DAY VA HOC TICK CUE DIEM M A U CHfiT THANH CONG TRDNG THUG HIEN DAO TAO THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI ThS H O A N G XUAN NGHIEM* Thuc hien Id trinh vaquy djnh ctia Bp Giaodue va Dao tao da so cae co sd giao du[.]
Trang 1DAY VA HOC TICK CUE - DIEM M A U CHfiT THANH CONG TRDNG THUG HIEN
DAO TAO THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI
ThS H O A N G X U A N N G H I E M *
Thuc hien Id trinh vaquy djnh ctia Bp Giaodue
va Dao tao da so cae co sd giao due dai hpc
(trudng cao dang va dgi hpc) da chuye'n ttidao
lao theo nien che hge phan sang dao tao theo hge
che tin chi (HCTC) Dao lao theo HCTC la phuong
thi/c dao tao lien lien, ddi hoi sudd'i mdi phuong phap
day hpe (PPDH), tti tiep can ndi dung sang tiep can
phuong phap hgc ciia smh vien (SV) Cd nhieu each
tid'p can khac nhau ve dd'i mdi PPDH eho phu hop
dao tgo theo HCTC trong dd day vi hge tieh cue
(DVHTC) la diem mau chdt thinh cong trong thue
hien dio tao theo HC TC
1 Van d e n h a n thuc
1} Tinh tieh cue 'Tich cue" la cd y nghla, cd tac
diinglhtje day suphat trien; tdra chti dpng, ed nhiing
hoat ddng nh^m taora subien doi theo hudng phat
trien hoae dem helkhanang vatam tri delam viee
Tinh tich cue la mdt pham chait ciia con ngudi
trong ddi song xa hdi Mot trong nhiJng nhiem vu chti
yeu ctia giao due va dao tao la hinh thanh tinh tich
ct/c trong hge tap nham dao tao nhung con ngudi
nang dpng, tich ci/c tugiae, sang tao Ihich ting, gdp
phan phattrien xa hpi Oong thdi, tinh tieh cue cdn la
dieu kien, la ket qua ciia suphat trien nhan each ngud^
hpc trong qua trinh giao due
2) Tich CI/C hgc tap Tich eye hpe tap la nhung gi
dien ra ben trong ngudi hoc, la dpng co hpc tap, hung
thti hpc tap, su tugiae va tinh sang lao trong hpc lap
Tich cue hpc tap nh^m bien ngudi hge Iti dd'i tut;ffig
tiep nhan ndi dung tri thtic sang tiep nhan phuong
phap hpc tap, tti dd cd y thtic chii dpng tim kiem tri
thiic, nang cao hieu qua hpc tap
Quan trpng hon, tich ci/c hpc tap cd lien quan td^
tuduy ddc lap.Oay la mdt trong nhOng kieu tuduy rat
c i n thiet de hinh thanh tinh chu ddng, tt/ giac tht/c
hien tot cac nhiem vu hpc tap dugc giao va s i n sang
chia se, tham gia cting cac ban trong qua trinh hge
tSpnhdm, hoatdpng thuchanh, lam thinghlem,trinh
bay vjin de theo each hieu cua minh cua ngudi hge
3) DVHTC - D V H T C la PPDH nh^m tieh cue
hda hoat ddng hpc lap cua ngudi hpc, trong dd phat
trien tinh sang tao la eo ban Cac hoat ddng hpc lap duge ngudi day to' chiie va dinh hudng Ngudi hpc khdng thy ddng, chd dpi tiep nhan ma tugiae tieh cue tham gia vao qua trinh lim kiem, kham pha, phat hien kien thtic va dieu quan trong la van dyng kien thtic da ITnh hdl vao giai quyet eae van de thuc tiln mdt each sang tao
"DVHTC" dem lai cho ngudi hgc hiing thii, niem VUI trong hoc tap, phti hgp vdl tinh each ua hoat ddng ciia ngudi hoc ndi ehung, tre em ndi rieng Viec hpc da trdthanh niem vui, niem hanh phtic se gliip cac em tich cue, chti ddng, sang tao va say me ddc lap kham pha, tijfdd phuong phap hpc se hinh thanh trong cac
em Dieu dd rat can (edn gpi la maiu chd't) trong dao lao theo HCTC
2 Cac dau hieu dae trung cua DVHTC
1}DVHTC quan tam den khau thietkebaiday cua ngudiday Trong PPDH dol mdi ndi ehung day
hpc theo HCTC ndi rieng, ngudi thay xua't hien tren bue giang chi vdi vai trd la ngudi td'chiic, hudng d i n dinh hudng cho ngudi hpc Oe cdthelht/c hien tot vai trd ctia minh, ngudi Ihay b^l bude phai cd qua trinh nghien ctiu sau tai lieu va dd'i luong liep thu kien thtic {ngudi dang can ca kien thiic vaphuong phap hpe tap mdi) T i i d d , ngudi day thietke bai day theo hudng to' ehiic, hd trg ngudi hpe tu giac, ehu dgng kham pha, llm hieu, Unh hdl kien thiie mdl each lich cue
Dol mdi PPDH theo hutifng tieh eye hda ngudi hpc, dae biet la dao tao theo HCTC b i t budc ngudi thay phai ludn ludn sang tao trong thiet kebai hpedengudi hpe khdng cam tha'y nham chan Ngudiday phai cdng khaichuongtrinh.cdng khai de euong chitiet dengudi hge n^m bat va lua chgn Cd the ndi: thiet ke bai day mgt each khoa hpc va sang lao da dam bao thi/c hien thanh cdng 50% myc dich gid hpe
2) DVHTC quan tam den khiu to cht/c cac hoat dgng cua ngudn hgc va ren luyen phucmg phap tuhge Trong DVHTC can ren eho ngudi hpc
phuong phap tuhpc Bdi, thdi quen, phUdng phap va
' PiMwe Quan ll M H H hoc & Qiian he quoc te, Tnfohg Cao dang S(M L3
Tap chi Gido dye so 305 z\
Trang 2mem tin, susang lao trong kham pha tri thtic, l i i d d
nang cao kel qua hpc tap ciia cac em
Mpttrong nhung yeu cau cua DVHTC la khuye'n
khich ngudi hpc tu kham pha nhung dieu chua biet
tren co sd nht/ng tiieu da biet True tiep tham gia vao
qua trinh hgc lap, ngudi hpc dugc dat vao nhimg tinh
hudng cd vain de, bat budc phai ddng nao, phai quan
sat, thao luan, trao doi, thuc hanh, thi nghiem va
dua ra y kien ea nhan minh trude nhung gi dang xay
ra trong quatrinh nghe thay va thuc hien eac thao tac
kham pha,
Mdl lan dua ra duge ehinh kien ctia ban than, duoc
ban be ngudi day khieh le, ngudi hgc se them ti/tin dl
vao cac kham phamdi Nhu vay, viec td'chiic eac hoat
dpng hpc tap se trdthanh trung tam cila quatrinh day
hgc theo HCTC Ngudi day can biet lap ke hoach day
hgc sao eho qua trinh day hpc la chudi cae hoat ddng
hudng d i n ngudi hpc phat trien cac nang lue can thie't
trong va ngoai nha tn/dng, trong eudc sdng hien tai
cung nhutuong lai
3) DVHTC quan tam den boat dgng hge tap
dgc iap va su hgp tac trong nhdm hgc tap cua
ngudihoc De ngudi hpc cd co hpi bde Id kha nang
hgc tap ddc lap va phat trie'n kha nang ban than, thie't
kebai day can quan tam dua ngutirt hpc vao trong cac
md'i quan hp ngucri day vdi ngudi hgc, ngudi hpc vdl
ngudi hpe Trong md'i quan he luong tac dd, ngucri
hgc khdng chi hgc qua ngudi day ma edn hgc duge
nhieu tti chinh ban hpe cua minh Su chia se kmh
nghiem l l n nhau sekich thich tinh tieh cue, chu ddng
va sang tao ctia mdi ca nhan
Trong DVHTC, ngut^ day can quan tam de'n viee
khao sat, danh gia trinh dp nhan thiic, kha nang tham
gia eac hpat ddng ciia mdi canhan trong mdl Ic^ hgc,
tren co sd dd xay dung cac nhiem vu hoae bai tap d
nhiing mtic dp khac nhau, phu hdp vdi kha nang timg
ngudi hgc Dong thdi de hpc t?p Iheo hudng hgp tac
cd hieu qua ngudi day can quan tam hinh thanh cho
ngudi hgc thdi quen tu giae, tdn trpng, giiJp dd ISn
nhau Nhiem vu giao cho nhdm, giao cho tting ca
nhan phai ro rang Mdi thanh vien trong nhdm deu
dugc phan cdng dam nhiem mpt nhiem vy phu hgp
kha nang, soln/dng Suphan cdng ay cung phai ludn
Ihay doi qua mdi gid hgc, mdi mdn hpc nhim kiem
soat linh tugiac ctia ngudi hgc
4} D VH TC quan tam den kit hgp dinh gia cua
ngudiday vatudanh giaeua ngudihoc Jiidanh
gia la qua trinh ngudi hoc it/ lien he cac nhiem vu da
thuc hien vdi muc (Jieh cua qua trinh hpc tap de thaiy
32 Tap chi Gido due so 305
chua Ket hgp vdi viee danh gia cua ngudi day ngudi hgc se hpc each danh gia, each tudanh gia ban than
de phat hien nhiing diem can thay ddi nh§m hoan thien minh, Tudanh gia khdng don thuan la lu minh eho diem so cac hoat ddng ma la danh gia ca qua trinh phan dau, hoc tap, qua trinh tu ren luyen, sund li/c de ed ket qua hge tap eao hon
Trong day hge tich cue va trong dao tao theo HCTC, viec danh gia ket hgp giua ngudi day va ngudi hoc khdng chi nham danh gia tht/c Irang de dieu chinh qua trinh hge lap cua ngudi hpe ma dong thdi tao eo hdi va dieu kien de ngudi day dieu chinh eae hoat dgng' thiel ke bai day, td'chiic, co vain cho ngudi hgc
Day va hgc tfieo nien ehe hpc phan, cac bai tap ve nhatn/dng chidon thuan khuyen khich ngudihoc ghi nhd kien thiic Day hgc theo tin chl vaday hge tich cyc khuye'n khieh ngucri hpc van dung kien thtic da Hep thu vao dieu kien Ihuc ledephuc vy cac hoat dpng tai gia dinh, cpng dong mdt each sang tao
3 DVHTC trong dao tao theo HCTC DVHTC ndi ehung, trong dao lao theo HCTC noi rieng la qua trinh hutmg tdi ngudi hpc, nham thiA; hi^n cdhieu quacac tnj cdtcua giao due la;/?pcrfe6A^;/)oc
delam; hqc de Chung saig; hqc de lam ngUi^.DVHTC
trong dao tao theo HCTC cdn gdp phan gitip ngudi
hpe thuc hien triet li hqc suot ddi Oe thuc hien dupc
myc tieu dd cd le, day va hpe trong dao tao theo HCTC can:
1) Mem deo trong toehue dao tao Tinh mwn
deo trong HCTC la tang cudng tinh chu dpng,sang lao cho SV trong hoat ddng hpc tap; gliip SV hinh thanh ki nang hpc tap va lam viec Vdlmue dich tren, HCTC da taora mdt hgc chemem deo,linh hoat hudng veSVde tang cudng tinh chu dpng va kha nang sang tao cOa
SV vatao ra nhiing san pham cdtinh thich ungcaovtjl lhi tn/cng lao dpng trong nude
Oao tao lin ehi ddi hoi SV phai ed tinh tu giac cao trong viec tu hgc, tu nghien cuu, biel each ehu dpng khai thae sudyng hieu qua eac nguon tai lieu de trd thanh con ngudi tri Ihiie • nguon luc quan trpng va la nguon lai nguyen vd tan cua mpi qud'c gia
2) Linh hoat tong xac dinh phuong thuc hqc tap cho ngudi hge Phuong thiic hpc lap trong dao
tao theo HCTC thtjie ehai la lay hoat ddnghgc lam yai td'chij ye'u, hoat ddng day la de hudng d i n hogt dpng hpe, tao dieu kien, mdl tn/dng cho ngudi hpc tutich luy
Trang 3hpc, cd nghTa la ngudi hoc "tuddng gdr kien thiic eho
minh dudi suhudng d i n cua giao vien Vi vay, tu hpe
dugc coi la mdt thanh phan b i t bude trong dao tao
theo HCTC
Vain de dat ra d day la tinh tu giac, lich cue, chu
ddng, y thi/c l u hoc cua SV cdn ye'u, nha't la SV
trong nam dau cdn chua thich ting vdi each hpc d
mdi trudng dai hoc, cao dang Bdi hoc d trudng dai
hgc, cao dang la "hgc each hge" nen giang vien
can trang bi cho cac em nhiing "cdng cu", "each"
de eae em^cd the lam viec Irong mdi trudng dai
hgc, cao dang, dae biel thich ung vdl phuong thtic
dao tao theo HCTC
Tuynhien,phalphan dinh ra miic ddphu hgp vdi
viec tu hpe ctia S V cac nam Vdi S V nam dau, giang
vien quan tam hudng d i n tan tinh cac em "each tu
hoc" b i n g each: chu ddng giao npi dung lu hoc cho
SV, khi giao phai cd su hudng d i n va giam sal hieu
qua Giang vien nen ap dyng cac kTthuat trong viec
hutimg dan lu hge cho SV (xay dung phieu tu hpc;
phieu hudng d I n S V jien he Ihuc le; tao ra ban do tu
duy), Ngoai ra, can to' chtic cho S V ndi va lam nhieu
trong qua trinh hpc tap
3) Tht/c hi^n tot phuang an do) mdi phuang
pAip day ra Ape Trong bat Cli nen giao dye nao, 0
Ihdi dai nao, viec dd'i mdi PPDH ciing ludn ludn dugc
dat ra va ddi hdl phai 6uqc danh mdt thdi lugng thda
dang trong trien khai thuc hien va glam sat, danh gia
Tmdc hel dd'i vdl giang vien, can thietke npi dung
bai giang ctia minh theo ti/ng van de trgng tam, cd
su lien kel logic, khdng nen giang day theo tting
chuong muc Sau dd, phai djnh hudng dugc nhung
npi dung can nha'n manh trong giang day vaphan
de SV l u hpc Cy the: - Ndi dung giang vien phan
tich, giang giai ehiem khoang 40% trong mdt van de
giang day; - Ndi dung SV thao luan ngay tren Idp
dudi si/hudng dan eua giang vien chiem 60% trong
mptvan de giang day
Cac de xuat tren day n h l m tang cutjng kha nang
thich ung ciia ngudi dayva ngudi hpe dd'i vdl eac hoat
ddng trong dao tao theo HCTC dorig thdi la nht/ng
yeu eau khdng the thieu va cap thie't trong cac nha
trudng Ngudi day va ngui^ hpc cang sdm thich iing
vdi cac hoat dgng trong day hgc theo HCTC thi chat
lui?ng dao tgo cang nhanh chdng dugc khang dinh va
nang cac Va ehl khi dd, linh uu viet ciia dao tao theo
HCTC mdi dugc khang djnh trong eae cdsogiao due
dgi hgc •
I Chl Ihl 40-CT/TW ngay 15/6/2004 cua Ban Bi ihu
vd xay dimg nang cao chai luong doi ngu nh& giao
va can h<> quan ii
2 Quy^i dinh stf 09/20n5/0D-TTg ngay 11/01/2005
vg viec phe duyfil De an "Xa) dijng, nang cao cao chai liTong d6i ngfl nha giao \a can bp quan Ii
?> Quyt?l djnh 4.V2007/QD-BGDDT ngay 15/8/2007
\k vific ban hanh Quy ch^ dao tao iheo hoc che lin chi
4 Dgy vd hoc tich cue Tai heu cua Dir an Vifit - Bi
phSn II xuSl han nam 2010
5 Kiy^uhOinghi khoa hi)c So ket cdng tdc in^n khai
ddo lao iheo hpc ch^ tin chi irong ndm hpc
2011-2012 Trircrng Cao ddng Scrn La
6 Pligm Minh Hung "Mfii.so'giai phap nang cao kha nang thich iing vol hoai dfing d<iy hgc ciia giang vifin
va sinh vifin Irnng dan tao theo he ihtfng tin chi" Tap
chi Gido duc, nCi244l20\{)
SUMMARY
Dynamic leaching demands the teachers to de-sign lesson plans attentively and thoroughly so that the learners have opportunities lo self- study, look study and life Moreover, dynamic teaching asks the teachers to search for knowledge on their own crea-cessful hints of the credit-teaching method - the modem training scale which is used in all our coun-try's university- education centres
Mpt so van Oe ve day ligc
(Tiep Iheo trang 41)
5 NguySn Minh Thuy^l (chu bifin) Tieng Viet ldp 4
NXBGidodiic VielNam, H.2012
6 Nguyfin Minh Thuyfi'l (chO bifin) Tteng Viet ldp S
NXB Gido due Viel Nam H 2012
7 Nguyfin Tri Mot so van de day hpc tieng Viet theo
quan diem giao tiep & tieu hpc NXB Gido due Viet
Nam.H 2009
SUMMARY
Beginning in ihe 40"' decate of the XX century, communicative approach becomes an essential di-recUon In language teaching/learning globally, it has gradually expanded into language acquislUon and lin-gual-cultural interaction "Word" and Sentence'are fascinating and experiential factors In communica-tion Discussing some Issues of Tcachmg 'words' and 'sentence' in a Communicative Approach at the linguistical theories and outlines of teaching these language units, we Initially offer the basic direcUons for development of language-users' skills and competences
Tap chi Gido dye so 305 33