THUfiTRANGVAMprSQGIM PHAP PHAN IUONG HOG SINH PHOTHONG vAo HE THONQ DAY nOHE ThS, NGUYEN XUAN NINH" Viec phan luong hpc sinh (PLHS) phd''''thdng vao he thd''''ng day nghe da duoc Oang, Nha nudc ta quan tam[.]
Trang 1THUfiTRANGVAMprSQGIM PHAP PHAN IUONG HOG SINH PHOTHONG vAo HE THONQ DAY nOHE
ThS, N G U Y E N X U A N N I N H "
Viec phan luong hpc sinh (PLHS) phd'thdng
vao he thd'ng day nghe da duoc Oang, Nha
nudc ta quan tam chi dao trong sud't thdi gian
qua Van kien Oai hpi IX cua Oang da nhan manh:
Voi trgng^cong tic hudng nghiep, PLHS sau trung
hqc, chuan bi cho thanh nien dl vio cuoe sdngpghe
nghiep phu hop vdi ehuyen dich ea ciu kinh te trong
ca nudc va tdng dia phuang"{^; tr.109) Tuy nhien,
trong nhieu nam qua, cdng tac PLHS phd'thdng vao
he thd'ng day nghe cdn nhieu bat cap ve co eau, so
lupng CO eh§' chinh sach cho ngudi hoc nghe, con
dudng phat trie'n nghecho HS ma nguyen nhanco
ban la cdng tac phan juongva hudng nghiep (HN)HS
phd'thdng vao he thd'ng day nghe chua mang lai hi&u
quacao
1 Khai ni$m phan ludng hpc sinh
PLHS la suphan hda theo nhdm Idn cd cung nang
luc va nguyen vpng eua HS nh^m dinh hudng hp lua
chpn nganh nghe phu hpp vdi nang luc cua ca nhan
va nhu c l u cP cau nhan luc qude gia Day la bien
sonang luc hpe tap, nguypn vpng eiia HS va nhu eau
xa hpi
06'thue hipn PLHS nh^rn bao dam nguon nhan
luc cd chat lupng, phu hpp ve CP cau nganh nghe va
trinh dp theo yeu c l u phat trien KT-XH, he thdng co
sddao tao nghe phai dupc cau tnic ttieo hudng mo,
mem deo va linh hoat, thoa man nhu e l u giao due
-dao tao (GD-OT) cho mpi ngudi vdi quan die'm giao
due lien tue, hpe tap sud't ddi
' 2 Thuc trang c o n g tac PLHS p h o t h o n g vao
hethd'ng day nghe
Hon 20 nam q^ua, hpthd'ng giao due nudc ta phat
trien manh d t l t ca cac bae hpc, td m I m non den dai
nghenghiepdedjnh hudng phattrien.luachpn nganh
n g h l phti hpp so' thich ca nhan curig nhu nang lue
ban than va nhu cau xa hpi cdn nhieu han che Viec
v i k chuan bi nguon nhan luc ed chat lupng theo yeu
cSu phattrien KT-XH ctia dat nudc vatting dja phuang
h i u nhuchua dupc dap ling.TheoVutrudngVy Giao
dye chuyen nghi?p (Bp GD-OT) Hoang Ngpc Vinh,
HStotnghiepTHCSsevao hoc trong cac tmdng THPT,
cac trung tam giao dye thudng xuyen (TTGDTX),
eae tn/dng day nghe, ta/dng tnjng cap chuyen nghiep
machuadupedao tao nghe Nhieu nam gan day, HS tot nghiep TIHCS khdng tiep tuc hpc chiem tile eao Chl tinh rieng nam hoc 2007-2008, ti le HS tot nghiep THCSvaohpcTHPT la 70,7%,_b6tue THPT 137,5%, hpc trong cac ca sd day nghe va TCCN thap, chi
1.4 tneu HS) khdng tiep tyc hpc Mdt sd'tinh cdti le HS hpc xong THCS khdng tiep tuc hpc kha cao nhu: Lao Cai,Yen Bai, Thai Nguyen, Nghe An, HaTTnh, Quang Binh, Quang Trj, _
Thuc te eho thay, phanjdn HS tot nghiep THPT thudng duthidai hpc, cao dang; khdng ddmd^ehuyeri sang hpc TCCN hoae hpc nghe; sd cdn lai co the d nha dn tap va chd nam sau thi tiep hoae tim kiem viec lam khae Theo con so thd'ng ke, nam hpc
2007-2008, 43,8% HS tot nghjep THPT duoc tuye'n vao cac tn/dng dai hpe, cao dang, 30,3% vao hpc TCCN
va mpt sd It hoc nghe Tuy nhien, chi trong nam hpc
nghiep THPT khdng hpc nghe nao Mat khae, sd'HS
bo hpc va trupt td't nghipp THPT cdn kha nhieu, vdi khoang han 224 nghin em Neu epngca sd'HS tot nghiep THPT chua tiep tyc hpc vdi so HS trupt td't nghiepvabdhpcthi hangnam con khoang400 nghin
em Oieu nay gay lang phi Idn ve rnat nhan luc Nhieu chuyen gia giao due cho rang, nguyen nhan khien viec PL HN cho HS sau THCS, THPT han che
la do nhan thtic cua ngudi dan, nha tn/dng va xa hdi dd'i vdi giao due nghe nghiep chua that su dung dan Nhieu HS va gia dinh khdng lupng dupc stic hpc ciia ban than, con em minh vadieu kien kinh te gia dinh detim con dudng hpc nghetu'sdm; dpng CO tham gia eac Idp hpc nghe cua HS bi lech lae Trong khi dd,
tin ve thj tn/dng lao ddng; quy viec lam thieu Oang chu y, cdng tac giao due HN trong nha tn/dng phd thdng chua dupc thue hien td't do thieu ddi ngu can bd, giao vien am hieu tam li hoc nghe nghiep Nhu c l u lao dpng cac nganh nghe cung gay tra ngai cho viec
cdng tae giao dye hudng nghiep, thie'u suphd'i hop vdi
' Traaig Cao dang nghe Viet - Oiifc, Ha Tinti
Tap chi Giao due so 305 7
Trang 2hudng nghiep Ben eanh dd, quy md va dieu kien cua
cae CO sd day nghe chua dap iing nhu cau PLHS
kha nang lien thdng giua giao dye nghe nghiep vdi
cac bae hoc khac, nhat la len cao d§ng, dai hpc cdn
trong khi he thd'ng co so dao tao sau trung hpc ehua
dap lin^ nliu c l u hoc tap cua HS td't nghiep THPJ
khich ddi vdl HS THCS hpc nghe, khuyen khich cac
khi dd thdng tin ve nganh nghe lai thudng khdng day
du va thieu tinh cap nhat Oac biet, viec lam trong xa
eung la mdt nguyen nhan quan trpng
3 T l i thuc trang neu tren ,de ddi m di cong tae
PLHSpho'thdng vao h e t h o n g day nghe, xin de
xua't mot so giai phap chinh sau:
1) Tuyen truyen nhim nang cao nhan thuc
xa hdi ve nghe nghiep de phu huynh va ban than
can xem xet de'n nang lue ea nhan va hoan canh gia
em thay, cd nhieu con dudng dat den udc mo dich
thue cua minh; lao ddng diinh vue nao cung ean thiet,
dUdc kinh trpng va duoc dai ngd xiing dang neu cd
tay nghe cao valam viec het minli Cac CO hdl hpc tap
ludn cd va se de'n vol mpi ngudi, hoc tap la edng viee
Tunhan thtic dung dan ve nghe nghiep, HS se nhan
thtic dupc, viec eae em di vao eac hudng khac nhau
sau khi tot nghiep THCS hoae THPT la binh thudng
va hpp li
2) Tang cudng HN cho HS, ddng thai day
manh hoatdgng cua cac cosdday nghedePLHS
sau THCS va THPT Viec phan luong phai gan vdi
nhu eau phattrien KT-XH,
- Cong tic PLHS dcae tn/dng THCS va THPTco
nhiem vu giiip cho cae em thay dupcmd'i quan he
giuanhanthuc,udemavdiyeu c l u nghenghiep thdng
qua nhiing hoat ddng hudng nghiep, qua phan tich
ket qua hpc tap van hda, cac mdn kT thuat va cac
chdng chi djnli cua nghe de cd sulua chpn phti hpp
Npoai viec luan &iu theo cht/ong trinh giao due HN
day nghe, trung tam kTthuat td'ng hpp-HN, cae cPsd
san xual kinh doanh, tdchi/c cho HS lop 9 va HS
THPT nhung bud'i hpi thao, sinh hoat chuyen de ve
HN, tuvan, tham guan, gidi thieu va tuyen truyen ve
ban than va dieu kien gia dinh trong viec lua chon
hudng di sau khi tot nghiep
Can eho HS thaiy dupc cd nhieu eon dudng, each
em hieu mdt each d i y du vacu the vetat cacac hudng disau khi tot nghiep THCS, THPT Moi mpt hudng (I can phai lam rd eac yeu cau nhu: Od'i lupng lao dpng ciia nghe, myc dich lao ddng eua nghe; cdng cu lao dpng eua nglie va dieu kien lao dpng cua nghe Co ntiu vay md^ giup HS nhan thiic va cd mdtsulua chpn
cac dieu kien khae
- Cac ca sd dio tao nghe c i n nang cao chat
luc^g dao tao nghe, xac dmh nguyen tae dao tao Iheo nhu e l u , dao taped dia chi; cdng bd'ti le HS hpc xong cd viee lam Mdi co sd day nghe eln xac djnh danh saeh doanh nghiep dqn vj la doi tac chien lupc
da duoe dao tao
- Ba dang hoa nganh nghe phu hep vdi dja phUdng
va tang cudng hoai ddng ciia eac tnjng lam hpc % cdng ddng, TTGDTX va day nghe, cac tn/dng day nghe dcae huyen, thi^, thanh phd'de PLHS sau THCS
Irudng trung cap, eao dang nghe, can thu hut HS tot nghiep THCS vao dao tao mpt each cd hethd'ng, sau
nghe, se tiet kiem hon so vdi tuye'n HS tot nghiep ldp
12 Mpt bd phan HS sau THCS tham gia vao thi trudng lao dong thu hiit vao cac ldp bd'tuc van hoa tai TTGDTX
3) Dieu tiet phan ludng bang cac chinh sach:
• Co ehinh saeh khuyen khich cho ngudi hpc di vao
luong giao dye nghe nghiep, the hien d c h e i l d tuye'n
tieu chuan uu tien cho nhung HS cd chiing chidao tao ngliedupcvay von san xuat, HS tot nghiep THCS
va tham gia lao ddng tao san pham hang hda de
chuong trinh cylhedephattrien giaodue nghenghiep, trong dd ed ea quy hoach, xay dung tn/dng, che dp ehinh sach, nhat la lap ban chidao HN PLHS cac cap
sach cac dan vi, doanh nghiep tham gia HN vdi vai trd mdi doanh nghiep la mpt dan vi HN Ngpai ra, HS hpc nghe can dupe uu dai va van ddng xa hpi xay dLfngquyhdtrqngudihpc n g h l , hdtrp trudng dao tgo nghe; - Cac b i n g tpt nghiep THPT, TCCN, Bd'tuc v^n hda deu binh dang Irong viee thi vao trudng cao
tye hpe len eija mpi cdng dan
4) Bg Lao dgng - Thuang binh va Xa hgiplao
Sd Lao dgng - Thuang binh va Xa hgi chi dao cho cac Phong Lao dgng • Thuang binh vaXa
(Xem ^ trang ^)
8 Tap chi Gido due so 305
Trang 3hp da su dyng Trong sudt giai doan nay,
GV de nghj HS dung lai hoat ddng cac em
da lam 6 eae giai doan khac nhau cua bai
hpc Khi nao cac em bat dau hieu biel ro
rang ve THCVD ay? Khi nao cac em bat
dau cam thay tu tin vao nhirng gial phap cu
the? Vi sao cac em chap nhan mpt socach
luan glal mdt each san sang hon nhiing
ngudi khac? Vi sao cac em phij nhgn mdl
socach luan giai? Vi sao cae em thdng nha't
duge glai phap cudi cting? Cac em ed thay
dol each suy nghT ciJa minh vetinh hudng
ddkhiquatrinh dieu tra dang dien ra khdng?
Dieu gi gay nen su thay ddi nay? Lan sau
eae em se lam gikhacdi?
Tdm lai, quy trinh ehuan bi va tien hanh
bai hgc dua tren GQVD can sunghien ciiu ki
luwig, cdng phu ctia GV Tat ca cac cdng
vipc ma GV lam deu phai the hien duge vai
trd ngutji hudng dan, ngudi cd'va'n cho hgc
trd Thuc hien lot quy trinh tren GV ed the
thu dugc nhiing ket qua kha quan khi van
dung md hinh day va hpc tieh cue nay.Q
Tai li^u tham khao
I NguySn Lang Binh Day vA hoc ti'ch circ
D i / a n V i ^ l - B i , H a N 6 i 2 0 ] 0
2 Doroihy H E v e n s e n Cindy E
Hmelo Cindy E Hmelo-Silvcr
Problem-based Learning: \ Research Perspective on
l e a r n i n g I n t e r a c t i o n s Taylor - Francis
Publishing Company, 2000
.1 Kenneth T.Henson Ben F Etler Education
P s y c h o l o g y f o r E f f e c t i v e T e a c h i n g
Wadsworlh Publishing Company, 1999
4 M p t sO' trang w e b : I h t t p : / /
www.acs.edu.au/enrol-ment/prohlem-based-learn ing/de Fault, asp X h u p : / /
e n w i k i p e d i a o r g / w i k i / P r o h I p
based learning
SUMMARY
Problem - Based Leaming fPBL) Is
astu-dent-centered pedagogy in which students
learn about a subject through the experience
of problem solving The constructs for
teach-ing PBL are very different from traditional
classroom/lecture teaching This article
describes problem-based lesson planning and
conducUon It focuses on the tive phases of
behaviors for each phase
36 Tap chi Gido due so 305
Thirc trang va mot so giai ptiap
(Tiep theo trang 8)
dong, TTGDTX va eac co sdday nghe, vdl cac eo sdsan xuat, cae doanh nghiep tao "dau ra" cho hgc vien khi dao tao xong Viee dao tao tai cae co sd san xuat, cae nha may xl nghiep la glaiphap hiiu hieu eho bal loan PLHS sau THCS va THPT
PLHS pho thdng vao he thdng day nghe la van de can duge quan tam giai quyet, tuy khdng the mot sdm mdt chieu
hgp cua ta't ca eac co quan, ban, nganh lien quan, dae bi|t nganh Lao dpng - Thuong binh va Xa hdi la rat quan trpng, nhani dubao nhu eau xa hdi vedao tao nghe, tang quy md vdi
CO cau hgp 11 trong phat trien dao lao nghe, lay dd lam can cti
de PLHS pho thdng (sau THCS va THPT) vao he thd'ng day nghe.thuchien lot Chien lugcphal trien Day nghethcriki 2011-2020; dao lao nguon nhan luc lao dpng cd tay nghe phuc vu phattrien KT-XH caciinh Bae Trung bd ndi rieng vaca nudc ndi ehung, tao nen tang quan trong trong cdng cudc cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda va hdi nhap qude le •
(1) v a n kien Dai h^i B a n g U n thu- IX NXB Chinh trj qud'c gia H 200], XT.\09
Tai lieu (ham k h a o
1 Thli luong Chinh phii Quyit dinh s/f 630/QD-7Tg, ngdy 29/5/2012 Phe duyet Chiin liwc phdl Iriin Day nghi ih&i ki 2011-2020
2 Bao cao H6i ihao Cdc phuong phdp phdn ludng hpc sinh •!au trung hpc ca.savd Irung hoc phd'thdng ngay 11/9/2009
cua Bo Giao due & Dao Tao
3 UBND ifnh Ha T^nh D^ dn Ndng cao chdl lupng ngudn nhdn luc tinh Hd Tinh giai doan 2011-2020
4 NguySn Van Le - Ha The' Truyfin - Biii Van QuSn, MOt stf
supham, H 2004
5 Phiing Dinh M5n - Phan Minh Ti^n - Trircmg Thanh Thiiy
Mdt s^ vSn de ca b i n v^ boat d d n g gido due hvi6ng n ^ ^ p d'
t r u v n g trung hoc phfi thdng NXB Gido due, H 2005
SUMMARY
Over the past few years, ramification of secondary and high school graduates in vocaUonal training system In
North-em Centra! provinces in particular and nationwide in general has noi gained good results There are several causes of this situation, but mam reasons are that students themselves and their parents prefer university and college educaUon to voca-tional training: provincal vocavoca-tional training network has not met the scale and quality requirements; treatment policy for VocaUonal training and post - graduate employment has not received proper consideration In order to improve the qual-inces to take measures: to raise the awareness of community and society, to provide useful guidence for students at the last form of secondary and high school, as well as to develop appropriate policies and mechanisms