CHUAISr KI NAUG DOC HIEU TRONG CHiniNG TRINH NGff VAN 12 QUA CAI NHiN SO SANH O O A N THI THANH HUY^N'''' Chuang trinh (CT) giio dtic phothong (GDPT)mdn Nguvan (NV)(han hanh theo Quyetdinhs6l6/2006/QD BG[.]
Trang 1CHUAISr K I NAUG DOC HIEU TRONG CHiniNG TRINH NGff VAN 12 QUA CAI NHiN SO SANH
O O A N THI THANH HUY^N'
Chuang trinh (CT) giio dtic phothong
(GDPT)mdn Nguvan (NV)(han hanh theo
Quyetdinhs6l6/2006/QD-BGD&BT, ngayOS/
5^006cOa Bgtn/ong BgGD-BT)da^eh\enr66{iac
nhung tien bd va sueap nhat vdi quan niem qudc te
(mac dtJ van can tiep tuc hoan thien) Baiviet nay de
cap muc dge^ dat ve kTnang (KN) dgc hieu dav&HS
ldp 12c\ia CT N V hien hanh thdng qua tim hieu va so
sanh vdi nhung tieu chuan cua KN dpc danh chp HS
Icp 12 trong Chucmg trinh caban (CTCB) mon Ngon
ngir nghe //luaf (bang New York -Hoa Ki) dupe ap
dung tdn^m 2005
L T o n g quan vecau true cua hai CT
Hai CT deu ed sti djnh hudng xuyen sudt cho cac
cap ldp trong hettiong giao duc phothdng {tuy nhien,
CTCB mon Ngon ngif nghe ffiuitcon baogom cacap
mSu giao vacach phan cap cac nhdm Idp cung cdsu
khac bipt)
1)CTCB mon Ngon ngirnghethuit.Sau'^hmmd
dau" ngin gpn nhu: G'laithieu, Tne'tli Caei(haini§m,
Cieh siidung, Cae buac tiep theo, Cac trang web lien
quan , npi dung chinh cua CT la sir "CIJ the hoa" eho
cac KN dttJmg khdi Idpva Idp rieng theo cac "mgch"
dgc, viet, nghe, not Mdi KN lgi gom hai phan: a^ The
hien nhOngyeu to bieu hien cabin (nhiJng y tudng
chinh veca bdn KN: dpc, viet, nghe va ndi) cho ca boh
tieu chuan cua mdn hpc vdi nhdm Idp (nha tre den kip
1; ldp 2-4; ldp 5-6; kip 7-8; kJp 9-12); i i ; Cu/fte/ioac/jo
miiKN theo bingiijp: dupc caiu tnJe song song, ung vdi
hai ndi dung sau: Cac nang It/c dpc viet; nhdng yeu td
b i & hign rieng cho tiJTig kip (tJTig vd^ti>ng KN rieng)
Nhuvay, cdttienhan ttiay, CTCB d[l(3c xuyen sudt
bdi "mgch dpc'(la cac KN nghe, ndi, dpe, viet) va "mgch
ngang" (d mdi cap \dp va Idp rieng theo nang li/c va
nhi/ng yeu td'-chi bao" cuthe cho tdng KN)
2}CTGDPTmdnNgilvang6mcacn)\Jc:L Vitrimon
NV:ilMi/ctieu:iiLQuandi&nxiydt/hgvaphattiwiCT
(gdm: npi dung CT; cae mach npi dung; kehoach dgy
hpe); iV Ngidung day hgctOng kip (tuldp 1-12}:\nnh bay
ttieo c k ngidung; l^ GaffiK/j-/juiahgdin (cau ttue CT;
42 Tap chi Gido dye so 306
phuong phap dgy hoc; danh gia ket quahpe tap cijaHS;
van dung CT ttieo dae dian vung, mien) VL Chuinki&i thtic,KNehotungldp(lheoba()a{iung:Chude,Mucdg can daNa Ghichi^
So vdi CT eu, ngoai nhdng dd'i mdl ve nguyen tic, npi dung , quan niem ve cau tnjc CT nay cung cd ttiay d ^ (chl ra mdl quan he chat che giua cac thanh td eua CT nhumuc tieu, ndidung, phuong phap, phuong tiwi va kiem tra, danh g[a).Dac biet, lan dau fien, ngoai
ndi dung cu ttie cho mdi ldp, CT GDPT mon NVcon
ed phan "Chua'n kien thuif va "KN can dat cho mdi
chu de (mach npi dung), trong dd neu rd mtjre dp can dgt va nhung ghi chu can thiet cho mtJc dp can dat Day chinh la$u"'eu the hoa" cho eac muc tieu ve kien thdc, KN, thai dd ma CT hudng tdi (neu so sanh vdl CTCB, se tuong ting vdi phan cac tieu chuan de ra)
2 " T i e u c h u a n eg t h e " c h o KN d o c a HS Idp 12 a ca hai CT
1) Trong CTCB mon Ngon ngungheOiuit 4 KN
dgc, Viet, nghe nwludn dupc tich hc^ vert nhau ngay tt>
dau va ehung cho tat ca cac cap, ldp; ddng ttidi hudng tdi4dichden eoban: HSse dpe, viet, nghe vandi-vdi
4 tieu chuan dat ra: a) Co thong tin va hieu, b) Codap ung vi bieu hien van hgc, e) Dinh gia va phan tich co phe phan; d) Tuang tac xahaTUdngdngvcAm^teu
chuantren eho KN dpc la cac yeu tdnhdhan, chitiet hon - duoc gpi la cac "chi sd bleu hien rieng biet" cho trinh dp ma HS kip 12 phai the hien dupe khi cae em hpe dpc Ngoai ra, CTCB cdn chothay nhung dae diem nd1 bat khac:
- Chu trgng trang bi KN va y thOc "dgc dgc lap' cua HS, ke t i ; viec xac djnh "dja ehi" de tim cac
ngudn tai lieu rpng rai den yeu cau xac dinh dupc
muc dieh cua viec dpc VI dij: de 'co thong tin va hieW (tieu chuan 1), tardc tien HS dupe yeu cau
can biet "dinh v i " va s u dung cac "nguon thu vipn" khae nhau (nhu- thu vien trudng hpc, thu vien edng cdng, thuvien chuyen nganh, thuvien dae bi^t, );
' Khoa Net VH - T n m g Bai lioc »r phan Ha Noi
Trang 2(nhu: tddien va eae ban tdm ii\); xac dinh mtJc dich
eua viee dpc, tim nhung tai lieu nghien ct/u phii hpp
Viec yeu ceiu HS xac dinh d u p c "dpc d d a u "
va "dpc de'lam g i " khdng ehi phuc vu cho qua
trinh hpc tap hien thdi ma edn hinh thanh van
hoa dpc cho HS trong tuang lai
- Quan tam tdi nguyen tac "day hge gin vdi ddi
song", thehien qua yeu cau HS nhan biet vaphan tich
md'i quan he giiJa van hpc vdi ntidng st/ kien, tinh
hud'ng duang thdi (xa hdi va ca nhan) tu cac the loai
van ban van hpc khac nhau (truyen ng§n, tieu thuyet,
kjch,ttio,bailuan);dpcvathaoluan venhungbaiphe
binh van hpc; tham gia cac "hpi thoai cdng tac" nhu
thao luan dong dang (peer-led d\scuss\ony,6qcva\ra
Idi theo cap, thao lugn theo nhdm hop tae nhiim ap
dgng cac ytudng trong van ban vao cac tinh hudng
khac, m d rdng eae y tudng de' m d rpng quan diem
Nhu vgy, viec dpc da trd thanh st/"trai nghiem tieh
ci/e", Idp hpe trdthanh "dien dan" de tog dam, se chia
va nha van chinh la ban ddng hanh than thien cua
ban dpe HS
- ChO ynhung hoat dgng vi thao tic eij thede dinh
hudng eho viec dge Trong tieu chuan 2 "codap ung va
bieu hien van hgtf, cd yeu cau da de cap hogt ddng: +
So sanh mot phien ban duoc di/ng thanh phim, bang
hinh hoge diin tren san khau eua tac pham van chuong
vdl van ban tren giay; +Dpc to van ban van chuong de
chuyen tai duoc su trinh dien cua tae pham; hay dtieu
chuan 3 ""danh gia vaphin tich co phe phid", yeu cau
HS can: +Tham gia vao cac hogt ddng dpc (nhu dpc
ddng thanh) va ed eau tra Idi "dang vief iihu ban "ghi
chep hai chieu" (double entry joumals) dexac djnh va
phSn bigt cae vi dtJ ve dang the tha; hogc trong tieu
chuan4"tuangtacxahdi", HS se thuc hien viee chia se
nhung trai nghiem dpc eung bgn be hay vdi ngudi ldn
(vi du cung nhau dpc ttiam hay dpe to va ttiao luan vesu
dap dng vdi eac vcin ban)
NhCing tieu chuan gin vdlcac bieu hien, hogt ddng
cg the neu tren chinh la mpt "cdng cu die luc"de do
ludngtinhtiehcgcciJaHStnDngqiJa trinh dpc ndi rieng
va qua trinh hpctap ndi ehung; ddng thdi hinh thanh,
phat trien nhiJng KN, nSng ILTC dpc d cac em
2)TrongCTGDPTm6n Ngi/vin.dphan"Mucd6
cind^f, yeu eau dua ra la su"tich hop" gii/a k i ^ tti t/c,
KN va thai do; trong dd cae KN lai la su "tich hpp" ca
dgc, viiiva nd/(chu yeu la dgeva viet)
Vidg:dd'ivdiehude Van/7pc,d ndi dung Vanban
vin hgc ^yen hien dai Viet Nam, (Nguvan 12)muc dp
c^n dat dupc dua ra la- a^ Hii'u nhQng dae sic vengi
tieu thuyet hien dai(Vanhat-Kim Lan; VachongA Phu
•JbUoai; Rung xanu-Nguyen JningJhanh; Nhdng dOa con trong gia dinh -Nguyen Thi; Chixffiuyenngtjs
ra-Nguyen Minh Chau;Mp/rt5t/djHaWp/-Nguyln
Khai;Mua lamngtrong vudn -Ma Van Khang,-S^fsau rung U Minh ha • San Nam) vdi van de sd phan con
ngudi, cam ht/ng anh hung cava cam hijfngttiesij^ tinh yeu que huang dat nudc; si/phong phu, da dang vede tai, chu de; nghethuat xay dt/ng nhan vat, nghethuat xay dt/ng tinh hud'ng truyen, btJt phap tran thuat mdi
me; b)Nim vOng mgt so die diem cua truyen Viel Nam iLfsau Cach mang thing Tim 1945d&) h^thekf XX; c) Biet each dge - hiiu mgt ^ephim tmyen hien d^ Viet Nam theo die tnrng the toai; biet van dung nhOng hieu biet tren khilam bii van nghi luin van hgc; d) Biet van dung nhiing hieu biet tren khilam bai van nghi hian vanhgc
Nhuvay, neu ndi rieng yeu cau ve tfpc, cdthe thay
"mi/e dp can dat" dupe de cap ehu yeu la nhung "ndi dung hieu" gin vdi cac tac pham CLI ttie vanhdm cac lac pham cung giai dogn lich su.eung theloai;edn ve"KN" ehi dijng lai dyeu eau: tren ca sd hieu dupc van ban trong gid hpc, HS biet dpe hieu eac van ban cung the loai.Oay cung la mde dp can dat chinh veKN dpe cho cac chude Van/jpckhac trong CT
CTGDPT mon NgOvinvdi fnh ttian lich hop" dua
tren haitnjc chinh la "dpc hleu"va"Iam van"vdi nhung chuan kien thtJC va KN da budc dau chuyen sang each tiep cgn mue tieu va phattrien Trong xu the mdi, viee ddi mdi each tiep can CT la tat yeu (nhat la khi each tJej) can nang Il/c dang chiem uu the) vdi cae tieu chuan, mue tieu veKN,n3ng lire duoc cu thehoa; djnh hudng
rd net cho cae hoat ddng tren Idp eung nhuhogt dpng kie'm tra,danhgiahS.a
Tai li^u tham khao
1 Phan Trong Luan (chu bien) Day hpc theo chudn
ki^n thih:, k i n3ng mdn Ngii-vSn 12 NXB Dai hoc suphgm, H 2009
2 Dd Ngoc Thtfng Chmmg trinh mfln Ngu-vin trong
nha trumig phfl' thflng Viet Nam NXB Gido due
Viit Nam, U 20]]
3 Cuban, L The Hidden Variable: How Organizplions
Influence Teacher Responses to Secondary Science Curriculum Reform Theory into Practice Vol 34,
No I, 4-]\ Ngudn•.http://www.teachersmind.com/
Curriculum 1995
(Xem 0^ trang 49)
Tap chi Gido due so 306 43
Trang 3ddt, btfsung, danh ga.ti/danh giava nit kinh nghiem-> Nghe
GVketluan.danh gia
b)Hoatddng2(3Q\)\\ut).GVct\ia]apthanh2\6 tol cdcac
nhdm 1,3,5,7 to 2 cd cac nhdm 2,4,6,8
Vdl cau hdtS va 6 cd the tach thanh 4 eau hoi nho
sau:-CauhSiS 1 Tim cac chi bet miSu ta Huan Cao (qua ldi tac gia, ldi
quan coi ngue, vien Iho lai va ehinh Huan Cao)' Cac chitiet dothe
hien tinh each gi cua nhSn vSt (nhom 1,2) - Cau h6i5.2:Quan
diem ngh^lhuatcua Nguyin Tuan the hien dnhin vat Huan Cao
nhuthe nao? (nhdm 3,4); - CSuhoiS /.'Tim eaechi tie't mieu ta
v\6n quan nggc va thiiy Iho lai Cac chi tiel do the hien linh each
gicuanhSn vat? (nhom 5.6);- Cauh6i62:Quandiem nghethuat
cua Nguyin TuSn thlhi^n qua nhSn vat nay nhu thenao'? (nhdm
7,8) Thdi gian hgp tac: 5 phul; ihdi gian trinh bay: 15 phut; GV
danh gia, bdsung ket luan 10 phut (hel tiet 1)
c;Ho^/tf9np3;ciu/)0/7(cae nhdm dtdl); ciu/jo/fl(eae
nhdm t6'2) (thdi gian h(;rp tac: 5 phut; thdi gian trinh bay: 10
phut; GV bdsung, danh gia: 5 phut)
oy Wo^/rfdnff-* (5 phut): siidung nhdm 2 HSva neu cau hdi:
-Neu dugc ve eanh cho ehu', em sevenhu thenao?;-Neu duoc
ddi (en tac phd'm, em se dol la g i?
0jWo?/rf^np5(2 phut): siJdgng nhdm cd'djnh (nhdm theo
don vj td'da phSn chia 6 Idp) ve nha HT tra Idi cau h6i9 (danh
cho ph^n kiS'm tra balcu tid't sau dudI hinh thdc ggi bat cu' HS
nao tra Idi)
3} Glaldoan td'ng kii, dinh gli.Q'^ td'ng ket, hg thd'ng lai
lu^n di6'm cua loan bai hgc; hudng din HS chu y phan trong tam
la hinh tU(;nig nhSn v^t Huan Cao va quan nggceung quan diem
tham mTcua Nguyfin Tuan;chira nghe IhuSt doc dao cua nha
vin;danh gia mdc dg Ihuc hifin eua HS;cd thecho die'm, nhic
nhd HS chuan bj bai mdi HS he thd'ng lai kifi'n thuc da hoc, lu
danti gia kfi't qua hgc tap eua minh va cung moi ngudi trong
nhdm danh gia muc dg dat duoc so vdi mue lieu de ra, neu ro
nhi7ng \6r\ lai va nguyfin nhan de rut kinh nghiem; liep nhan
nhi^m vu mdl du^c gtao
Td'chdc hogtdpng HT trong day hpc tmyen ngSn
"Cht/nguditi/tiT mang Igi hieu qua: khai thac triet de
chieu sau cua tac pham, gdp phan nang cao hon ehait
lupng gidhpc tac pham van chuong; dua den nhdng
each hieu thwig nhatva hpp II khi tiep can van ban; tao
tam ttie, hdng thu cho HS trong viec dde lap, chudpng
tim kiem va chiem Iinh tri thdc; gitJp ngudi hpc hinh
ttianh kTnang, pham chat, nhan each n h u l i n h H T va
ttidiquen nghien cdu, tuhpc sudt ddi.lJ
{I) Ho&ng Phe Tiir di^n tifng Vift NXB Dd Ndng,
2011
(2) David W.Johnson - Roger T.Johnson - Edythe
(ki2-3/2013)-NXB ASCD Alexandria Virginia, 1994
(3) Nguyin LOc v a n hoc Viet Nam nua CUM the Id X V m den het the ki X K NXB Cttio rfuc Wer/Vam, H 2009
(4), (5) NhiSu lac gia Giang vSn v&n hoc Viet Nam
NXBCfdorfMcH 1999
Tai lieu tham khao
l N g u - v a n l K t a p \).NXB Gido due H 2007
2 Nguyin Vi^t ChO- Phmmg phap day hoc tac phS'm
van chutmg theo loai the NXB Dgi hpc supham Ha
Ndi 2008
3 NguySn Thi Ciic "Vdn dung U ihuyii dgy hgc hap
Idc vdo dgy mdn Lich su - Dia li cho hgc sinh ldp 5 ngudi ddn tdc thliu sdlinh Kon Turn" (Lufln van thac
si), Truong Dgi hoc supham Hd Ndi, 2011
-4 Huthig d i n thuc hiSn chu^nkifn thiic, ki nang mOn
Ngikv&al&p n NXB Cidoduc Viei Nam H 2 0 n
5 "Nguyin Tudn via khoa Vdn" (Ki niUm 100 nam
nam smh NguySn Tuftn) Khoa NgO van, Trudng Khoa
NgO van - T r u i n g Dgi hgc suphgm Hd Ndi 2010
7 NguySn TuSn T r u y e n ngdn va ki NXB Vdn hgc,
H.2008
SUMMARY
Tiie method, which Is considered cooperative
leaming, not only helps students remember the knowl-edge but also encourages them with their social skills
In order to organize cooperative acUviUes in leaming 'Chu nguoi tu tu' teachers should understand seven basic Items about the author and his literary work The process consists of three steps: preparing, or-ganizing live cooperaUve activiUes and conclusion The benefits of this method will be discovered through out this process
Chuan ki nang doc hieu
(T'^ Uieo tmng 43)
4 English Language Arts Core Curriculum
(Prekindergarten-Grade 12) 5/2005 Ngudn: http://
www.pl2.nysed.gov
SUMMARY
The Philology Curriculum of Vietnam is going to
be Innovated In comparison with the English Lan-guage Arts Core Curriculum (f^ekindergaiten-Grade
12, May 2005} of New York, grade 12 reading stand-ards in Philology Curriculum of Vietnam is not de-tailed Furthermore, these reading standards focus
on lesson content, not on reading skills They should
be specified to develope the reading competence of students to agree with the new program approach -the capability approach
Tap chi Giao due so 306 | 49