TIM HIEU MOT so MDHINH TRUONG OAI HDG DA TREN THE GO" PHAN HIEU ThS N G U Y § N T H I E N T u i " 1 Trudc xu the hdi nhap va toan cau hoa, nen kinh te tri thdc va kinh te thi trudng dang phat trien ma[.]
Trang 1TIM HIEU MOT so MDHINH TRUONG OAI HDG DA
TREN THE GO"
PHAN HIEU
ThS N G U Y § N T H I E N T u i "
1 Trudc xu the hdi nhap va toan cau hoa, nen
kinh te tri thdc va kinh te thi trudng dang phat trien
manh me cung vdi su phat trien nhu vu bao cua
khoa hpc va cdng nghe, giao due ndi ehung va giao
due dgi hpc (OH) ndi rieng da cd nhi/ng thay doi
theo hudng da dang ve mo hinh to chuc va phuang
thuc quan //'nhdm dap dng nhu cau xa hoi ve dao
tao ngudn nhan luc.Tai Vidt Nam, trong thdiki ddi
mdi kinh tdtheo hudng cdng nghiep hda, hien dai
hda nen co cau nganh nghe da cd nhu'ng thay doi
dang ke, nen vdn minh cdng nghifep da lan toa ngay
cang nhanh va tac ddng manh den vung sau, vung
xa cua dat nudc Oilu nay da tao nen nhu cau dupc
hudng thy nen giao due - dao tao eua thanh nien
va ngudi lao ddng d cac vung sau, vung xa;
t u d d ddn den mpt su djch chuyen xahoi ma trong
do, thanh nien ndng thdn dua nhau ve cac thanh
phd Idn de hpc OH, cao ddng va tim kiem viec lam
Thuc te nay ddn dan tinh trgng phat trien khdng can
ddi ve dao tao va su dung ngudn nhan luc giua eae
vung mien trong nude
Be giai quydt tinh trang tren, mdt sd tn/dng OH
md cac phan hieu (co sd) tai cac dja phuong nhdm
dap dng nhu cau dao tao ngudn nhan luc cho phat
trien KT-XH, ddng thdt tgo sucong bdng va binh ddng
trong giao dye, gdp phan nang cao dan tri, dao tao
nhdn luc cho cdng ddng va xa hpi
2 Nhdm trien khai cd hieu qua md hinh trudng
OH da phdn higu d Viet Nam, chiing ta can nghien
cuu mot so mo hinh quan li t r u d n g DH da phan
hieu tren the gidi
- Hoa Ki\a mpt qudc gia ed he thdng giao dye
OH tidn tien nhat the gidi vcri ddc trung eo ban la de
cao quyIn tu chu va tu trj dudi su dieu ehinh cua
ludt phap Md hinh OH d Hoa Ki rat da dang va
phong phu, mdi tn/dng OH c o c o cdu toehue theo
sang kien rieng cua minh, cac co sd giao dye OH
cd the gpi mot trong sd cac ten tuy theo quy md va chuc nang cua nd nhu: College, University Institute hodc School Tuy nhien, xet ve quy md thi DH Hoa
Ki cdthe chia thanh hai loai: University va College; trong do, University t.\)[idng dung cho nhung DH
da nganh, cd quy md Idn, cd nhieu tnj'dng thanh vien (College hoae Shool), cd the gpi la OH tong
hpp, hoae Vien OH; College thudng cd xu hudng
nho hon ve quy md cOng nhu gidi han ve pham vi dao tao, cd the la mpt trudng ddc lap hodc mdt trudng thanh vien true thupc mdt University Vi dy:
OH Han/ard CO cac tnidng true ViupcnhU'DH nghe thuatva khoa hpc (Graduate school of science and arts), OH Luat (Harvard Law School), DH Kinh doanh (Harvard Business School) ; OH North-western cd cac trudng tn/c thude nhu: Trudng Khoa hpe va Nhan van (school of arts and science), Tn/dng Thuong mal (school of business), Tn/dng
KT thuat (school of engineering) (1)
Moi trudng thanh vien thupc University ed ehdc ndng daotao mdtnhdm nganh, mdt ehuyen nganh, hodc mdt bae hpc Vi dy: Schpol of arts and science
la Tn/dng Khoa hpc T u nhien va Nhan vdn, gdm cac nganh khoa hpc co ban nhu Toan, Vdt li, Hoa hoc, va Khoa hpc Nhan van nhuSu, Kinh te, Chinh tri, Tam li, v.v ; Medical school la tnidng chuyen
ve nganh y; Graduate school la trudng dao tao chuong trinh sau eu nhan, tdc la thac sT (MA) va tien sT (PhD) Sinh vien cac tn/dng chuyen nganh phai hpc chuong trinh kien thuc eo ban d Tn/dng Khoa hpc T u nhien va Nhan van, sau dd mdi vao hpc cac trudng chuyen nganh Vdl to ehdc nhutren, Tnidng Khoa hoc Tunhien va Nhdn van la nen tang
* Tnrong Dai hoc cong ngtiiep TP Ho Chi Minh
Trang 2chuong trinh kien thue co ban, sinh vien cac nganh
khae nhau cd the cung hpc ehung; hodc sinh vien
cung cd the hpc d nhimg trudng chuyen nganh khae
trong cung University theo chuong trinh tu chpn
Ngoai ra, tai Hoa Ki cung xuat hien md hinh co sd
(campus) thupc trucmg D H ; nghTa la trudng DH cd
the md rdng phgm vi tuyen sinh tren toan qudc hodc
tren the gidi bdng each dat cac campus tai nhieu
dja phuong hogc qudc gia khac nhau, vdi he thdng
quan li chuan muc gan nhu nguyen ban vdi co sd
chinh Vi du: OH Webster Hoa Ki, thanh lap nam
1915 tai thanh phd St Louis Hien nay trudng cd
hang chuc campus ndm khdp lien bang va cd 7
campus tai cac nudc tren the gidi nhu London
(Anh), Vienna {Ao}, Geneva (Thuy ST), Leiden (Ha
Lan); Bangkok (Thai Lan) , (2)
- Ta/W/ia/San, sau The chien thu'2, chinh phu
Nhat Ban tien hanh tai co cau hethong giao dycOH,
trong dd cd ehinh sach cai each giao due OH vao
nam 1984 Chinh sach nay tao cho he thdng giao
due OH Nhat Ban cd nhung thay doi co ban ve co
cau hethd'ng theo mdhinh cac trudng OH cua Hoa
Ki, vdi he thdng dao tao 4 cap trinh dp cao dang, cu
nhan, thac sT va tien sT Thdi ki nay d Nhat Ban da
phat trien manh me cac OH da nganh, da linh vue
nhuOH Tokyo, DH Osaka, OH Kyoto, Cac trudng
DH Idn d Nhdt Ban cung cd nhieu trudng thanh vien,
moi tnidng thanh vien chuyen dao tao mpt nganh
hodc nhdm nganh nhat djnh Vi dy: OH Tokyo cd
15 t n i i ^ g OH thanh vien va 11 hpe vien; DH Tong
hpp Kyoto cd 4 tnidng thanh vien
Tuy nhien, den thap nien cudi the ki XX va dau
the ki XXI, de dap ung vdi nhu cau phat trien cua dat
nudc, Nhdt Ban da tien hanh cai each he thdng giao
dye OH mdt each triet de, trong dd, dae diem eo ban
nhait cua eudc eai each nay la qua trlnh tap doan hoa
cac OH edng Idp, Theo xu hudng nay, cae eo sd giao
dye 0 H don nganh 6iiqc ket hpp va td chdc lai thanh
cac OH da nganh, da ITnh vuc Nam 2003, Lual ve
^pdban hoa DH cong 6a6isqc thong qua Oen nam
2004 tat ea eac OH cdng da dupc tap doan hoa
Theo luat nay, tn/dng OH khdng cdn che dp cdng
chuc ddi vdi dpi ngu giang vien va can bp quan li
Tap doan OH cd mdi quan he chat che vdi cae
bd ngan sach nha nudc cho cae OH ap dung theo phuong thuc trpn gdi dua tren ket qua thuc hien ke hoach hoatdpng trung hgn (6 ndm) da dupc BpGiao due - Van hda - The thao - Khoa hoe va Cdng nghe phe duyet Qua trinh tap doan hod cac OH cdng lap
d Nhat Ban thuc hien vdl muc tieu tang cudng tinh ddc lap, tu chu va tu chiu trach nhiem cua cac BH cdng lap, ap dung md hinh quan li kieu doanh nghiep trong quan trj OH (3)
- Vien Cong nghe Hoang gia Melbourne (The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University- RMIT) - Uc la moi trudng OH co try sd
chinh tai Trung tdm thupng mai cua thanh phd Melbourne Trudng cung cd co sd thu 2 dat tai TP
Hd Chi Minh lay ten la BH Qudc te RMIT Viet Nam, vdl hang ngan sinh vien theo hpc DH Qudc
te RMIT Viet Nam la c o s d chinh tai chau A cua RMIT Mpt trong nhiJng cam ket chien lupc cua RMIT la nham xdy dung mdt "OH ddi", theo do
CP sd cua RMIT tai Viet nam se ia cau nd'i ch§t che giQa RMIT Melbourne cua Uc vdi chdu A.De thuc hien cam ket dai han nay, RMIT Viet Nam dang phat trien da dang hda cac chuong trinh dao tao, cac du an nghien cdu mang tam khu vuc, cac mdl quan he vdi chinh phu va doanh nghiep, cung nhugia tdng sdlupng sinh vien va nghien cuu sinh trong chuong trinh trao doi sinh vien gida RMIT Viet Nam va cac co sd khae trong khu vi/c Vdn bdng dupe cap eho ngudi hoc td RMIT Viet Nam
cd gia trj tuong duong vdi vdn bdng cap tai Uc, vi chuong trinh dao tao cua RMIT Viet Nam lien quan true tiep den cac ITnh vuc hogt dong cua doanh nghiep tai Viet Nam va dupc gdn vdi yeu cau hpi nhdp rat nhanh vdi the gidi (4)
- Vien Cong nghe chau A (Asian Institute of Technology • AIT) - Thai Lan \amq\mn daotao
sauDH vekTthudt, cdng nghe vaquan li AIT dupc thanh lap vao ndm 1959 vdi chdc nang la trudng dao tao sau DH ve kTthuat cua khdi SEATO Muc tieu eua AIT la dao tao ngudn nhdn li/c ed trinh
dp eao dam nhiem vai trd ddn dau cho su phat trien ben vung cua khu vuc va qua trinh hdi nhdp vao nen kmh te the gidi Ngan sach cua AIT do cac td chuc va chinh phu tren the gidi (ban dau la
8 Tap chi Gido due so 304
Trang 3AIT ndm trong trudng (Thai Lan) trudc khi hoat
ddng dpe lap vao thang 11/1967 Hien nay, AIT
cd CO sd dao tao chinh dat tai va duy nhat mot
trung tam tai Thai Lan
Trung tdm cua AIT tai Viet Nam (AITCV) dupc
thanh lap tu nam 1993 Hoat dpng chinh cua
Trung tam la dao tgo cac chuong trinh thac sl 2
giai doan (giai doan 1 d Viet Nam va giai doan 2
d Thai Lan) Ben canh dd, Trung tam cung td
chuc cac khda dao tao ngdn han AITCV cung
dang to chdc nhung Idp thac sT cd thoi gian hpc
chi 12 thang, hpc tai Viet Nam va chi sang Thai
Lan khoang 2 tuan de lay bdng Professional
Master vdi cac chuyen nganh nhu Vidn thdng,
Quan li xay dung (6) Hien tai, AITCV doi ten
thanh Vien cong nghe chau A • Viet Nam
(AIT-VN) Qua 16 nam hoat dpng vdi su nd luc hop
tac giiia Chinh phu Viet Nam vdl AIT va vdi
AITCV da thanh cdng trong su menh phat trien
eae chuong trinh dao tao vdi viec trien khai hang
tram khoa dao tgo tren 0 H va cac khoa bdi duong
ehuyen mdn chat lupng cao theo tieu chuan
qudc te cho hang ngan can bp Viet Nam, gdp
phan khong nhd cho su phat trien xa hdi va khoa
hpc edng nghe cua Viet Nam
-CTV/efWam, mdhinh tn/dng OH da phan hieu
dd xuat hien td lau, nhung phat trien manh nha't la
nhi/ng ndm cud'i the ki XX va dau the ki XXI Tuy
nhien, hien vln cdn nhieu van de ddt ra, dd la: co
eau tdchdc bp may CO che quan li ddi VPI md hinh
nay nhuthe nao de thich dng vdi bdi canh
kinhte-xa hpi hien nay Nhu vdy, trudc van de thuc tien ve
su xuat hien loai hinh tnidng OH da phan hieu tgi
Viet Nam, can phai cd casali luan, ca sdtht/c lien
vemd hinh quan li truang DH da phan hieu nhdm
de xuat cac giai phap quan li ddi vcri loai hinh tnidng
nay de nang cao hieu qua hogt ddng, gdp phan dap
ung nhu cau xa hpi ve dao tao ngudn nhan luc va
thi/c hien subinh ddng va cdng bdng trong giao due
• ddo tao.G
(1) Lam Quang Thi$p - D.Bruce Johnslone • Phillip G
Altiach (dAng chu bifin) Gido due d a i hoc Hoa ki
NXB GidO(/(/c,H 2006
(3) Trin Khanh Diic "Cai each giao due D^i hoc Nhat Ban va Dai hoc Hiroshima trong qua trinh ijp doan
hoa" Tap chi Khoa hoe xd hpi vd nhdn vdn; Dai hoc
q u 6 ' c g i a H a N 0 i s 6 ' 2 4 , n a m 2 0 0 8
(4) Ngu6n; www.rmit.edu.vn
(5) Ngu6n: Webside• www.ailcv.ac.vn (6) Hong Nga "AIT50 ndm xdy dung vd phdt triin " Bao DiSn ddn doanh nghiep (dien tii), 30/10/2009
SUMMARY
In the trend of integration and globalization tak-ing place daily, knovtrledge economy and market economy are developmg powerfully along with the rapid development of science and technology: edu-lar has had changes m the direction of diversity of organizational models and management methods m order to supply the needs of society about human resource training In the period of economic reform tendency ofinduslnalization and modemizaUon leads
to significant change of Job structure and industrial civilization has spread quickly and impacted strongly
to remote areas of the country This has created the demand to have a good educational and training sys-tem of young people and workers in these remote which almost young people in remote areas want to and Job finding This leads to unbalanced develop-ment about training and human resource use among the regions in the country
THONG BAO
Tap chi Giao due ra 1 ttiang 2 ki,
dat mua thuan tien tfii cac buu cue dia
phuung (Ma s o C i 9 2 ) hoae dat mua
taic tiep tai Toa soan (so Itrong Ion) theo
dia chi: TAP CHI GIAO DUC, 4 Trinh Hoai Due, quAn Ddng Da, Ha Npi
Kinh moi ban doc, cac don vi giao
due, truung hpc tiep tue dat mua Tap
chi Giao due nam 2013 Moi lien he
xin gui ve dia chi tren hoae lien lac qua so dien thoiu: 04.37345363; Fax: 04.37345363
Xin tran trong cam on
TAP CHi GIAO DUC
(ki2-2/2013)-Tqp chi Gido due so 304 9