mOT 50 DHRG BHI THP RCH LUVCH THRO TflC LHP LUnn TRORG LHffl URR RGRj LORR [CHOOfRG TRJRH IIBIfliailU] TtiS P H A M KI^U ANH Trong mdn Nguvan, phan mdn Lam ran(LV) mang tinh thue hanh 6 tiet LV, bai t[.]
Trang 1mOT 50 DHRG BHI THP RCH LUVCH THRO TflC LHP LUnn
TRORG LHffl URR RGRj LORR [CHOOfRG TRJRH IIBIfliailU]
TtiS P H A M KI^U A N H
Trong mdn Nguvan, phan mdn Lam ran(LV)
mang tinh thue hanh 6 tiet LV, bai tap (BT)
chinh la "bd cong cu" quan trgig, giup giao vien
(GV) bd mdn cd dieu kien dmh hudng eac ngi dung
can luyen tap thuc hanh Bdi vay, BT thuc hanh rat
can thiet trong viec thuc hien cae nhiem vu day hpc
phan mdn LV dtrudng phd'thdng
Trong chuang Irinh N g i i van (NV) 11, cae tfiao
tae lap luin (TTLL) ducfc trien khai thanh mdt he
thdng.Od la nhdng ngidung li thuyet kTnang cdvai
trd quan trong ddi vdi viec ren luyen lap luan cung
nhu van dung vao qua trinh tao lap van ban nghi
luan cua hpc sinh (HS) Bai viet nay tap trung gidi
thieu mgt so dang BT thudng dupc su dung trong
luyen tap thue hanh cho HS
1 Vai tro GIB BT trong gidthuc hanh LV nghi luan
Trong thuc hanh LV, BT tn/dc het la nhiing "mdi
tn/dng giao tiep" cu the va mdi dang BT thuc hanh
LV deu gan lien vdi mgt ndi dung giao tiep Ndi dung
a y c h i d u p e l u d n g minh hda"trong mgt hoan canh,
vdl mpt dd'i tupng va hudng \a\ mdt muc dich cu the
Cac BT nay chinh la co sd de GV tao ra cac mdi
tn/dng giao tiep cu the, tao dieu kien de HS the hien
nang lue nhan thiic, kT nang cung nhu thai do hpc
tap cua ban than
Ben canh dd, cac BT thuc hanh LV con la
nhung cdng cy thiet thuc giiip GV hudng d i n HS
cung CO nhiing kien thiic, kTnang LV ma cac em
da dupc hpc trong cac gid li thuyet Thdng qua
cac hoat dpng cua tu duy (nhu phan tich, chiing
minh, phan doan, khai quat, tong hop}, HS viia
hieu sau^hon cae kien thiic khoa hgc trong nhung
"san pham" cu the, vda cd ea hdl iing dung nhung
npi dung da hpc vao giai quyet van de thuc tien
Cd the ndi, vdi cac BT thue hanh khac nhau, HS
thuc su duae "tu bien" nhimg "cai dacd, ben trong"
de doc lap, lu chu giai quyet cac van de T i i dd,
G V cd dieu kien de danh gia nang lue nhan thuc
cua HS mpt each khach quan; hieu them con
ngudi, suy nghT thai dp ctia HS trudc nhiing van
de cua cudc sd'ng; phat trien tu duy, de tudng
tupng, tinh dpc lap trong suy luan, hinh thanh y
321 Tap chi Gido due so 304
thiic nghiem tuc, khoa hpc trong hpc tap d cac em _ Mat khac, he t h m g BT thue hanh edn la cau noi
gin ket GV va HS - ctf sd de tao ra nhung khdng
gian hoe tap than thien kieh thieh su hiffig thu, say
me trong hoc tap ddi vdi ngudi hge
2 Mpt so dang BT ren luyen TTLL
1)BTnhan dien BT eho s5n noi dung ngu lieu
(NL) va yeu cau HS phan tich de tim ra nhung bieu hien ve dae diem cua TTLL hay each thuc hien TTLL trong NL ay BT thudng dupc ap dung ngay trong phan thuc hanh sau khi day li thuyet ve cac TTLL Thdng qua BT nhan dien, GV se danh gia duoc miic
dp nam kien thdc cua HS, qua dd cung cd' eac tri thuc hoae dieu ehinh nhung sai lech trong nhan thiic cua cac em ve TTLL ay
Chang han, sau khi day cho HS ve TTLL binh
luan, SGK NV11 da ra BT 2 vdi yeu ciu:"Ooan trich
sau dayed sudung TTLL binh luan khong? Can cd vao dau de anh (chi) ed the k^t luan la co (hoae khdng)?''va neu ndi dunq NL De tra Idi dupe yeu
cau cua de bai, HS can n i m vung nhung kien thiic cung nhu dae diem ciia TTLL binh luan Khi Sli dyng BT nay, G V cd the lay NL theo SGK hoae tli ben ngoai Tuy nhien, cac NL lay tii ben ngoai SGK phai dam bao tinh lieu bleu, rd rang va the hien
rd dae tning cua viec su dyng TTLL can thuc hien
2) BTso sanh, doi chieu BT neu ra nhiJng NL
ed the an chiia cac hinh thdc the hien TTLL hoae cd suddi chieu vendi dung y nghTa Tii nhiing NL,GV yeu eau HS phan tieh detim ra sutuong dong va khae biet giua Chung
Chang han, sau khi day eho HS ve TTLL so sanh, delo chuc thuc hanh "nhan dien" suso sanh,
NV 11 da dua ra BT vdi yeu cau: "Hay so sanh ngon
nguthaHoXuan Hucfng va ngon ngdthaBa Huyen Thanh Quan qua hai bai tha Tutinh (bail) va Chieu hdm nhdnha' BT nay nhim muc dich kiem tra nhan
thiic cua HS d rniic van dung nhung npi dung da hpc,
da biet de kham pha va lim ra bieu hien cua nhiing kien thiic trong cac NL cu the Do BT so sanh, ddi
* Khoa Ngir vaa, TrtfUS B^' ^^ ^ P^"> "^ "^i ^
Trang 2cac TTLL hay khi hucffig d i n HS each thiie ket hop
eae TTLL, nen khi lua chgn, GV can luu y NL dupc
chgn phai cd su tuang dong vdi nhau ve mat kien
thiic (tlie la he thd'ng cae TTLL duoc sudyng) hoae
ve ndi dung van de Qua dd, GV hudng dan HS phan
tich de tim ra su tuang dong va khac biet trong tiing
NL, rut ra nhung ket luan ve su cam nhan cua mdi
ca nhan HS
3) BT phat hien, sua ldi Trong gid thuc hanh,
GV bg mdn can to' chiic cho HS phan tich de phat
hien ra sii sai sdt trong each van dung va the hien cae
TTLL Thdng qua viee phan tieh loi, xac djnh nguyen
nhan m§e ldi va sua lai nhung chd dien dat ehua chinh
xac, HS se lu rut ra nhung nhan xet cu the ve each
thiie hien va sd dyng cac TTLL khi trinh bay van de
D?ng BT nay se giup GV viia dieu chinh lai eae van
de li thuyet cho HS, lai vda thuc hien mue dich luyen
cac KN va trinh dp su dung cac TTLL trong qua trinh
l§o lap van ban cua ehinh cac em BT phat hien sua
Idi cd the duae su dung trong cac tiet thuc hanh, tiet tra
bai Tuy nhien, thuc te cho tha'y, GV rat ngai thuc hien
kieu BT nay bdi ddi hdi nang lue sU pham, su kheo
leo, te nhi trong iing xii ciia GV khi phan tich ldi sai
sdt, nhSm tranh suhieu khdng diing tuphia HS
Khi sudyng BT, GV cdthe chgn nhiing NL cola
dilndatchuachinhxac, hoae lay tli chinh bai viet cua
cae em Khi ehgn NL tii "san pham" ciia HS, GV can
phai thuc sucan nh^c de khong lam anh hudng ldi lam
li cung nhusumac cam cua cae em ta/dc ban be
Khao sat bai lam cuaHS,edthenhan thay, Idima
cac em mac phai thudng la chua hieu dung ngi dung
yeu cau cua van de (hoae luan diem) Vi the, khi su
dung cae TTLL, HS thudng thuc hien chua diing theo
dae trung cua cac thao lae, nen each lap lu|n cua cae
em thie'u chat ehe, khdng lao ra duoc su Ihuyel phyc
da vdi ngudi liep nhan Khi hudng d i n HS thyc hanh,
GV can ehu yeu cho eac em lim ra nhung chd ehua
dung, chua phii hpp vdi ndi dung van de hay yeu cau
cua de bai, tim ra nguyen nhan dan tdi ldi dd roi yeu
cau cac em dieu chinh lai cho diing
4) BTphan tich, danh gia BT nay thudng cd
hai phan: 1) Neu ngi^dung NL; 2) Yeu cau phan tich
NL duoc chpn cd the la mdt doan trich hoae mdt van
ban (Ihudng cd dung luang ng^n}, vai npi dung gin
vdl cac van de Irong van hgc hay va cua xa hgi
Vi du: Khi hudng d i n HS thuc hanh van dyng ket
hop eac TTLL phan tich va so sanh, NV11 neu BT1
vdi cac yeu cau cy the: - Nhan dien cac TTLL (S\i(3c
su dyng trong NL; - Phan tich myc dich, tac dyng
va each ket hdp cae TTLL trong NL; - Neu danh gia
nghi luan Muc dich chinh cua BT nay la yeu cau
HS phan tich NL, nhan thay su ket hpp cua phan tich va so sanh khi dien dat ndi dung nghi luan, qua
dd hieu dung hon muc dich, y nghla cua su ket hop eac TTLL Qua dd, HS seed nhung KN sudyng va
y thuc van dyng nhiing kien thiie ma eac em thu dugc vao qua trinh lao lap van ban cua ban than
5} BTtao lap doan van, van ban BT nay yeu
cau su van dung kien thue tdng hop va nhiing KN
ma HS da thu duoc vao qua trinh viet doan van hay viet bai van ngin, nen Ihudng duae sii dyng trong cac gidthuc hanh hoae khi GVyeu cau HS viet cac bai van kiem tra (15 phiit, mgt tiel)
BT thudng ed hai phan: 1) Neu yeu cau tao lap; 2) Neu rd ngi dung phai the hien Thdng qua BT,
GV se cd nhu'ng dinh hudng ca ban hudng d i n HS thuc hien nhiem vy lao lap Tuy nhien, viec thue hien
BT nay trong gid hgc se tdn nhieu thdi gian nen nhieu
GV thudng hudng dan HS lim hieu yeu cau eua de bai roi lam bai tai nha Cach lam nay tuy tiet kiem dupe
thdi gian song lai ehua giiip cae em phat huy 6uac
dung nang luc nhan thiie va KN cua ban than khi sang tao trong mgl thdi gian nhat dinh Thue ra,BT nay khong chigiiip HS thehien nang luc nhan thiie
va KN ma nd edn giiip eae em the hien kha nang
"linp bien" nhung cai ben trong de tao ra cac san pham cy the Vi vay, theo ehiing tdi, G V cd the eho
HS thuc hien BT ngay trong gid thuc hanh tren Idp
va sau dd danh gia san pham do cac em tao ra Vdi each lam nay, GV seed them co ha decung cd, khic sau cung nhu boi dudng them y thiic can trgng khi thuc hien va sU dyng eac TTLL vao chinh qua trinh lao lap van ban sau do
Dd'i vdi HS , GV can the hien rd yeu c i u cung nhu npi dung nghi luan de cae em ed dinh hudng cho viec lao ra eac "san pham" mdi Vi dy, khi hudng
d i n HS luyen lap ve TTLL phan tieh, NV11 cdchgn
BT 2 vdi yeu eau: "Phan tich ve dep eua ngdn ngu
nghe thuat trong Tt/tinh (balll)"
6) BT trien khai vdimtjc dich "tich hgp" Day
la dang BT yeu cau HS ed the tii nhimg kien thiic
eua van ban, ciia phan mdn Tieng Vietva LV6e li
giai va tim ra nhiing kien thiic mdi BT nay giup GV tan dyng he thdng kien thuc cac phan mdn cua Ngii van de tim ra nhung kien thiic va KN mdi nen cd tinh "long hgp", thudng dupe sudyng trong khi hudng dan HS td'ng hpp cac kien thiic va KN da hgc vac li giai vain de
V i d y : khi hudng d i n HS tim hie'u ve TTLL binh
l u a n N V I I c d d u a r a B T ; "Co ngudi eho ring binh
Trang 3luan giai thich vachungminh Nhan x^ ay dung hay
kliong dung?Vi sao?" Ve ban chai, day la mdl dang
cua BT tieh hop, trong dd van de dinh hudng tich
hpp chinh la can cu vao md'i quan he giua cae tri
thiic cu (giai thich va ehung minh la nhung kien thuc
ma HS da dugc trang bi tu cap tmng hge ca sd) va
tri thuc dang hpc (binh luan) trong he thdng tri thue
ve van nghi luan De tim ra Idi giai eho BT nay, GV
can giiip HS he thdng lai nhiing kien thuc cu bang
each khai gai lai nhung ndi dung da hoe de tu dd cac
em tim ra moi lien he giua cac kien thiic
Trong qua trinh ren luyen eac TTLL, he thdng
BT chinh la "bd cdng cy" thiet yeu, giiip G V thuc hien
cac myc dich thuc hanh Mdi kieu BT cdmdt dae diem
rieng, vai trd rieng trong hoat dpng thuc hanh Vi vay,
khi to chiic luyen tap, G V can can cii vao myc dich
can ren luyen ma sii dyng cac BT cho phu hpp ^
Tai li^u tham k h a o
I LO A (chu bifin) - Le Thj Thanh Ha - LO Th( Tam
Hao - NguySn Thj Hoa - Trin Van To^n - Nguyen
due H 2(K)9
2 Bfl GD-DT Tai lieu boi dirung giao vien Npirvfin II
^XB Gidn due H.Zm^
^ Ha Thuc Hoan L a m vAn nghi luSn li thuyet vi
thirc hanh NXB Thudn Hod Hufi' \ 992
4 Phan Trong Luan (chu biCn) Ngtr van l U i a p ! 2) NXBCid^^rfuf H.2007
5 Bao Quy^n Ren luyen kl nSng nghi lu$n NXB
GfriwJHC H 2004
6 Nguyen Quoc Sieu Ki n^ng lam vin nghj luitn phd thong, NXB Gido due H 1993
7 D6 Ngoc Thong (chii hien) Pham Minh Di$u
-NguySn Thanh Thi L a m vSn NXB Dgi hoc su phtfm,
H 2(H)8
SUMMARY
Composition Writing is a pracUcal subject To be more exact, the knowledge and skills in text forma-tion are only delailed formed and developed through practice activities When it comes to the conduct of composition writing activity, it can be seen that exer-cises are an important tool, facilitaUng the leacher to orientate Ihe content that needs drilling and practis-ercise types used to drill patterns of argument for senior high school students
Thyc Irang va gial phap quan li
(Ti^ theo Irang 6)
hanh lot cdng tac kiem tra, kiem loan cua co quan
QL va quy djnh miic chi theo danh myc dupe ehi
nhu cac tn/dng CL; + Cd thdng tu hudng dan thue
hien Quyet dinh 60/2011/QD-TTg, dae biet hudng
d i n viec hd tro chi phi bdi dudng nang cao trinh dd
chuyen mdn nghiep vy cho G V M N NCL; hudng dan
thue hien chinh sach uu dai ve tin dyng de cac co
sd GDMN tu thyc cd dieu kien nang cap, cai lao
CSVC, trang thiet bj
5^£7d/i'OT(/6Wi?; +UBND linh/thanh phd cd cac
van ban dao chi dao UBND quan/huyen tang eudng
QL cae ea sd GDMN NCL theo diing quy dinh phap
luat cua Nha nuoc Xuli nghiem nhung ca sdvi pham
quy dinh hien hanh; + Day manh xa hdl hda GDMN,
khuye'n khich phat trien tnidng mam non tu thuc; +
C d c P c h e k h u y w i khich XHH GDMN: Uu tien cho
thue dat lau dai cho vay vdn tin dyng uu dai decac
td'chiic hoae canhan md trudng MN lu thyc Thue
hien che dp thue hgo li va cap hd trp kinh phi cho tre
hgc MN tu thyc tli ngan sach nha nude theo tl le nhait
dmh vdl ddi tucmg phu hap
4) Do) vdi phong GD-DT quan/huyen: Can cii
vao cac quy djnh ehung trong QL eac ca sd GDMN
34 Tap chi Gido dye so 304
NCL de ra cae bien phap chi dao QL phu hc^ vdi thuc tiln dia phuang; + Cd bien phap hd trp kip thdi doivdi cac CP s d G D M N NCL tren diabanvenhSn
su, CSVC va hoat ddng chuyen mdn
5) Doi vdi cac ccr sd GDMN NCL: Tiiy dieu
kien thuc te cua loai hinh ca sd GDM N NCL de ap dung eac giai phap QL ca sd GDMN NCL da dupc
de x u a l Q
Tai lieu t h a m khSo
h Bao cao l6ng kfi't ili t&i: "Doi m&i qudn li easd
gido due mdm non ngodi cdng ldp trong qud trinh hdi nh^p qudc if (Ma sO': B20 i 0-37-88CT Chu nhifm
de tai: TS Trdn Thi Ngoc TrSm)
2 BO GD-DT Bdo cdo tdng k^l ndm hgc 2011-2012
vd phucmg hudng nhi^m vu gido due mdm non ndm hoc 2012-2013 Ha NQi 8/2012
SUMMARY
This article introduces the results of the study of the status and management soluUons insUtuUon's non-public preschool Vietnam to reform management of non-public pre-school education in the process of intemational integration The management of pre-school education institutions including many areas, this article focuses on four areas: management of organization and personnel management: financial management
-(ki2-2/2013)