghTa tieng Viet, trong khi tren thiJC te td luon
ton tai trong su ket hpp vdi eae \(t khae ya cd t h i c o
nhieu nghTa khae nhau HS v l n chua thebietcach sd dung tu trong cac tinh huong giao tiep Cac hoatdpng
dbuac luyen tap ma hp tochdc khd cd thekhich Ip HS
van dung nhung tdhpe dupe vao eac hoat dpng giap tiep NIDI each khac, nhieu thay co mdl ehi giup HS tang von TV thu dpng
3 De xuat blen phap giup HS tang von t u va
s u d u n g ehung trong tinh hud'ng GT
1) Bat cau hoi ggi md Cac cau hdi goi mdgiup
GV kiem'tra dupc Opu ngudi hpc CO that suhieutu/eum
tu hay ttiuat ngii va cung cap them vl du ve each dung eua chung.Ddng thdi, HS dupc Idicuon vao hoat d ^ g l^ng nghe cau hoi va dua ra eau tra ldi, vda ed su lien
he tdi ban than va cudc song vda van dyng nhdng td dupc day mot each tu nhien Vi dtj, de eae em luyen
tap cae td camping, campground, tent, G V cd th e d§t
nhiff\gcauhasau:Doyouiikegoingcamping?,What
60 Tap chi Gido due so 307
Trang 3you often live when going camping?, What do you
think of putting up a tent?
2) Lap phieu tu va td'chuc hoat dpng thi dat
cau trong nhdm H S co the tu dat cau tieng ndi ve
ban ^ a n , hoae eau chuyen vui va don gian sudtjng
td, thuat ngu can nhd Dau gid hoae cuoi gid, GV chia
ldp thanh nhom nhd 4-5 ngudi M6i nhom se nhan
6uac mpt so phieu tdghi cac tdda hpc tuong ung vt^
so thanh vien Nhdm tn/dng do thi^gian vadieu khien
hoat dpng cua nhom TiJng ngudi lan lupt njt tham
m ^ phieu tdva co 10 giay de ehuan bj cae cau se ndi,
sddi^ng nhung tdtrong phieu td Sau do, nhom tn/dng
sedo thdi gian, cae thanh vien khac l§ng nghe thanh
vl3n dd ndi Nguyen tdc cua hoat dpng nay la ngudi
ndi phal ndi lien tue tronq vdng 30 giay
Vi dg: Mot HS cd the tao ngu canh cua minh vdl
cae ttjf stylus, electronh pen, clipboard, keyboard,
screen, recognize nhu sau: My mother has just
bought me a stylus Stylus is often called electronic
pen Because I have the stylus, I do not need the
traditionaj kgybpard pn a clipboard,
3} Td'chuc thi ta tranh Hoat dpng nay ldi cud'n
HS huy dpng vd'n td hoe dupe ddang viet va noi G V
chu& bj 2 bdc tranh gan gid'ng nhau va chia \dp thanh
2dpi.Moiddisenhanhch6ngcung nhau mieu ta bdc
tranh cua minh b i n g TA, sau dd GV tochdc thi xem
(fplnaov^ndung dupc nhieu tddemieuta.Vidu,GV
dua ra 2 bdc tranh ve lang que va khuye'n khich cae
em ta, c6' gdng huy ddng nhung td nhu ploughing
machine, fam) machine, cows, harvest, pfough, raise,
produce, grow
4)L$pphieu hgc tap tim ki&n thdng tin Day la
each luypn tap rat tot, khuye'n khich HS GT vdi nhau
bfing TA bdi cac em can tim mdt so thdng tin tdban cua
minh GV lap ra eac phieu (phieu A, phiaj B) Thdng tiii
d2 phlaj eung ehung ehu de nhung ed hoae khuyet d
mpttrong hai phieu HS lam theo cap, mdt em cdphieu
A, em kia cd phieu B Cac em se phai dam thoai vdi
nhau de trao doi thong tiri, tan dgng nhung td, thuat
ngu'dahpc.Vidu:Dekhuywi khich cac em luyen nhung
tdnhu feeidizzy, getwell, take thep8is, hospital, GV cd
thelap phieu don gian nhu sau:
HS A
1 Mary is at hospital now
2 Slie tails her doctor (hat , ,
3 She leels womed
4, The doctor tells she will (eel
H she Ukes the pills
S She says she will lake the
doctor's sdvice
HSB
1 Mary i s a t , , now
2 She tells her doctor that
she leels dizzy
3 She leels
4 The doctor teHs she will
gel well it she
5 She says
5) Khuyen khich HS dong vai Thu thuat nay
se dua tinh hud'ng GT thudng g^p trong cude sd'ng
se lua chgn vai, lap hdi thoai de' hoan thanh nhiem
vu theo cap
6) Khuyen khich HS thuyet trinh, trao doi bing
TA Be HS hao hdng tien hanh hoat ddng nay, GV
nen tdchdc hoatdpng theo nhdm Cac em tuehpn de tai, thu thap, td'ng hpp, phan tich tai lieu TA (ngudn thu va mang) va trinh bay tn/de Idp Tham ^ia hoat ddng nay giup HS huy ddng dupc vd'n tiisan cd, tu hpc them dupc nhieu tdmdi qua cac ngudn tai lieu va ban nhdm, diln dat duoe y kien, trao ddi hieu biet ve chude nhat dinh
Day va hoc TV TA theo dudng hudng GT la thiet ye'u, khuye'n khich HS nSm vdng va su dung TV dung, t d d d tang vd'n td ehu dpng Thiet nghT, ngudi
GV tuy cd nhdng each day rieng eua minh nhung can khdng ngdng hpc hel, van dyng nhdng thu thuat hieu qua deed the giup ehinh HS cua minh cdnhung
CP hpi nam va su dung td dung qua eae hoat dpng mang tinh GT.Q
(kll-412013)-Tai lieu tham khdo
1 Allen, V F Techniques in leaching vocabulary: teaching techniques in English as a second or foreign
language New York: Oxford Universiiy, 198.?
2 Doff A Teadi English: A trainii^ course for teachers
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988
.? Gairns R & Rtidman S Working with words: A guide to teaching and learning vocabulary
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992
4 Harmer, J The practice of English language
teaching Essex: Longman Group UK Limited, 1993
5 Hill P Visual impact: Creative language learning
through pictures Essex: Longman Group UK Limited,
1990
SUMMARY
It Is well documented that vocabulary is essential
in foreign language learning and especially in com-munication In fact, inability to memorize words, mis-use, mispronunciation and failure to retrieve and use them in certain communicative situations are com-mon problems acom-mong Vietnamese learners of Eng-lish This study analyzes and present major findings about learners'attitudes difTiculties and techniques
of learning vocabulary and teachers' altitudes and techniques of teaching vocabulary Based on the theo-retical background of vocabulary, learning and teach-ing vocabulaty and the Communicative ^proach and practical basis, the study presents several practical and feasible techniques of engaging learners to en-rich and use their vocabulary effectively for commu-nicative purposes
Tap chi Giao due so 307 | 61