CAC CHIEN LimC DAY GlilA SINH VIEN NHAM TANG DAN TiNH TirONG TAC VIEN TRONG HOC TAP (i DAI HOC Chuong trinh day hpc (DH) djnh hudng chua''''n dau ra (outcomes besed curieulum OBC) hay ndi each khac la dj[.]
Trang 1CAC CHIEN LimC DAY
GlilA SINH VIEN
NHAM TANG DAN TiNH TirONG TAC VIEN TRONG HOC TAP (i DAI HOC
Chuong trinh day hpc (DH) djnh hudng chua'n
dau ra (outcomes besed curieulum - OBC)
hay ndi each khac la djnh hudng ket qua dau
ra dupe ban den tddau nhdng nam 90 eiia the kl XX
ngay cang nhan dupc suquan tam eua nhieu qude
gia tren thegidi, trong ddcd Viet Nam Hidn nay, hau
het cae ta/dng dai hpc (OH) d nude ta deu xay dimg
va cdng bd chuan dau ra tren eac w/ebsite cua ta/dng
minh Ngoai eac muc tieu kien thdc; kT nang; ngoai
ngir; tin hpe , mong mud'n chua'n dau ra eua eac
tardng deu ed: "kinang lam viec eung nhau, kTnang
chia se va hgp tad Do dd, dua ren luyen ki nang hpe
tap hpp tac (KNHTHT) vao viec xac djnh cac muc tieu
DH trong cac mdn hoc o D H la mpt tat yeu
Thiet ke cac ehien lupc DH n h i m tang dan tinh
tupng tac sinh vien (SV)-SV, chinh la xay dung eae
nhiem vy, cac hoat dpng cho SV-SV trong qua trinh
hpc tap (HT] bang each tang dan dp khd eua eac
nhipm vy nham ren luyen cac KN HTHT va phat trien
tinh tieh ct/c eua tu duy eho SV
^ Chien \uqcy, Nhiim vuHT dugc thiet ke tuang
doi dan giin nhim nim vung ndi dung tai lieu HT,
cung cd'tn thdc, phat tnen kinang hgp tac ca bin
Thdigian diin ra hoatdgng hgc tap hgp tac (HTHT)
trong vdng 5-10 phut thudng khi kit thuc gid hgc li
thuyit vdi quy md nhdm nhd 2 SV/1 nhdm Sudung
thich hgp khi G V mdi bat dau tii'p can cac each thdc
DHhgptac, ddngthdiphijhgp vdi cac muc do KNHTHT
eua SV cdn thap
Cach thuc hiin
St/dcr.-Cancdvaondidung bai hpc li thuyet vua
hpc, GV thiet ke nhiem vu hpp tac vdl yeu cau tha'p,
thdi gian Biyc hien n g i n VD: SV tdm tatbai ngay sau
gidhgc!ithuyet;giiiquyetmgttinhhud'ng,baitapvan
dung kien thuc vua hoc; mgt bai trac nghiem nhanh
vdi kien thuc vt/a hgc nham cung cdvlec n i m vung
ndi dung tai lieu HT thdng qua viee SV hpp tae vol
nliau 'xad" bai ngay tai Idp, dudjnh thdi gian dien la
hoat ddng hpp tae SV- SV tuong dd'i n g i n 5-10 phut
BU(X:2:+ GV giao nhiem vu eho SV; + SV tiep
nhan nhiem vy
ThS N G U Y I N THj T H A N H '
5u'0C5.Chianhdmnhd2SV/1 nhdm,thudng2
SV ngoi canh nhau trong mpt ban mpt nhdm; + SV to ehuc trao dd'i, thao luan, chia se hc^ tac vdi nhau de hoan thanh nhiem vy; + GV theo ddi djnh hudng, cd
van, ho trp, hudng d i n eae KNHTHT eho SV
St/d&^.+GVyeucaudaidien mpt, vai nhdm trinh bay ket qua; + S V trinh bay ket qua
flt/dc 5:+GV nhan xet danh gia, tong k ^ + S V ling nghe, trao da va bdsung, chinh xac hoa kien thuc ' V o l chien lupc quy md nhdm nhd (2 ngudi) thi su tuong hd giua eae S V d i l n ra cao hon, cac SV trong tung nhdm cd trach nhiem canhan cao, d i d a n g thyc hien hpp tac, toai tnitinhy lai, ludi bieng.Dong thdiSV biettudieu chinh minh, hinh thanh kTnang biet taiyen dat, tiep thu,thuong lupng vdi nhau dedl den ket qua thd'ng nha't trong mpt thdi gian n g i n
2 Chien luge 2: Thiet ki'cac nhiem vuhgptac mdc do khd ddi hoi tinh sang tao chua cao, mdiddng dmtkyeucaukhaiquat;giiithich;sosanh;tmghgp; nhd lai nhung ngi dung da hge Muc dich budc dau luyen tap cae thao tie, cac kTnang hop tic Vdi chien luac chia SV thanh eac nhdm 4-5 SV/1 nhdm, na dung nhiem vu dugc chia deu eho 4-5 S V Caeh thuc hiin
Budc /,'+ G V lua ehpn trong tai lieu giang day cd
npidung phu hpp vdi chien lupc DH la: npidung cothe thiet ke thanh 4-5 nhiem vy, tuong iing thdigian hoan thanh nhiem vy cua SV n g i n khoang thdi gian 30-40
phiit Vidu Yiu eau khai quit hoa kien thdc cOa mqt chuang trong mdt mdn hoc; Dat cau ha phan tich cho tung phan tmng tam bai hga, Phan chia tmS^u hgc tap thanh cac phan yiu cau cac nhdm SV tim hi&j, nghien cuu tra Idi nhOng cau h6i s6\uqngnh^
vu va mdc dp khd tuong duong nhau chia deu cho cac thanh vien trong mdt nhdm
Budc2:-t-Gy bieu dat nhiem vy; + SV tiep nhan
nhiem vy
Budc 3: + Chia 4-5 SV thanh mpt nhdm, trong
nhdm chuy khac nhau ve nang luc, sd thich, gidi tinh
' Khoa ^im li - Gtao due, Tnrang Il^i bQC H6ng Dire
36 Tap chi Giao due so 307
Trang 2chia nhiem vu dupc giao cho cac thanh vien trong
nhdm theo nang tuc,sdta/dng valam viec canhan;
+ GV theo ddi trp giup nhdng thic m i c xung quanh
van deSV nghien ctiu
Budc 4: + SV td'chdc trao ddi, thao luan, hpp tac
vdi nhau hoan thanh nhipm vy mang tinh tong hpp;
+ GV theo ddi dinh hudng.cdvan.hdtro, hudng d i n
cacKNHTHT ChoSV
Bude5:+ GV yeu cau dai dien nhdm trinh bay ket
qua; + SV trinh bay ket qua
Budc6:+Qy nhan xet, danh gia, td'ng ket; + SV
ting nghe, trao dd'i va bd' sung, chinh xac hoa
kien thiic,
_' Vdi chien lupc chia nhiem vu thanh 4-5 phan,
mdl SV dam nhan mot nhiem vy khac nhau, dat ra
yeu cau trach nhiem cao ddi vdl tung SV, Hp phal lo
thuc hien tdt nhiem vu da giao cho minh, Ddng thdi,
cd trach nhiem trao doi, thao tuein, thoa hiep vdi cae
ban trong nhdm tao thanh san pham ehung hoan
chinh Nhu vay, so vdl chien lupc 1, d mue dp nay
nhiem vu hpp tae phdc tap hon, cac thanh vien trong
nhdm cung dupc tang ten, dae biet nha'n manh viec
phan chia cac nhiem vu gli/a cac thanh vien trong
nhdm va phai hoan thanh san pham ehung, Do dd,
ijat ra y§u c i u v l KNHTHT ciia SV phai cao hon
{phii biet trinh bay rd rang, di hieu, thuyet phuc
ngudi khac; biet ling nghe tim/; biet ton trong ngudi
khac; biet giup dd lan nhau va thoi thuan di de'n
thd'ng nhat)
3 Chien lupc 3: Nhiem vuhgp tac duge thiet ke
vdi yeu cau SV phii cd tuduy sang tao va khi nang
phan tich, tong hgp tuang dd'i cao Dong thdi doi hdi
SVphii cd KNHTHT tuang dd'i cao deed the hgp
tac hgc tap gida cac thanh vien trong nhdm dehoan
thanhnhigm v^i Nhiem vu thudng yeu cau nhu: V$n
dung; thiet ke; sang tie; giii quyit mang tinh tdng
hgp cao, nhieu phuang an, nhieu quan diem giai
quyet khac nhau G V khdng chia nho nhiem vu, quy
md nhdm nin tu4-6SV Thdigian thuc hien trong
2-5 tiettren Idp (cdtheed ehoSVehuanbi ngidung
dnha)
Cach tht/c hiin
Budc 1:+ GV lua chpn trong chuong trinh nhdng
npi dung cd uu the cho viec thiet ke nhiem vy tupng
tac SV-SV, vdi chien lupc nhipm vy ed dp khd U/ong
ddi ddi hdl SV phai cd tuduy sang tao, phan tich torig
hpp cao DSc biet nhiem vy mang tinh "m& nhieu
phuong an,nhilu quan die'm giaiquyetvadi/kien thdi
tiet hpc {phu hgp vdi cac gidthio luan, luyen tip tin ehl) G V thiet ke nhiem vu, vi du: Chu de thao luan ve
cac hien tupng giao dye tim nguyen nhan va bien phap khic phuc; Phan tich mdt thuc trang giao dye va xaydungeacytudngphattrien (5etao npidung hoat ddng cho SV trong gid hpc,
Budc2:+ G V bleu dat nhiem VLI da dupc thiet ke
(nhiem vu giiia cac nhdm cd the gidng eiJng cd the khac nhau); + SV tiep nhan nhiem vy
Budc 3: + Chia 4-6 SV thanh mdt nhdm, trong
nhdm chuy khac nhau venang tuc, sd thich, gidi tinh
vung mien ,; + S V nghien euu lam viec ca nhan {cae nhdm ed the thao luan va phan chia thanh cac nhiem
vu nho cung cd the khdng phan chia) San pham
nghien ciru canhan nao eung deu phal edquan diem giai quyet ctia minh,
Budc 4: + SV to'chdc trao dd'i, thao tuan, chia se
hpp tac vdi nhau hoan thanh nhiem vu mang tinh td'ng hpp;+ GV theo ddi djnh hudng, cd'va'n, hdtrpva hudng dan cac KNHTHT cho SV,
Suoc 5,'+GV yeu cau mpt SV bat ki dai dien trong nhdm trinh bay ketqua; + SV trinh bay ketqua
Budc6:+Gy nhan xet, danh gia, td'ng ket; + SV ling
nghe, trao ddi va bd'sung, chinh xac hoa kien thiic
* Mdc dp nhiem vu hpp tae nay, ddi hdi yeu cau phai cd tu duy sang tao cao va su nd luc ehung sdc cua cae thanh vien trong nhdm, song khdng nhan manh viec phan chia nhiem vu tiing ca nhan Do vay,
so vdi chien lupc 2; 3 nhiem vu dmdc dp nay yeu cau
SV phai ed KNHTHT cao hon, SV phai biet tuong trp, giiip dd, hiep thuong, gial quyet bat dong de nhdm hoat ddng nhjp nhang va di de'n ket qua
4 Chien \uqc 4: Thiet kecac nhiem vuhgp tie vdi
yiu eau cao vuatra ngoaipham vildp hgc, ddihoiSV phii biet phan chia nhiem vu, lap kehoach nghien cuu, thu thap, phan tich tong hap sdlieu thu duae a ngoai thuc tiin, tong hop, thd'ng nhat dehoan thanh nhiem vu, dt/kien thdigian thuc hien tuang ddidaicd Uie 1 tuan; mdt thing hoae cd the dai han
Cach thuc hien
5 i / o c / +Can edndl dung chuong trinh, kehoach day hpc G V lua chpn cac chu de hoae goi y, hudng
d i n , cdvan cho SV tuthiet ke cac nhiem vy HT trong pham vl mdn hpc, npi dung gan vdi nghien cuu khca hpc g i n lien li luan va tht/c tien ddi sd'ng (thudng la mpt van de thuc tiln can gial quyet) Dp khd cua nhiem vy phai tuong dd'i cao, doi hdl SV phai cd trinh dp tu duy sang tao, van dung li luan vao thuc tiln Pham vi thuc
Tap chi Gido due so 307 37
Trang 3gia mdl cd the hoan thanh Vi dy: Nghien cdu tht/c
trang d nhiem moi trudng tai mot dja danh tudd tim
nguyen nhan va bien phap khic phue; Tim hieu mgt
thuc trang giao due hoae day hgc tu dd tim nguyen
nhan va bien phap khSc phuc ;+5"^ chuanh\\3i[\eu,
phuong tien, dieu kien, tinh than HT theo hudng d i n
cuaGV
Budc 2:+ GV giao nhiem vu cho SV hoae chinh
xac hoa nhiem vy ma S V da lua chpn va gia han thdi
gian hoan thanh cung cae tieu chi danh gia; + S V tiep
nhan nhiem vy
Budc 3: + SV nghien cuu nhiem vu, phan chia
thanh cac nhiem vy nhd cho tirng ea nhan phii hc^
vdi nang luc Lap ke hoach, thdi gian cho boat ddng
hpp tac nhdm de thdng nhat hd trp nhau trong qua
trinh thuc hien nhiem vy; + G V theo ddi djnh hudng
cdvan, hd trp, cung ban bae hpp tac vdi S V n h i m tim
ra phuong an tdi uu giai quyet nhiem vu
Sudc 4 +SV trien khai thuc hien kehoach nghien
ctiu, khao sat thue hien nhiem vu ca nhan da dupc
giao; + GV theo ddi, djnh hudng, cdvan, hd trp, hpp
tac Cling SV
Budc5: + SV td'chiic trao ddi, thao luan, hpp tac
thd'ng nhat vdi nhau hoan thanh nhiem vy mang tinh
sang tao cao trong thuc tien; + GV theo doi, dinh
hudng, cdvan, ho trp, hpp tac eung SV
Budc6:+ Nghiem thu san pham vayeu cau dai dien
nhdm frinh bay san pham; + S V trinh bay san pham
Budc 7;+ Nhan xet, danh gia, to'ng ket; -i- SV ling
nghe, trao doi va bd'sung, chinh xac hoa kien thuc
• Vdi ehien lupc DH 1 2 , 3 HT hpp tac cua SV
chu yeu dien ra trong ldp hpe 0 chien lupc 4, HT
chil yeu d i l n r a d n g o a i l d p hpc, ngoai ta/dng, muc
dp khd cua nhiem vu cao tn thue can tim rdng va
yeu eau tu duy sang tao hon Do dd, dat ra yeu cau
SV phai dat d m d c dp cao hon, thuan thyc hon cae
KNHTHT nhu biet phdi hpp lam viec cd ke hoach,
biet phan tich va phan chia nhiem vy theo dung
nang luc, biet hd trp, giup dd nhau vdi tinh than tap
the eao trong quatrinh hoan thanh nhiem vy chien
lupc nay nhan manh boi dudng tinh than, kT nang
hop tac va nang luc tu duy sang tao trong thue tien
-nang luc mdi cua S V G
3 Dang Thinh Himg ' H ^ thdng cfic kT ning h<?c l$p
hien djii" Tgp chi Gido diic, sfl 78/2004
4 Thdi Duy Tuyen P h m m g p h d p d a y hoc truyen
thong va doi m(H NXB Gido due H 2008
5 Yao Dan Di Suy nghi vt hpc t^p h o r tac NXB
Gido due qude gia Trung Qude 2004
6 Sheng Qun Li - Zheng Shu Zhen Thiet ke hpc t§p
hoT) tac NXB Gido difc Tritfi Giang, 2006
SUMMARY
The strategy is to design collaborative learning tasksin ascending level of difficulty in the learning process ofstudents The article guide teachers ways well as improving the effectiveness of teaching the subject
Ve viec Oanh gia mot liet day
(Tiep theo trang 29)
hay khdng mdt tiet day cd the anh hudng tdt hay khdng tdt den chat lupng, hieu qua day hpc d nha
tardng phd'thdng, rait can duqc cae GV va eac nha
quan li giao dye quan tam mpt each dung mdc de cd
su nhin nhan, xem xet, dieu ehinh eae hoat ddng day va hpc cua thay va trd mpt each phu hc^, mang lai hieu qua cao •
TSl lifu tham khao
1 Hoing Anh - Dd Minh Chau T u h p c ciia sinh vien
NXB Gido rfiicH 2008
2 D Jonson - R Jonhson - E.HoIubee Cicte of teaming:
coopenion tn the ctassrom Inieraiion Book Company
{1) Chua'n nghe nghiep gido vi£n trung hpc (Chuong
11 Dieu 6 Tiiu chudn 3)
(2) BO GD-DT Hudng ddn sd 10227/THPT ngdy
J1/9/2001 cda Bg GD-DT vi Ddnh gid xip logi gid dgy bdc irung hgc"
T a i lieu t h a m k h a o
1 B6 GD-DT Hutrng d a n ^ p d u n g ChuSn nghS nghiep giao vien t r u n g hpc vao d a n h gid gido vi@n NXB £)ai/i<?c j[/p/i(j/n, H, 2011,
2 Trdn Kieu (chu biftn) Dfl'i m d i ki^m I r a , ddnh gid
ket qua hpc t u p hpc sinh cdc lop 6 , 7 , 8 NXB Gido
due H.2002
SUMMARY
The teacher is teaching people directly, directly determines the quality and efficiency of educational careers So oveiull teacher evaluation, evaluation of teaching hours of teachers in particular Is a neces-saryjob but also the sensitivity Evaluating true or not exactly an hour teaching of teachers in the class-tive teaching in the schools
38 Tap chi Gido due so 307