N G U Y E N N H A N V A G I A I P H A P N G A N N G t '''' A HANH VI DANH NHAU Oi HDC SINH TRONG NHA TRDflNG PHO THONG PGS TS LE V A N A N H * Mac du chi la ca biet, song trong thdi gian gan day, hien tu[.]
Trang 1N G U Y E N N H A N VA G I A I P H A P N G A N N G t ' A HANH VI DANH NHAU Oi HDC SINH TRONG NHA TRDflNG PHO THONG
PGS TS LE V A N A N H *
Mac du chi la ca biet, song trong thdi gian gan
day, hien tupng hpe smh (HS) danh nhau
xay ra ngay cang tang dcae ta/dng hpc, d
nhieu dja phuong vdi tinh chat va mdc dp nghiem
trpng;gay nen sutd'n thuong vethechat, st/td'n hai
den tam ti vatinh than HS, lam mat uy tin ca nhan va
nha ta/dng, gay lo ting trong xa hdi, bat d'n trong
edng tac giao due ciia nha ta/dng Bai vie't nghien eiiu
nguyen nhan, bleu hien ciia hanh vi danh nhau
(HVDN)trongHSvadexuatcac glai phap ngan ngiia
tinh trang nay trong nha tardng hien nay
HVDN d HS la hanh vi cua mdt (hoae nhdm) HS
sddijng sdc manh the chat va vu khi de'cudng bdc,
tran ap, danh dap, hoae la sd dung tdi ndi thd tyc, vd
v 3 n h d a d e m i n g md, iang nhuc, chui bdi mdt (hoae
nhdm) HS khac, gay nen nhdng hau qua tieu cue,
Nguyen nhan nay sinh chii yeu xua't phat td nhung
mau thuin, xich mich nhd (va eham dan den mau
thuin; ndi xa'u, khieu khich nhau; dua g l ^ rdi ndi
ndng, tha'y ban hpc gidi hon ininh nen ghen ghet,, );
ndng ndi, thieu kiem che, hieu t h i n g , mud'n the hien
"ban ITnh", "cai_tdi", "dang cap", khdng mud'n ai hon
minh; hie'u biet han che ve phap luat, khdng ludng
tn/dc dupe hau qua eiia viee lam, nhan thdc sai tech
din den hanii ddng saitrai,
1 Cac ye'u t d c d d a u hieu nguy c o gay ra HVDN
oHS
Xet ve ban chat, HVDN d tud'i vj thanh nien cd
nhOng dau hidu "mam mdng", can sdm dupc phat
hien de ngan chan hau qua, Od la:
1) Cach cuxu "ngi tarn " hay "bieu Id" Caeh
"cu xd ndi tam" phan anh s u "aJt lur, dc che, to l i n g
hay chan nan Do it bpc Id ra ben ngoai, nhung HS
nay thudng khdng dupc giao vien (G V), nhan vien va
ngay ca nhiing ngudi than nhait trong gia dinh nhan
ra, nen khdng nghT ring cac em cd thegay ra H VON
Vi v^y, cae nha giao dye can luu y tdi n h i ^ g HS cd
\km trang thien ve cacti "cu xu npi tam" nay Ngupc
lai, each "cu xii bleu Id" de phan anh cac hanh dpng
lim tdi, gay go, hie'u dpng thai qua, thudng diln ra d ca
ben trong va ben ngoai nha tardng Cac hanh ddng
bao tuc (nhu dam, da) thudng dupc cae em "hoc tap" khi quan sat hanh dpnp ciia ngudi khac
2) Mgt so yeu to tam H ea nhan g i n lien vdl
nhung mdc dp gay han cao va day la dau hieu eua cac nguy cove bao tuc Chisd IQ thap cung lien quan tdi nhung muc dp hung hang cao hon Cac phat hien khac cung cho thay d tre nam, kha nang "khd van ddng", gap khd khan trong chti y, dpe thucmg dudoan mdt HVDN khdng mong mudn ve sau nay
3) Ye'u to mdi trudng gia dinh Mot sd b i n g
chdng cho tha'y, ki luat thd bao cua cha methudng di lien vdi mtic dp hung hang cao hon d thanh nien Hien tupngbdmehay cai nhau, ndi hdn vdl dng ba, thdi quen hung han va "hieu ehien",., trong euxii;su tiep xuc vdi bao tuc tren vd tuyen taiyen hinh va trd choi game true tuyen (nhat la cae trd choi bao luc) lien quan tdi su gia tang tinh hung han d tre em (va su hung hang nay tai cd the duoc dua vao tmtjng hpe) Nhuvay, mdi tnidng gia dinh, tinh each, hanh vi ctia cha me la yeu to' chu ye'u tac dpng va cd anh hudng rat Idn tdi hanh vi, nhan each cija tre ngay td rat sdm - khi mdi sinh ra eho den tuol tmdng thanh
4) Yeu tomditrudngxung quanh vaddisd'ng cgng ddng Cac cdng dong cd ti te tdi pham va su
dyng ma tuy cao; tinh trang nha cua toi tan ben canh trudng hoc; su tiep xiic vdi ban be hu hdng,
se ta "manh dat nudi dudng" nhung hanh dpng c u xu" bao tuc 0 H S va dupc cac em dua vao tardng hpe
(tinh trang "tan eong" GV dudng nhu hay xay ra
hon tai cac ta/dng d gan ke cac khu vue cd ti te tdi pham cao),
5) Yeu to mdi trudng trudng hgc Nhin ehung,
mdttafdnghpccdtileHS nam cao;cd "thanh tich" ve vdkiluat;titeHS/GV cao; dja diem ta/dng ddng tai dd thj thudng ed n^uy co cao lien quan tdi hanh vi gay han va hieu chien trong eae tnidng hpc Trong HS, thanh tich hpe tap cua cac em thudng "tile nghjeh"vdi hanh ddng chdng lai ki cuong, quy djnh cua nhatn/dng
va xa hpi
' Vien Khoa IIQC giao due Viet Nam
Tap chi Gido due so 307 25
Trang 27^fiao/tfcffta/j//;e;dyng Cham vao than the'ma
khdng dupc eho phep; ngan trd tioat dpng b i n g bait
edeach nao {ngan can khdng eho di lai, bop ed', dam
da, tat, danh, )
2) Bao luc tinh due: dyng cham vao bat cd chd
nao tren co the ngudi khac; binh luan ve tinh dye
hoae dua ra nhung nhan xetkheu gpi vecotiie; cudng
ep quan he tinh dye, xem sach bao khieu dam; ddi xu
ttid Id va cd hanh vi "san lung" vi myc dich tinh dye
ajSao/tfCjrafto/.'lambemathoacphdtldbanbe
d nhdng noi cdng cpng; khdng eho gap gd cu xu
khdng tdt vdi ban be; gay chuyen cat ton,
4) Bao Igc tinh camAdi ndi/tam If de dpa;phPt
Id tinh cam ho§c eudi gilu; doa nat; gpi ten de che
gilu; het to cao gipng ttifn tie'ng quat thao; chenhao
ho^cchitrich;lammattiie'dipn ciia ngudi khae vagIa
dinh hp;_bupe tpi sai, dd'oan, vu cao; bdi mdc va ndi ra
nhung Idl lam tnidc mpi ngudi; nhari xet tieu cue ve
ngoai hinh; ndi dua theo kieu ac y nhim muc dich bdi
mdc nhung khiem khuyet ciia ngudi khae
3 Cac nguyen nhan cua HVON
1) Tugdc do kinh ti'- van hoa • xa hgi Su
phat trien cua kinh te, cudng dp lao ddng ngay cang
cao ap li/c cdng vi^c ngay cang Idn d i n tdi su phan
edng lai lao ddng va keo theo su phan hoa giau
ngheo trong xa hpi khien cho mpt bd phan lao
d$ng trong xa hpi khdng cd thdi gian lam viec nha,
nay sinh nhu cau giup viec gia dinh Hoan canh dd
tgo cho tre em cd thdi quen y lai, sal khien ngudi
khae, ehi biet ngudi khae phue vy minh, khdng tu
lam bait ciivl^c gi ma edn khien nhieu bae cha me
khdng biet dieu gi dang d i l n ra dd'i vdl con em minli
de edtheudn nan kjp thdi Nhiing bp phim, trd Choi
dipn tu, mdt so bd taiyen tranh ed ndi dung khdng
lanh manh, mang tinh bao luc la mpttrong nhung
yeu to anh hudng xa'u de'n tinh each ctia mpt bp
ph^n thanh thieu nien va day chinh la mam mdng
nay sinh hanh vi bao lue trong nha ta/dng
2) Tugdc do giao due the hipn d:
a) Su 'qua tai kien thuc' din de'n "qua tii tha gian
hgc tap', khien eho G V va HS phai danh qua nhieu
edng sue vao "cAay fa/* mdt dung luc^g kien thtic vua
rpng vda sau, vua han l i m , nhung thieu tinh thiet
thyc Mdt so boat ddng ngoai khoa cd npi dung cjiao
dye (G D) dao due, loi sdng ddi khi m ang tinh chieu le,
hinh thuc khien HS cam thay "hpc ma khdng hieu bai,
nhdbar va khdng ap dyng dupe vao thuc te, gay nen
SI/ehan nan trong hpc t^p d i n den ni nhau bd hpc,
yeu duong sdm, tim den ma tuy, danh nhau bang
hung khi,
b) Phudng phap GD dao due, loi sd'ng da bdc Id
vdi mye tieu hinh ttianh n ^ sd'ng van minh, loi sdng dng xd cd van hoa cho HS khdng dupc nhu mong mud'n Mpt so mdn hpc cd uu the ho|c cd ndi dung
g i n vdi GD dao due, loi sd'ng, GD cac gia trj van hoa tmyen thdng chua dupc GV quan tam dting mdc nen cac tiet hpe thudng nham chan, nang li thuyet, giao huan, khien c u ^ g ,
e) Cdng tie quan li trong nha tn/dng hien nay edn thien vehanh chi'nh va nang thanh tich Nhung hoat
ddng GD ngoai khoa it dupc quan tam, chua dau tU
thoa dang; phong trao "xay dung tn/dng hgc thin thien, HS tieh et/d chua thi/c suphat huy hieu qua d) Hinh thuc xuliHS vipham hien nay chua thuc sued tae dung giao due Viee "nghiem tri" la can thiet,
nhung phai xem xet hinh thue ki lu|it sao eho vtia cd tac dung rSn de, vda "md Id'i" cho nhdng HS vi pham
cd eo hdl sua ehua khuyet die'm
e) Moi quan he thay - trd dang ed nhdng khoang each Trong nha tardng, G V ehu nhiem ddng vai trd
het sdc quan trpng Tuy nhien, mdi quan he nay con nhieu han che' trong bdi canh hipn nay; sU phdl hq/p gida nha ta/dng - gia dinh - xa hpi cdn Idng leo, thi&u chat che Tham chi, rnpt sdit G V khdng cdn ia nhung
"tam guang san^ 6eHS noi theo
3) Tugdc do tam Hlua tuol a) Vesuphattnen sinh Ir dgial doan 'tien daythf,
"trong d$y thi, va "hau day thf nay, st/ chuyen hoa
hdu CO trong co the rait manh me, sdc sd'ng doi dao
d i n den su hieu ddng, khien cac em mat dist/dieu dp chinh xac va thieu lam chu hanh vi cua ban than
b) Ve si/phat tnen tam Ir nhu cau tu the hi?n
minh d giai doan nay dupe phat trien Trong phat trien tt/ duy, cac nha giao dye va tam li the gidi da
due ket: d Ida tuol caip tieu hpc tri nao tre chi d "tu duy mdt bude'bao gom ghi nhan, hpe hoi; Ida tuol cap tmng hpc eo sd la "tu duy hai budd gom ghi
nhan va phan tich dung sal; lua tudi tamg hpc phd'
thdng mang "tuduyphin bien'[c6n gpi la tu duy tdi
han, hay tu duy nhieu budc) bao gom ghi nhan phan tich dung sal va dua ra gial phap de giai quyet vain de Thiet nghT, bien phap giao due HS khdng cdn khd khan khi gia dinh, nha ta/dng, xa hdi ludn quan tam va cham sdc trong tdng giai doan phat trien tu duy va hanh ddng cua ehiing
c) Tugdc do gia dinh: do thieu kien thdc ve van
hoa, xa hpi, kinh te, phap luat mpt sophij huynh HS thieu guong m l u , vi pham phap luat, thd bao vdi eac em; khdng kiem soat dupc viec dpe saeh bao, xem bang hinh cd npi dung bao luc, doi taiy; tinh trang b^o luc gia dinh; cha me mau t h u i n , li dl; thieu quan tSm de'n viec hpc tap va cac mdi quan he ban be cua con
26 Top chi Gido due so 307
Trang 3ph9mphap;chddchathep.thleu not vui choi, giai tri
van hoa, the thao
4.Motsogiaiphap ngan ngua HVON trong HS
1} Vephia nha trudng
a) Td chdc tap huan, boi dudng nang eao nhan
thiicve vain de bao lue hpc dudng va phat trien nang
luc GD ngan ngtia bao tuc hpc dudng cho can bp
quan li, GV (die biet la GV chu nhiem), HS, cha me
HS va cdng dong Viec tuyen truyen, nang cao nhan
thuccandupctd'ehticthudng xuyen, dudi nhieu hinh
thtic da d^ng, phong phiJ va phu hpp vdi dae diem
cua ddi tuong va van hda dia phuong;
b) Xay dung mdi trucmg van hda hgc dudng vdi
cac Idp hpc an toan, than thien dua tren eac md'iquan
h? tdn trpng, tin cay i^doan ket, hpp tac gida cae thanh
vien trong tnidng; td'chdc cac hoat ddng tap the, cac
taal hinh "cau lac bp" vdl nhieu not dung lanh manh,
bdich,,
c) Xay dt/ng Phdng tuvan tam li eho HS trong nha
fa/dngde kjp thdi giiip HS glai toa nhdng khd khan,
bdc xtic, ap It/c; djnh hudng cho cac em each suy
nghT vaglalquyet tich cue cac mau t h u i n , eac van de
khd khan trong cupc sdng Cac phdng nay can dupc
dat d mpt vj tri thuan tien trong tnidng de HS cd the
tim de'n mpt each de dang, khdnge ngai; boat ddng
dinh ki trong tuan va Ijeh tu van can dupe thdng bao
rpng rai de HS toan ta/dng; thanh lap hop thu "Dieu
ern muon noi trong ta/dng va eae dudng day ndng
deHSedthechiase nhdng tam tu, khd khan, bdc xuc
cua ban than, va thdng^bao kjp thdi vdi nha ta/dng ve
nhiing nguy co cd the xay ra bao luc trong ta/dng
cung nhu cac vy viec da va dang xay ra,
d) Kethgp chatche git/a nha trudng, gia dinh va
cgng dong dia phuung trong viec G D ngan ngda
hanh vi bao luc dcae trudng hpc; ket hpp vipc tuyen
duong, khen thudng nhiing HS bletdoan ket, tuong
trp, giup dd ban be trong hpc tap, cudc sdng vdi viec
ap dtjng nhdng blen phap ki iuat nghiem k h i c dd'i
vdi nhdng HS cd lianh vi bao tuc; tang cudng GD
cac gia tri dao ddc - nhan van va eac ki nang sd'ng
can thiet cho HS;
e) Tang cudng, tao dieu kien ve ca sd vat chat va
kinh phicho viec giao dye dgo ddc va nhan van cua
nha ta/dng
2) Vephia gia dinh Cting vdi nha tardng giao
dye HS, cha m§ phai la ngudi cd kien thdc, biet It/a
chpn nhiing vain de phu hpp vdi yeu cau cua xa hpi,
phu hdp vdi hoan canh va tam li Ida tuol; la ngudi
ban ludn gan gui,tdntrpng, l i n g nghe.tam su,chia
se, luon s i n sang hd tro, tu van, giup do con vupt
qua nhiing khd khan trong cupc sdng; la tam guong
vdi nha trudng trong^viec GD, dinh hudng suphat trien cho eac em de tranh nhung hanh vl bao tt/c xay ra;.,
3) Vephia xa hgi: tuyen taiyen, pho bien kien
thue nhim nang cao nhan thdc ve tae hai cua HVDN
d HS va trach nhiem ngan ngda hanh vi nay trong cdng ddng; xay dung duluan xa hpi tich cue ta/dc eae HVDN trong nha trudng; cd blen phap quan li ehat che cac trang mang, sach bao, phlm anh, bang hinli, trd choi, game bao luc; tao nhieu san choi lanh manh, bd' ich cho thanh, thieu nien tren eae phuong tien tmyen thdng dai ehung va trong cpng dong; chinh quyen dja phuong cd hinh thuc khen thudng v a x u phat ngtilem minh, dung phap luat, cdng khai, kip thdidd'ivdicacHVDNdHS
4) Vephia WS;nha tardng cho phep HS tham gia
xay dung npi quy tardng, Idp de gitJp cac em hinh thanh ythdc tam chii ban than, biet phan biet cai xa'u, cai tdt, nhdng viec nen lam; manh dan, edi mdchia se, tam si/va thdng tin vdi G V chu nhiem, giam thj, ban
be trong cac cau lac bd d nha tardng; binh tinh tim each glai quyet mau thuan bang trao ddi, ddi thoalj_
n h i m tim hieu nguyen nhan gay ra cac mau thuin
de cd each dng xdphu hpp tranh eac hanh vi bao luc xay ra; tim st/hdtrp, giup do cila tap the top, GV, Ban dai dien cha me HS, chinh quyen dja phuong khIed nguy co hoae xay ra bao luc hpc dudng G
Tai li^u tham khao
1 Mai Anh "Bdt ngi trudng hgc" http://sharevn.orp
22/11/2011
2 Oilchange "Bgo luc hgc duang Id gi", hup://
www n.sscl,org, 22/11/2011
3- Phan Thao - Thanh Tting "Ngdn ch^n bao luc hgc
/f.AViP-r/jf'^HAo?"hirp://www.sggp.Qrpvn 10/06/2012
4 Le Van Anh Gidi phdp ngdn ngCta cdc hdnh vi bgo
luc trong hgc sinh trung hoc phd thdng" (Nhiem vu
khoa hpc va cOng nghe c^p BO, ma s6: B2011-37-03NV),
5 Ki y^u HOi thao "Bao luc hgc duong - nguyin nhdn
vd gidi phdp ", Sa GD-DT TP H6 Chi Minh, 10/2010
In recent years, the phenomenon of student fights
in schools in Vietnam ha become a hot topic, draw-ing public attention and signiti cantly influenced the educaUon quality, in thiscontext the author has pre-sented a number of Issues In vohdng student's vio-lent at school: the related concepts/notions: the ex-pression ofbviolent behavios: forms and causes of violent behaviors anhd some measures to prevent lightings among students at schools
Tap chi Gido due so 307 | 27