PHirONG PHAP THAO LUAN NHOM K [ T HOP Vfil CAG Kl THUAT OAY HOC TRONG MON GIAO OUC GONG DAN fi TRUfiNG TRUNG HOC PRO THONG ThS BUI THI THANH HUYEN" De nang cao chat lugng day hpc d bae hpc tmng hpc ph[.]
Trang 1PHirONG PHAP THAO LUAN NHOM K[T HOP Vfil CAG Kl THUAT OAY HOC TRONG MON GIAO OUC GONG DAN fi TRUfiNG TRUNG HOC PRO THONG
ThS BUI THI T H A N H HUYEN"
De nang cao chat lugng day hpc d bae hpc
tmng hpc pho thdng (THPT) ndi ehung va
nang cao hieu qua cua day hpc mdn Giio
due cong din (GDCD) ndi rieng, mdl giao vien (GV)
ludn phaida mcri phuong phap day hpc (PPDH), each
thu'c day hgc Viec ap dung phuong phap thao luan
nhdm (PPTLN)kelhgp vdi cae klthuatday hpc (KTDH)
la mpt trong nhung each day hpe nham pliat huy lot
nhat tinh tich cue cija ngudi hge
Trong qua trinh day hgc, nhieu PPDH, KTDH
nham tich cue hda ngudi hoc da dugc van dyng trong
tt)ng bpmdn va dnht/ng pham vl day hpc khac nhau,
trongddedmdn GDCD.Tuy nhien khi thuc hien, GV
can linh hoat lua ehpn PPDH, KTDH mdt each sang
^ 0 , phti htjp vdi tung tiet, lijmg bal, tung khd'i ldp cy the
Ap dung mpt PPDH cy the phdi hc^ vdl cac KTDH se
lam cho viec day cija GV va viec hoc cua HS dd'i vdi
cac ndi dung kien thCre eua mdn GDCD trd nen sinh
ddng, hap dan, hieu qua hon, bdi ndi dung mdn hgc
nay bao gpm eac kien thuc ve tnet hpc, kinh te, xa hpi
vd'n khd khan, tn/u tugng, khd hieu Neu d mdi bai
day, tiet dayGV bletphd'lhgp PPDH vdi cac KTDH se
lam cho viee linh hpi cac kien thu'c cua hgc sinh (HS)
se khdng nham chan, khd hieu, viec hgc eua HS
khong edn thy ddng Cach day nay se kich thich st/td
md, tugiae, ham lim hieu kien thue cua HS
Cdnhieu PPDH cdthe phd'i hgp vdi cac KTDH
dem lai ket qua tot cho viec day hpc mdn GDCD
Trong do, PPTLN ket hop vdi cac KTDH la mpttrong
cac each phdl hgp ed hieu qua tot Sau day ia mdt so
hinh thu'c phd'i hgp giua PPTLN vdl eac KTDH cdthe
apdung nham nang cao hieu qua day hpc mdn GDCD
dtn/dng THPT
1 Thao tuan nhom ket hgp vdi kTthuat "Khan
traiban" Khiday hgc mdn GDCD, vdi viec phd'i hgp
nay, GV se d l dang danh gia dugc tung thanh vien
m^t Oanh gia kha nang lam viec cua nhdm, dae biel
lavemathinh tht/c KTthuat khan trai ban la kTthuat de
to' chiJrc hoat ddng hgc tap mang tinh kel hgp giua
hoatdong canhan va hoatdgng nhdm Khithuc hien,
GV chia HS thanh cac nhdm va phat giay AO eho eac
nhdm hudng dan each lam viee cho HS GVyeu cau thdi gian chuan bj eac chiJ de, cac ndi dung Quy dinh cy the ve thaidd, kl luat gid hpe Chia giay AO thanh phan chinh giua va phan xung quanh (vi dy nhdm 4 ngudi hoae 6 nguc^) Mdl ngudi ngoi vao vi tri tuong ung vdi phan xung quanh Ca nhan HS tap tmng vao cau hdl, chu de, viet cau tra Idi hoae glai phap cua minh vao phan xung quanh (moi ea nhan lam viec ddc lap trong vai phut va vie't vao phan giay cua minh) Nhdm thao luan va ghi y kien thdng nhat cua nhdm vao chinh gida Nhdm tn/dng bao cao Cac nhdm nhan xel, bo sung GV nhan xel, kel luan
Vi dy bal 5: Phuang thdc van ddng phat trien cua suvat hien tuang{GDCD^O) Van decan thao luan la: "Em hay neu khii niem vin dqng? cic hinh thdc eua van ddnf Budc 1, GV ehia Idp thanh 3 nhdm, cac nhdm ciJng tim hieu van de tren Bude 2, GV
giao nhiem vu, quy dinh thdi gian HS nhan nhiem
vy ve npi dung thao luan va eac dung cy can thiet
eua nhdm Budc 3, cac ca nhan cua mdl nhdm tu
dpc, lim hieu SGK lam viec ca nhan vao phan gia'y
cija minh Id AO Budc 4, nhdm thao luan thuki eua
nhdm ghi y kien thd'ng nhat cua ca nhdm vao khoang
giu'a eua td AO phan ma nhdm can lim hieu Budc 5,
cac nhdm bao cao kel qua eua nhdm Cac nhdm
khac tranh luan, bo sung Budc6,G^ nhan xet, ket
luan va ghi chep bai hgc
2 T I N ket hop vdi kTthuat "Manh ghep": vdi
each phd'i hop nay, viee tirn^ hieu kien thtic cua bal hgc duge ehia lam hai vdng 6 vdng 1, hoat dgng theo nhdm 3 ngUdi, mdi nhdm duoe giao mpt nhiem vy (nhiem vu la nhiJng don vi kien thue ma HS se phai tim hieu) GV phai dam bao cac thanh vien lron_3 nhdm tra ldi dugc tat ca cac cau hdi dugc giao Mdi thanh vien trong nhdm phai trinh bay tat ea eae eau hoi ma nhiem vu eua nhdm phai hoan thanh 0 vdng 2, hinh thanh cac nhdm, mdl nhdm ba ngudi mdi(1 ngudi tu nhdm 1;1 ngudi tdnhdm 2; 1 ngudi tt/nhdm 3) Cae cau tra kji va Ihdng tin cija vdng 1 dugc cac thanh vien
* Tnntng THPT Thirc ngtiiem, Vien Khoa hoc giao due Viet Nam
Tap chi Gido due so 305 37
Trang 2duge giao eho nhdm vua thanh lap de giai quyet Ldi
giai duge ghi rd tren bang, hoae G V cho ro dap an
V i d u bai7 (tiet 1, GDCD 10) 6 v d n g 1: Viec 1
GV giao nhiem vy cho HS tutiet hpc tuan trudc: Ve
nha dgc tmdc Bai 7: Thuc tien vaitro cua thi/c tien vdi
nhin //Ji/c (trong liet 1, HS chu ycac van de nhu: eae
quan diem ve nhan lhi>e? cae giai doan cua qua
trinh nhan tht/c? Khai niem ve nhan thue? So sanh
cac quan diem ve nhan thuc ma em da llm hieu,
neu rd quan diem nao theo em la dung dan phu hop
vdl thuc tien vaduoe khoa hoe ehung minh) Viec 2:
GV chia Idp thanh 3 nhdm theo ba day ban GV ehia
nhdm (theo hudng dan ctja vdng 1) Viec 5.-Giao
nhiem vy true tiep tren Idp, thdi gian thao ludn Nhdm
1 (tim hieu cac quan diem ve nhan thtic) Nhdm 2
(tim hieu hai giai doan eua nhan thu'c) Nhdm 3 (tim
hieu ve khai niem nhan thiic Thdi gian thao luan 7
phut) Viec 4:Tien hanh thao luan va bao eao Viec
5: GV nhan xet tiJtig nhdm va dua ra ket luan(khi
mdi nhdm bao cao xong GV phal nhan xet va dua ra
dap an ngay) 6 vdng 2: Viec 1: chia nhdm theo
each thtic cua suket hgp TLN va kTthuat manh ghep
da trinh bay dtren V/ec2.'GVdUa nhiem vu ehung
cho ca 3 nhdm: "Em cho biel trong cac quan diem
venhan thuc ketren quan diem nao c o c o so khoa
hgc dugc thuc tidn chdng minh? Hay neu khai niem
ve nhan thtic? Em hay cho vi du cy the" Viec3:Cac
nhdm trao dd'i, thao luan, lien lac vdi nhdm khac, lien
lac vcri GV Viec 4: Cae nhdm lan lugt nop ketqua
hoae dan ket qua len bang Viec 5: GV dua dap an
va dd'i chieu ket qua eua GV vdi ket qua cua eac
nhdm, nhan xetdanh gia, ket luan npidung
3 TLN ket hgrp kTthuat "Qua bdng tuyet" KT
thuat "Qua bdng tuyef la mot hinh thtic day hpe trong
dd GV ehia kjp thanh cae nhdm thao luan, sau khi
thao luan xong HS ghi ket qua xud'ng giay roi luan
chuyen ket qua dd decac nhdm khae thao luan va bo
sung Vay trong qua trinh thuc hien su ket hgp nay,
GV cdthe chia cac viec cy the cho cac nhdm hpc tap
nhu sau: Viec 1, GV chia nhdm Irong ldp GV giao
nhiem vy cho cac nhdm ve cac npi dung kien thtic can
tim hieu GV phat giay A4 hoae gia'y A3 va eac do
dung, dyng ey hpc tap cd lien quan de'n bai hpe G V
quy dinh thdi gian thao luan l//ec2,HS nhan nhiem
vu, nhan dung cy, tu lieu hgc tap, ve nhdm cua minh
Viec3, Cac nhdm thao luan, trao ddi, lien lac vdi nhdm
khac, lien lae vdi G V Viec 4, Cac nhdm lan lugt luan
ehuyen,thaoluan,bosung ketqua (Ketquacua nhdm
1 duoe chuyen cho nhdm 2 Ket qua eija nhdm 2
38 Tap chi Gido due so 305
chuyen eho nhdm 1) Viec 5, QV xem ket qua thao
luan eua cac nhdm G V nhan xet dUa dap an HS ling nghe, ghi chep hoae nhan ndi dung dap an tiiGV Tuy nhien.trongquatrinh thuc hien, HS cae nhdm cau luu y; 1) Cac nhdm dpe ket qua eua nhdm kia va
bo sung them ykien eua nhdm minh Sau 5 phut lai tiep tuc chuyen nhu vay eho den khi mdi nhdm deu dpe du, hoan thien npi dung bai hpc va ghi vao "qua bdng tuyef; 2) Khi cac nhdm lan lugt luan chuyen phal ed Ihdi gian eu the eho lung nhdm va thdi gian eua ca mdt vdng luan chuyen tti nhdm 1 de'n nhdm cudi cLing, lam nhu vay de tranh eae em ndi chuyen, lam viec neng ma khdng tap tmng vao nhiem vu chinh cua minh; 3} Van de thao luan cd the theo trinh tu logic tting don vi kien thiie trong bai nhung cung cd the lua ehpn ehu de thao luan la nhung ngi dung co ban, trong tarn, la nhung tinh hud'ng cdvan de trong eupe sd'ng
Vi du: Bai 1 (GDCD 10), sau khichia ldp thanh 3
nhdm, GV giao nhiem vu cho tung nhdm Nhdm 1:
neu quan diem ve PP luan sieu hinh? Cho vi dy}
Nhdm 2 neu quan diem ve PP luan blen ehung? Cho
vi dy? Nhdm 3: tif viec tim hieu cac quan diem PP
luan sieu hinh va PP luan bien ehung hay thao lu?n
de ehl ra yeu td'sleu hinh trong tnjyen ngu ngdn (Thay bdi xem voi}'? Can phai nhin suvat nhu the nao de
khdng sieu hinh nhu nam thay bdi trong tmyen nay? Cac nhdm lan lugt luan ehuyen, thao lu^n, bd'sung ketqua (Ketqua cua nhdm 1 dugc chuyen cho nhdm
2 Ket quaeua nhdm 2 dugc ehuyen cho nhdm 3 Ket quacija nhdm 3 duge ehuyen eho nhdm 1) GV xem ket qua thao luan cua cae nhdm GV nhan xet dua dap an HS iang nghe, ghi chep hoae nhan ndi dung dapantuGV
4 TLN ket hgp v o l kTthuat dung "Phieu hpc tap" (PHT) Sudung "PHT" la mdl KTDH dadugc GV
su dyng d ta't ca cae mdn hgc trong dd cd ca mon GDCD hien nay PHT khi dugc Ihuc hien trong day hpc nd cd ndi dung hudng dan HS vdi eac kien thiic
m a m Inh se tim hieu trong bai hpc cy I h l Khi hgc t^p bang PHT, yeu eau thtji gian de hoan thanh phieu bai
tap cd the trong mdt thdi gian ngan tai \dp hoae cung
ed the HS duge lam o nha tmdc mdi bai hgc
De lam tot edng viec nay, ddi hdi GV phai ki cdng thiet ke Mdt PHT cdthebieu hien toan bdrididung hpe tap cung ed the chi the hien tting phan kien tht/c h o ^ dung phieu ba tap de cting co bai hoc, ren luyen kien
(Xem tiep trang 60}
Trang 3tti phan nghe; biet viet eau, doan van hay mpt cudc
hdi thoai tti nhiing gi dupc nghe trong tiai thi Ben
canh dd, GV cung can tim hieu ve nhung thach thiic,
khdkhan maSV dd'i mattrong tCmg phan baithi nghe
Thanh cdng trong day hpc ngdn ngii ndi ehung
va trong day hpc KN nghe hieu TOEIC ndl rieng ddi
hdi su nd lue eua ca ngudi day va ngudi hpc: G V can
tao ra nhieu hoat dpng - tti cap dp ngdn ngii den cac
hoat ddng luyen tap va dua ra eac "chien lupc" lam bai
giup ngudi hpc viia hpc dupe kien thuc ngdn ngu lai
vtia nang cao diem bai thi; S V can dupc hudng dan va
tham gia vao eae hoatdpng khac nhau dua vao nhung
nang lijc va nhan thiie cija ban than.Q
CD O'Malley J.M - A.U Chamol - L KQpper
Listening Comprehension Strategies in Second
Language Acquisition' Applied Linguistics 10:
418-37 1989
University Press 2001
O) Trew, Grant Tactics for TOEIC ® listening and
reading tests Oxford University Press 2008
Tai lieu tham Idiao
1 Ellis R Task-based language learning and
teaching Oxford Universiiy Press 2003
3 Field, J "Skills and strategies: towards a new
methodology for listening" ELT Journal, 52,
110-118 1998
SUMMARY
With the aim of enhancing students'Engbsb pro-ficiency, the application TOEIC as a component of tertiaiy-level EFL exit requirements has becomepopu-larin many universiUes in Vietnam However, listen-ing comprehension is considered the most challeng-ing skill in teachchalleng-ing English in one TOEIC-orlented curriculum The goal of this paper ts to offer teach-ers some activities dealing with how to teach the prepare students for success
Ptiirong phap tliao luan nhom
(Tiep theo trang 38)
thiic, kT nang hpc tap cho HS Khi tien hanh day hpe,
each th let kephieu hpc tap eua tting bai hpc lay do day
hpc cua G V trong timg ehuonp, tiing bai eu the
Trong quatrinh day hpc bSng TLN, viec thao luan
cua HS mat nhieu thdi gian vi cac nhdm phai thao
luan, bao cao, tranh luan giiia cae nhdm Mae du GV
da an djnh ve thdi gian thao luan va thdi gian bao cao
nhung tren thi/e tebao gid cijng cdnhieu tinh hud'ng
phat sinh nen qua thdi gian quy djnh (tiet hpe chl ed
45 phut) Thdng thudng, khi eac tiet hpe ed ap dung
PPTLN GV thudng "chay giao an" - day eung la mdt
han che Idn cija TLN trong day hpc De khac phyc
han che tren, GV nen ket luan van de vao PHT va
phat cho HS Cac van de trong phieu la cac npi dung
cd ban cua bai hpc ma cac em phal hieu dupe sau
mdt tiet hpc hoSc mpt bai hpc cu the nao dd Hoae
PHT dupc GV thiet ke nhSm cung co bai hpc hoae
kh^c sau k i ^ thiic hay nang cao kien thtic cho cac
dd'i tupng hpc sinh trong Idp Viec StJ'dung PHT khoa
hpc se 1^ bien phap dem lai hieu qua tich cue nhat
trong gid hoc cd TLN Nhu vay, PHT dupc diJng khi
day hpc b5ng TLN se khae phuc dupc nhimg han ehe
vethcSgian cda PP nay deGV va HS tap tamg lam rd
eac van de cua bai hpc
Tdm lai, deviec day cija G V va hpc cua HS dat ket
qua tot nhat, mdi GV phai linh hoat, sang tao trong
60 Tap chi Gido due so 305
viec ap dung PPDH PPTLN la PPDH tich cue, phat huy tinh chu ddng, sang t?o, nSng luc hpp tac, lam viec theo nhdm cua HS Do vay, vi^c si) dung TLN trong day hpc va ket ht;^ giiia TLN vdi cac KTDH la can thiet trong qua trinh day hpc hien nay d nudc ta
Tai lieu tham khao
1 B6 GD-DT Gido due cdng dSn Idp 10 NXB Gido
dtic H 2006
2 D^ng Thknh Hung Day hQC hj^n dai: Li lu^n •
Bien phdp - Ki thudt NXB D^i hpc qudc gia, H 2002
3 Phan Trong Ngp Dgy hpc \i phuong phdp dgy
hoc trong nhd trurnig NXB D(ii hpc suphpm Hd Ndi,
2005
SUMMARY
The group discussion method is a positive teach-ing method It promotes students can take the initia-tive, creativity, co-operating and working In a group However, if we want teaching the group discussion method have good result, both of teachet^ and stu-ers, when teachers teach in the class, they have to understand and sure about amount of knowledge processes of the scientific discussion aiongwith the teaching art The second Is role ofstudents each of students must keep the requirements of the teach-ers In particular, teachteach-ers need combine between the group discussion, teaching method and the teach-ing techniques In a flexible way it makes teachteach-ing with the group discussion method become success