IMGDlllGKNGHflNGiVJIODWHIEIilCPIliViCHiNGlNGii TRiiG PHO THOI M l i f i DAY HOC A B l l KHiifi D H LM ThS LE THj N G O C A N H " T p ng dung cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) vao I I day hpc mdn Nguvan (N V)[.]
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TRiiG PHO THOI - M l i f i DAY HOC A B l l KHiifi D H LM
ThS L E THj N G O C A N H "
T p ng dung cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) vao
I I day hpc mdn Nguvan (N V) da gay ra nhieu
\ ^ - y du luan trai ehieu Oac biet, da cd khdng it
nhdng y kien cho r§ng, viec irng dyng nay trong hoat
dpng dpc van (phan van ban) la khdng phtJ hop bdi
dae tn/ng cam xtJc tham mTva tinh hinh tuang rd net
cua tac pham.Tuy nhien, theo ehung tdi, khdng phai
vi thema ehung ta "eutuyet" vdi nhung tac dpng tich
CI/C cua CNTT ddi vdi TPVH ma quan trpng la can ung
dung ra sao, d mtJc dp nao dephat huy hieu qua tdi
uu Do dd, phan tich nhi/ng uu diem, han che ctia
CNTT trong vao day hpc N V ndiehung vadgy hpc tac
pha'm van hpc (TPVH) na rieng la mot co sdkhoa hpc,
qua dd dexuat nhung dinh hudng va bien phap iing
dung phu hop
Themanhdactrung cua CNTT thehien dkha nang:
1) Luu giu - cap nhat, thay doi thdng tin nhanh chdng
Qua dd, giao vien (G V) va hpe sinh (HS) ed the tao mot
"thu vien dien tt/" khong id trong mdt chiec may tinh
nhd Detim kiem mpt tailleu lien quan den bal hpe, ehi
can thuc hien nhiSig ttiao tac don gian tren ban phim;
2) Chia tach - lien ket - ddng hien -tuang tae gida cac
don vj tri tht/c: tinh linh hogt, trt/c quan, sinh dpng la
mdt ttiemgnh dge biet eua CNTT ddi vdi dgy hpc bdi tri
ttiiJ'e khdng tdn tai ducri dang "finh" ma ludn the hien d
dang ddng, trong eac mdi quan he blen chdng; 3)
Chuyen tai tri tht/c dudi cac "dang thdc" khae nhau
(am thanh, kl ty, md hinh ): neu nhutrong phuang
phap dgy hpc (PPDH) tmyen thdng, tri thuc tdn tgi ehu
yeu dudi dgng kituva dupc chuyen tai qua ngdn ngd
cua GV thi khicd thig dung CNTT, hoat dpng dgy hpc
trd nen het sire sinh ddng, hap dan vdi nhieu kenh
thdng tin khac nhau
1.I>ng dung CNTT vao day hpcndjchungvaday
hpc WVnoi ridng
1) Uu diem: tiet kiem duae thdi gian ghi bang;
kien thiJc dupe trinh bay mdt each logic, he thdng va
khoa hpc; eung cap cho HS nhieu kien thtJc sinh
ddng, phong phu va sau sac; hinh thanh bau khdng
khi phii hop vdi ndi dung kien thtJc bai hpc, tao nen mpt khdng gian tham mT, phti hc^ vcri cam htJmg ehu dao eua van ban tac pham van chuang, gay hap
d i n , thu hilt st/chtj y ctja HS; khoi day tiem nang va kha nang lam viec ddc lap, phat huy duae tinh tieh ct/c, chu dpng, sang tao ct/a ngudi hpe; da dgng hoa cac hinh tht/c bal tap, nang cao hieu qua luyen tap, cung cdva kiem tra, danh gia HS cua GV; gdp phan the hien dae tn/ng phan mdn, dae tn/ng the loai vSn hpe eua eae van ban tac pham; tao dieu ki§n tieh hop cac phan mdn, lien mdn; da dang hoa va phd'i hap duae nhieu PPDH
2/Wan c/ie; khd cap nhat nhung phat hien mdl me trong gidhpe,eaesft/etrinhehieuddtrdthanh nhdng
"van ban trinh bay"cua G V (ttiam chiblen thanh "phao" cua ngudi day); khd duy tri vaphattrien cam xue tti^m mTcua HS (neu bi c u o i htJt vao nhihig hinh anh, hieu ung, HS s e d l bi gian dogn ddng tu duy va mgch cam xue, giam kha nang Ben tudng, tudng tupng); han chekT nang ghi eh epcijaHS, ndidung caban cua bai hpc bj
"trdr theo nhdng "cltek"; dd sa vao tinh trgng "dpc diln" ci/aGVvasu ttiu ddngghl chep dHS
Tdnhihig phan tich tren.thielnghTviectJng dung GNTTvaodayhpe/VVndiehung vaday hpc TPVH noi riengcanquantam mpt sddjnh hudng sau:
- Phuc vu cho viec to chtic hoat dgng day va hgc
rPV/yfrenA^cht/klidngphaisudLing CNTT nhu mpt phuang tien trinh chiaj cua G V nhuUiucteung dung va nhucach hieu thdng ttiudng)
- Nhan thuc dOng din vaitrd cua cac thanh to
tham gia vao qua trinh day hgc HS la nhdng chu ttie
hpctap tich ci/e, ehu ddng, sang tao; GV gidvaltrdtd chtJC, hudng dan.cdvsh, trpng tai ; CNTT la phuong tien d^c luc phuc vu cho ca hoat ddng dgy va hpc cua GVvaHS
- Phu hap vt^dac tn/ng mon hge, phin mon, the
loai, bii hoc vi tung dan vi kien thOcci^the.Oky\avan
" Kboa Ngff v » -TniSHfiai hoc stf phan -Dai boc flii
44 Tap chi Gido due so 306
-(ki2-3/2013)
Trang 2demSu chot quyet djnh phi/ang hucfng, hieu quaeua
vi#c ling dung CNTT va cung la "got Chan Asin" ma du
luan dua vao do dephunhan nhiing tac dpng tich cue
cua CNTT doivdi day hoc NV noi ehung va day hoc
TPVH noi rieng
2.Bexuliimatsobien phap iing dung CNTT vao
day hoc TPVH
VBadfnghoihofidongdocmSuMcfilacpham
tnJtinh.GVchoHS nghe cae * a u * h a y video cac
nghe sidoc, ngam,hat(ne'udU(;icphonhac), do chinh
GVdoc duoc thu lai hoae do ehinh tae gia thehien; con
vtS cae tae pham tusuva kjch, se cho HS xem cac trich
doan phim/k|ch del<hac sau an tuong ve nhan vat hoae
nhung tinh huong doc dao
Vi du: khi day van hgc dan gian (vcri dae tmng la tinh
nguyen hcfp tinh tmyen mieng, la loai hinh nghethuat
dien xu6ng, ),GV phaichuytai hien lai moitmcfngva
cac hinh thiic diln xucfng, dua nguoi hgc tro vevcri hoan
canh ra dcri va hinh thiic luu tmyen cija tac pham Vol uu
thecua CNTT, cothe de dang "chen"nhling biic tranh
dan gian, doan phim lai hign lai nhiing buoi hat doi dap
dan ca, tuong, cheo, canh gia lang ke lai siithi ben bep
luagiiia nui nlng Tay Nguyen giup HS duoe trove vol
cgl ngugn dan tgc eung nhu cam nhan duoc sau s^c ve
dep rat rieng cija van hgc dan gian
2) Trinh chieu cac tu lieu khong co trong sach
glaokhoa,phucvuchohoatimggiang-binh,phat
van, thao lain nhuanh chan dung, que quan, cugc
ddi nha van;cac nhan djnh ve tac gia-tac pham,nhung
kien thiic "vjn hgc cong cu" (van hgc siJ, li luan van hge,
trithiidvan hoa ) degiijp HS cothem nhiing kien thiic
lien quan den bai hoc, qua do eo the cSt nghla, li giai
van ban tac pham mgt each sau sac, thau dao
Vidu: Day hgc nhiingTPVHth Cli ki trung daldpho
thong Stuong doi khobft khoang each tham mTgiua nha
van vanguoi dgc Tuy nhien, nhciCNTT,GVe6lhenhanh
ehdng cung cap nhiing kien thiic vethi phap van hgc
tmng dalmgl each ngSn ggn,caban;taihien khong khi
"Imng cd'',thu hep nhiing khoang each, degiup HS cd
Ihecam nhan mdl each dldang,sau sic hon ve dep cua
cac tac pham giai doan nay
3)Xaydimgcacm6hlnh,sai6tuduyl<haquat
kien thiic, xic lip cic mdl quan he trong va ngoai
tic p M m V i d g : khiday tac pham tu Si/, G V e d the
hudng d i n HS lap so do tuduy tom t j t tac pham, khai
quat gia trj tac pham; xac lap mdl quan he giira cac
nhan vat, d i l m nhin, each tiep nhan, cac van ban tac
pham khae nhau cd cung de tai, ehu de eua mot hoae
nhieu tae gia
4}Badanghoacachinhthucluyentap-cungcd:
/r/e/nf/a-dfan/igi^Qac biet, GVcdthexay dung cac bai tap tr§c nghiem, tdchiic cac trd choi 6 ehii vao cudi gidhpc de thu thdng tin phan hoi nhanh ve hieu quatiep nhan van ban cua HS
S.Motso'yeu cau khi img dung CNTT vao day hoc TPVH
7^£)d;VCT(3K;-Cdtrinh dp chuyen mdn, nghepvu vimg vang de xuli vachgn lgc tri thiic mgt each chinh xac, ed dgng, kheo leo; van dung phdi hgp linh hoat nhieu PPDH; bdtri cac slide, chgn hieu ung, chen hinh anh, am thanh dam bag muc tieu, tinh he thdng cting nhudungy nghethuat eiia tling bai; siidung hinh anh,
am thanh mptcach thich hpp, phu hpp vdi dae tmng phan mdn:cd kien th lie va kTnang CO ban veCNTTde' sudung mpt each chu dpng; ket hpp trinh chieu may tinh vcri ghi bang detdmt^t ngi dung CO ban eua bai hgc
va cap nhatnhiing phathien mcri Cija HS; diing "Phieu
Aocrlff tdm tStdecuongbai hpe deHSdItheo dgi; ngi dung trinh chieu can tinh chgn, ngSn ggn, trgng tam; cac thdng tin si}dung(duddang kenh am thanh, hinh anh hay ki tli) can dam bao tinh supham,tinh khoa hgc
va tinh tham ml, tranh hien tupng duthiia hoae phan
ckn;2)BdivaiHS:T\ch cue, chu ddng Irong quatrinh
hgc tap: tap trung chiiy, nhanh nhay tiep thu trithuc ma
G V gpi y; biet phan tich, danh giade nit ra nhiing ket luan qua dd hinh thanh nhiing kien thiic, kTnang can thiet; chuan bibaidnhaeu the, chitielmdrdng nguon tai lieu tham kliaoqua cae thdng tin,tu feu trdn Intemet, sach bao,tap ehi
Nggaira.GVvaHS cung can luuy-VekTIhuat chu ysulogic trong va giiia eacslide dedam bag tinh CiJ the
va khaiquatcua kien thiic:si)dung eSchii, mau chir hgp li (khdng qua dam hoacquanhat; khdng qua nhieu mau hgae mau quatuong phan ) detien ehoquatrinh theo ddi, ghi chep cua HS
CdthekhSng dinh tinh hieu qua cua viec ling dung CNTT vao day hgcNVytudngva tai nang cua nguc* Sii diJng.Tuy nhlen,ean nhan thiic viec siidungCNTT chi lampt suhd trp khican thiel ehii khong phai la phuong phap "chu dao" trong tiet hgc nen can hetsiic tranh linh trang "dm may" lam mat ban s5e cija gidhgc Van cung nhu lan at vaitrd cua ngudi day, ngudi hpe •
(ki
2-3/2013)-Tai li?u tham kh^o
I Phan Trgng Luan Van hpc giao due thf ki X X I
NXB Dgi IIQC qugc gia Ha Nfi 2002
(Xem b^ tmng 18}
Tap chi Giao dut so 306 | 45