VAN DUNG GA DAO, TUG NGff VIET NAM NHAM KHfll DAY SAY Mt HOC TAP CUA HOC SINH DOI VOl MDN GIAO OOC CONG OAN PGS TS DAO THI NGOC MINH* 1 Gaotfuccdngdan(GDCD)lamptm6n khoa hgc xa hpi cd vj tri, val tro[.]
Trang 1VAN DUNG GA DAO, TUG NGff VIET NAM NHAM KHfll DAY
SAY Mt HOC TAP CUA HOC SINH DOI VOl MDN GIAO OOC CONG OAN
PGS TS DAO THI NGOC MINH*
1 G a o t f u c c d n g d a n ( G D C D ) l a m p t m 6 n khoa
hgc xa hpi cd vj tri, val tro dae biet quan trpng trong
trudng tmng hpc phothong; gdp phan dao tao nhung
ngudi lao dpng mdl vua cdtri thdc khoa hpc, dao due,
cd nang luc hoat dpng ttiuc tien, pham chat chinh trj
tu tudng, ythdc traeh nhiem vtS cpng dong, gia dinh
va ban than Hien nay phan Idn hpc sinh (HS) pho
thong deu chua y ttidc dupc tam quan trpng cua mon
hpc nay nen v l n xem nhe, tham chi col thudng Thuc
te cho thaiy, trong gid hpc GDCD da phan HS it tap
tnjng, hge theo kieu dol phd hoae lam viec rieng Co
nhieu nguyen nhan d i n den thuc trang tren, mpt trong
nhdng nguyen nhan co ban la do phuang phap day
cua giao vien (GV) chua tao duoc hdng thu va mem
say me hpc tap d HS Chu yeu GV v l n thuyet trinh
mpt chieu khien HS cam ttiay kho khan va nham chan
Khi tim hieu veca dao, tue ngd Viet Nam, ehung toi
ttiay day la kho tang tti tue rat cd ich eho day hpe
GDCD, nhat la phan "Cong din vdi dao tfuc"(G DCD
10), se giup gid hge them sinh dpng va HS say me,
hung thli hpc tap hon
2 Vai trd cua ca dao, tuc n g u trong day hpc
GDCD 1 0 - p h a n Cong dan v o l dao due
Ca dao, tue ngu ia di san tinh than quy bau ma
ong cha ta da de lai, nd chiem mpt vi tri quan trpng
trong ddi song ttnh ttian cua nhan dan Ca dao, tyc
ngdia kho tri thde quy bau ve kinh nghiem eupe swig,
dap ll lam ngudi Vi vay, khai thac, van dyng vao day
hpc GDCD noi ehung va phan "Cdng dan vdi dao
d i ^ ' n d l rieng la dieu can thiet, gop phan nang cao
hieu qua day hpc mon hpc nay
Myc tieu cua phan "Cdngdan v&daodik^QUCXi
10) la giup HS nam vung cac gia tri dao dde eua xa
hpi, td do CO ttiai dp ton trpng cac gia tri dao dde ay,
hinh ttianh nhdng hanh vl dng xd phu hgp vdi chuan
muc dao ddc; dong ttidi co quyet tam hpc tap, ren
luyen de tu hoan thien ban ttian Mpt trong nhung
phuang phap dae luc cho viec day hpe phan 'Cdng
din vdidao duc'dat hieu qua cao la sudung ca dao,
ttjc ngd Triet li giao dye sau sac cua nhan dan ta da
36 Tap chi Giao due so 308
dugc khai quatva due ketqua ca dao, tuc ngdnhuan sau vao mau thjt moi ngudi dan Viet Nam, nen cac bai hpc dao ddc se trdnen gan gui than thuong nhu ldi
nj eua m e, tnjyen ke eiJa ba
Qua trinh giao dye dao due cho HS dua tren vl§c khai thac ca dao, tyc ngu la hudng di mang ban sac rieng eua nen giao due nudc nha; gop phan hoan thanh nhiem vy giaodue maDang va Nha nudeta d l
ra Dieu nay cd y nghla vo cung quan trpng, dae biet
la trong thdi ki hpi nhap quoe te hien nay
3 Cach thuc van dung ca dao, tuc ngu vao day hoc phan " C o n g dan vdi dao d u e "
Ca dao, tuc ngd Viet Nam co val trd quan trpng trong viec khoi day niem say me, hdng thii cua HS
trong day hpc phan Vdng dan vdi dao ddc' Tuy
nhien, neu qualam dung se gay tac dung nguge, lam eho HS tap trung vao gial thlcli y nghla cua ca^dao, tue ngd ma quen chu y den ngi dung bal hpc Cf day ehung toi xin gidi thieu mpt so hudng van dyng ca dao.tuengdtrong day hpc nhusau:
1) Su dung ca dao, tuc ngu trong viec giang giai kieh thdc mdi
-Ca'c/)//Jt//; Khi phan tich: Tinh yeu la gi?,\iong Bai 12 Vdng dan vdi tinh yeu, hdn nhan vagia dinh'
(GDCD 10), cd ttie dua ra cac nhdm cau ca dao noi
ve trang thai cua tinh yeu, sau dd chia Idp ttianh 3 nhom de thao luan:
Nhom 1:'Nhd ai boi hoi boi hoi/Nhu ddng dong ^ nhu ngoi dong than": 'Minh nhdta nhuca nhdmuoi/
Ta nhdminh nhu cudi nhd trang"
Nhom 2: 'Dieu say dieu do dieu lin/Anh thucmg
em mii nhu an phai btja"; 'Qua dinh ngandn trong dinh/Dinh bao nhieu ngoi thuang minh biy nhiiu' Nhdm 3: Tiich chang an dchi'p chenh/Em nhu thuyen thijngienh denhgiua ddng'; 'Anh ndi vdi em nhuriu chem xud'ng da/Nhura ehem xudng dat/Nhu mit rdt vao tai/Biy gid anh da nghe ai/Bo em giua ehd'n non doai kho ehua?'
' Klioa Giao dnc ctiinli tri, TnTdng 0ai hoc stf pban Ha Not
-(ki2-4/2013)
Trang 2^ Tdng nhdm cu dai dipn len trinh bay cam nhan
cua m inh ve cac trang thai tinh yeu the hien trong dd
GV dua ra ket luan cac trang thai cua tinh yeu: nhd,
ttiuong,ghen tuong,sau han
- Cich thd2: Khi ndi tdi quan he giua cha me va
eon caitrongBai12 {GDCD 10),edtheduara nhdng
cau ca dao, tyc ngdtral nguge nhau ve van de nay
- Hieu thao: "Cdng cha nhu nui Thaisan/Nghia
me nhu nudc trong ngudn chay ra/Mdt tdng thd me
kinh cha/Cho tron chuhid'u mai la dao con"
• Bat hieu: 'Cha me nuoi con bing trdi, bing be/
Con nudi cha me con ketiJng ngay"
GV hudng dan HS khalthac ynghTa eua tdng cau
va chl ra y nao dung, y nao sai, vl sao? Vcri ket hgp
nhuvay, se nJt ra dugc ket luan dung d^n vebon phan
cua con cai vdi cha me Tuy nhien, GV can chu y
khong nen lam dyng ma dua ra qua nhieu eau ea
dao, tuc ngu trong mot bai giang, d i d i n tdi phan tan
su chil y cua HS hoae gay nham chan trong quatrinh
day hpc
2) Su dung ca dao, tuc ngd trong on tip vi
cdng cd'trlthuc On tgp, cung ep tri thdc trong day
hpc GDCDcunglampthinhthdequan trpng.Deviec
en tap CP hieu qua, G V can sd dung nhieu hinh thuc
da dang, phong phu Cung vdi eae hinh thde on tap
khae, ca dao, tuc ngd se gdp phan da d?ng hoa va
lam hap d i n HS vdi mon hoc xua nay van dupc xem
la khd, kho vatn>u tugng
Vi du: Khi on tap, G V cd the dua ra n h i ^ g cau rat
don gian nhu: Em liay eho biet eau tuc ngii: 'Gicijng
mqt me chd hoai da nhau" noi idi quan he nao Uong
gia dinh? Tgi sao? T d d d , giup HS hieu ro quan he
anh, chj em trong gia dinh
Hay; Theo em, ngudi dan ong trong eau tuc ngd
lim trai nim the bay thiep/Phan gii chi quyet
mqt be nuoi con'6a vi phgm nguyen t i c nao trong
Luat Hdn nhan va gia dinh nam 2000 cua nude ta?
Tgi sao?
Tra ldi: Vi pham nguyen t i c : Hon nhan tu nguyen
tien bp, mpt vg mot chong, vg chong binh dang Vi,
theo Dieu 18 Chuang 3 cua Luat Hon nhan va gia
dinh nam 2000 cua nudc ta thi: Vq chong ehung
thuy thuang yeu, quy trqng cham soc, giup danhau,
cung nhau xay dt/ng gia dinh no am binh ding, tien
bd, hanh phuc ben vung'
3J Su dung ca dao, tiJc ngd trong kie'm tra
danh gii kien thuc Day la hinh thdc giup G V danh
giadugc khanang hieuvavan dyng kien thucGDCD
cua HS vao gial quyet vain de dat ra 0 hinh thdc nay
cung cd the van dung ca dao, tyc ngu
Vi du: Bang li luan vathuc tien cupc song, eac em
hay lam sang to cau ca dao: 'Bi'u ai thuang liy bi cung/Tuy rang khac gidng nhung ehung mdt giin "de
noi len truyen thong doan ket, yeu ttiuang gimg noi cua dan tpc Viet Nam
Hay, dudi hinh thdc trie nghiem: Em dong y vdl
cau tyc ngu, ca dao nao hay danh dau X: "Tu dau eho bing tu nhi/Thdcha, kinh me m^li ehan tu'; Vha me nudi con bang trdi bing be/Con nudi cha
me con ketdng ngay"
Viec sudyng ca dao, tuc ngd trong kiem tra, danh giase giup HS co kha nang khai thac, phan tich va lap luan mpt van de, dong thdi, cd kha nang van dyng tri thdc mdn GDCDvao thuc ti§n cupc song
Ca dao, tuc ngu cdthe van dung trong rat nhieu mon hpc, trong do CO mon GDCD, lam eho viec day
hpc GDCD ndi ehung va phan "Cdng dan vdi dao
tfirt;"(GDCD 10) noi rieng hap dan, de hieu, d l nhdva
de van dyng vao thuc tien han Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh day hgc, tuy theo tdng chuong, tdng phan ma
GV CO the su dung mpt each hgp li nhung hinh thdc tren de nang cao chat lugng bp mon •
(ki2-4/2023)-Tai li^u tham khao
1 Bui HoSng Son "Khai day nifim hung thu vdi hpc
smh Uong day hoc mOn Giao due c6ng dan" Tiip chi
Dgy vd hoc ngdy nay, s6' Te'l 2009
2 Dinh Van Dure {chu bi€n) Day hpc theo chuSn kien
thuc, kl nSng mon Giao due cong dan lop 10 NXB
Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2010
3 Le Thj van Anh - Nguygn Van Hai - Nguyen Thi dlic cho hoc sinh ph6 thSng qua day hoc phdn eOng
dan voi dao dlic'Giao due cOng dan ldp W.Tgp chi
Gido due, s6 27y20\0
4 Vo Ngoc Phan Tuc ngir, ca dao, dan ca Viet Nam
NXB Kdn/ipc, H 1997
5 Luat Hdn nhan va gia dinti aikia 2000 NXB Chi'nh
tri qudc gia, H 2000
6 Ma[ Van Binh (ldng chu bifin) Gido due edng dSn
10 NXB GidorfHC, H.2007
SUMMARY
People educaUon is a social science subject which have an very important part in high-school However, most ofthe pupils don't understand clearly this role learn this So that, using the folk-song to teach this subject will Inspire more and more passion for the pupils to learn this
Tap chi Gido due so 308 37