lA I WAN aiAa aye • B»Y H^C GAC YEU TO TRONG GIA DINH ANH HOfiNG DEN SD HlNH THANH, PHAT TRIEN TiNH TD LDC CDA TRE 3 5 TOOl I Tuluc (TL) la mpt pham chat o''''n djnh cua nhan cach dupchinhthanh trong qua[.]
Trang 1lA I.WAN aiAa aye • B»Y H^C
GAC YEU TO TRONG GIA DINH ANH HOfiNG DEN SD HlNH THANH,
PHAT TRIEN TiNH TD LDC CDA TRE 3-5 TOOl
I.Tuluc (TL) la mpt pham chat o'n djnh cua nhan
cach.dupchinhthanh trong quatrinh hoatdpng,cdy
nghTa quan trpng dd'i vdi suphat trien cua con ngudi
TL la s i ; khdng phu thupc, san sang chju trach nhiem
vcri hanh dpng cua minli, cd niem tin vao nang luc cua
ban than
Tinh TL coy nghia quyetdjnh den suhinh thanh,
phat trien nhan caeh cua tre m i u giao Tre trong dp
tud'i td3-5 da cd cd su phat trien manh ve y thdc ban
nga va nhu eau tu khang dinh, cd kha nang TL trong
nhieu ITnh vuc khac nhau nhu trong hoat dpng hpc
t?p, vui ehoi d tnidng mam npn; trong hoat ddng lao
dpng tu phue vu va giup dd bd me mpt so cong viec
pfiu hpp vdi kha nang cua minh, Tinh TL cdn giiip
tre nang dpng, khPi day su sang tao, long ham hieu
bie't, muon kham pha nhdng dieu mdi la cua the gidi tu
nhien va cupc sd'ng xa hpl Viec giao due tinh TL cho
tre ngay td khi con nhd la vo cung can thiet, giup tre
m^nh d ^ hon, tu tin hdn, de gia nhap cudc sd'ng
cpng dong sau nay Ngay nay, trong xa hpl hien dai,
vai^trd quan trpng cua giao due gia dinh lai cang dupc
khang djnh Trong gia dinh, tuy theo trinh dp hieu
biet cua cha me, quan diem, phupng phap giao due
cua gla dinh ma tre hpc Suae nhung ehuan muc dao
ddc, thoiquen lao dpng, each tuduy va dae biet la kha
nang TL d mde dp khac nhau De tim hieu ve van de
nay, chiing tdl tien hanh khao sat 20 gia dinh tai cum
dan cu td'2, thi tra'n Cau Diln, huyen Tu Liem, thanh
phd Ha Npi (td thang 6/2012-6/2013)
2.Nhiing yeu toanh h v d n g den st/hinh ttianh,
phat trien tinh TL cho tre 3-5 tijoi
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ThS D A M THI V A N A N H "
anh hudng de'n su hinh thanh, phat trien tinh TL chP
tre 3-5 tuoi la su thong nhat quan diem cua cha me
trong giao due eon cai {95%}, tiep theo la thdi gian cha me tiep xue vdi tre (90%), trinh do hqc van eua chame(75%), diSukien vat chat cua gia dinh (70%), cac yeu to khac (65%) Tat ea cac yeu td nay deu co
moi quan he matthlet, anh hudng den suhinh thanh, phat trien tinh TL cho tre 3-5 tuoi
1)Stfthdhgnhatquandiem cuachametrong giao diJC con ca/dupc coi la mot trong nhutig yeu to
vo eung quan trpng de tre phat trien tinh TL 19/20 gia dinh dupe hoi da dong y vdl quan diem nay Deed the dat dupc ket qua tot trong qua trinh giao due con cai noi chung va hinh thanh tinh TL cho tre noi rieng, trong gia dinh, can co su thong nhat cao giua cac thanh vien ve phuong phap giao due eon, tranh tinh trang "trdng danh xudi, ken thdi ngupc", tao ra nhung anh hudng trai ehieu, khong tieh cue de'n qua trinh giao due tinh TL cho tre
2) Thdigian cha m e tiep xue vdi tre Qua khao
sat, 90% gia dinh cho ring thdi gian cha me tie'p xue vdi tre cdanh hudng de'n suhinh thanh, phattrien tinh
TL cua tre Trong qua trinh tro ehuyen, tiep xije vdi cac bae phu huynh, hau het cac bae eha me deu eho rling, ho can cd nhieu thdi gian hpn nda trong viee giao due con Hp da e d g i n g danh thdi gian de quan tam cham sdc, giao due con cai, nhung thdi gian nhu the van chua d d Cd 60% gia dinh dupc hdi ed thol gian tiep xiic, trd chuyen, chol vdi tre nhieu hdn
4 tieng/ngay
Hau het cac gia dinh, thdi gian tiep xue vol tre cua ngudi cha it hdn ngudi mp Tham chi cd gia dinh, ngudi cha thudng xuyen vang nha do edng viec (nhu di xay dung cong trinh, CP quan dxa, ) Theo ehung toi, eha hoac mecdqua it thdi gian tiep XUC vdi, gan gui vdi tre se anh hudng khong tdt den su phat trien cua tre Thdi gian tiep xue vdi tre cd mpt y nghia rat ldn bdi day chinh la yeu tdvd cCing quan trpng, tao
Bang tren cho thay, trong gia dinh, ye'u td'dlu tien *• Khoa Urn li - Giao due, TiUDng flai hQC ar pham Ka Ngi
Tap chi Gido dye so 316 21
Trang 2cung CO, udn n i n , boi dudng n h i ^ g kha nSng cua
con minh Dac biet, cha me luon la nhdng td'm guong
sang deeon cai hpc t | p , lam theo Khao s^t cho thay,
nhdng giadinhmacachavampd^u danh nhieu thdi
gian tiep xue, gan gui vdi tre thi kha ndng cua tre dupc
phat trien tdt hdn, trong do cd tinh TL
3) Trinh dg hgc van cua cha m f cung anhhucmg
Idn den vipc hinh thanh, phat trien tinh TL cho tre
(chiem den 75%) Ke't qua khao sat eho thay, trinh dp
hpc van cua cha mp tuong dd'i cao, ti le tdt nghiep
tmng hpc cp sd, trung hpe phd thong la 35%; ti le tdt
nghiep eao ding, dai hpc la 45% Thue tdcho thay, d
nhdng gia dinh cha me co trinh dp hpc vS'n cao, con
eai CO tinh TL eao hon so vdi gia dinh eha me cd hpe
van thap Tuy nhien, co nhung trudng hpp ngupc lai,
nhuchau Nguyen M A 5 tuoi, cha me co hpc van cao
nhung vi la con mdtnen dupc bdme rat cung chieu,
khdng mudn chau lam bat cdviec gi Ben canh dd, co
mpt sd tre sinh ra trong gia dinh ma cha me co trinh
dp hpe van thap nhung kha nang TL lai rat tdt Cha
me cac ehau cho biet, vi hp ban nhieu edng viee nen
mpi viee, td ve sinh ca nhan, an com, thu dpn dd
chPi, ehau deu tu lam
Nhu vay, trinh dp hpe van eua eha me ehi gop
phan vao viec glao due tinh TL cho tre d gia dinh chd
khong ddng vai tro quyet djnh
Qua khao satthuc trang, onhung gia dinh macha
mecotrinh dp eao d i n g , dai hpc deu edsuthdng nhat
trong viec glao due con, dae biet la giao dye tinh TL
Voisuhieu biet ve kien thdc giao due tre, hp luon c6su
ehi bao, udn nan va co nhung hanh dpng lam guong
cho con cai noi theo Ben eanh dd, cd nhung gla dinh
eha me cd hpc van nhung thdi gian tiep xue vdi con
qua it hoae ngupc lai, eham sdc con mdt each thai
qua, dap dng mpi yeu cau ddi hoi cua tre Jam thay tat
ca eae cdng viec cho con, Mpt sd bae phu huynh
quan niem r^ng tre cdn nho, ehua the tu lam mdt sd
viecnhutlmn}a,ehogaan, neude'trelamvdamat
thdi gian, co khi ngudi Idn phai lam lai hoac 'Ihu dpn
chien trudng", do dd ho lam luon cho nhanh Mpt sd
bae phu huynh lai cam doan, quat mIngmSikhltretu
lam mptviec gi dd Oleu nay segay anh hudng khdng
tdt den su hinh thanh va phat trie'n tinh TL cho tre
4) Bieu kien vat chat cua gia dinh la ye'u td dupe
danh gia kha cao trong su hinh thanh, phat trie'n tinh
TLchotre.Dieukipn vat cliatPday dupe hieu lanhung
dieu kien phgcvy cho nhu cau sinh hoat cua gia dinh,
td chuyen an mac, hpc hanh cua eon cai de'n viec
s i m sda nhCmg do dung trong gia dinh va nd ptiu
221 Tqp chi Giao dye so 316
mp 6 nhiJng gia dinh kha gia, cha me thudng co
ngh^ nghiep, thu nhgp dn dinh nen hp co nhilu thdi gian chSm lo ddn con cai Ngupc Igi, nhdng gia dinh
co mde sdng trung binh, th^m chi la ngheo thudng khong c6 nghe n^hi^p dn djnh, thu nhap bap b§nh
Hp phai danh nhieu thdi gian cho viec kie'm tien, dam bao cho cupc sdng hang ngay nen it d e y den glao due con cai, vi the, viec phat trien tinh TL cho tre g|p rat nhieu khd khan
5) Cac yeu to'khacnhu site khde cua tre, sdcon
trong m^t gia dinh, kinh nghi&m giao dye tre, kifi'n
thdc ve suphat tri^n tam sinh li tre, cung 6udc danli
gia la cd sii anh hudng nhat djnh de'n suhinh thanh, phat trien tinh TL cho tre 3-5 tud'l
3.Nhuvay,cdnhieuye'utdcdanhhudngd^vl$c giao due tre Trong do, trinh dp hpc van, su hieu bilt eua cha me gdp phan mang lai nhung quan diem dung d i n trong viec eham sdc va glao due tre, nhSt la ren luyen tinh TL cho tre Ngoai ra, dieu kien v^t chiit cua gia dinh, thdi gian cha me gan gui, tiep xue vdl tre, cung la nhi>ig yeu td thuan lpi de giup tre phat trien tinh TL 0 nhung gia dinh c d s i / t h ^ g nhaitquan diem ve npi dung, phuang phap giao due con thudng tao ra dupe nhung anh hudng tich cue ddi vdi tre Cac bae phy huynh ludn mong muo'n co nhieu thdi gian hon de eham sdc, giao dye tre mdt each dung dim phu hop va khoa hpc Do vay, viec trao da kmh nghiem giao due giua nha tn/dng va gia dinh can dupc t i ^ hanh mpt each thudng xuyen
Ren luyen tinh TL cho tre trong giai dogn 3-5 tudi la vo cung can thiet Thuc te cho thay, tre cdthe
tu lam dupe rait nhieu viec tu phuc vu ban than va giup cha me mot sdcdng viec nhe nhang, phi) hpp vdi sde minh.Tre chl cdthe liinh tlianh vaphat trien tinh TL thdng qua hoatdpng va b^ng hoat dpng Vi the, cha me can tao moi tnidng hoat ddng cho tre,
de tre ed the thuc hien cong vi^c mdt each TL Ben canh do, six chl bao, khich Ip, dpng vien tre tO' cha
me va nhdng ngudi than khac trong gia dinh khi tre thuc hien va hoan thanh cdng viec la vd eiing quan trpng, gitip tre pha'n cha'n, thich tliu va tutin hon vao nang luc cua ban than D
Tdi li£u tham khao
1 Ph^m Khdc Chirang Gido d^c gia ffinh NXB Gido
d(ic,H.\999
2 NgO CPng Ho^n Tfim h hpc gia dinh NXB Bifi
hgc su phgm, HA993
(Xem 0p trang 36)
-(ki 2-8/2013)
Trang 3saeh'(Khoa hoc 4), G V cdthdeho cac em: kdchuyen,
dpc nhung eau thp lien quan den chu de bai hpc {tri
tue ngdn ngu}; thi ve tranh, phac hpa nhdng hinh anh
lien quan den bao ve bau khdng khi (tri tup khdng
gian, tri tue tu nhien hpe); thuyet trinh ve nhdng bdc
tranh vda ve (tri tue giao tiep, van dpng); hat bai hat
ho^c sang tac bai hat, dieu mua, lien quan den chu
de bao ve moi tnrdng (tri tue am nhac)
Qua nghien edu vathuc nghiem, eothdthdy, viee
tdchdc DH b§ng ban dd tuduy tao ra moi trudng hpc
tap da tri tue, Phupng phap DH ban dd tu duy huy
dpng nhieu tri thong minh p HS, nang eao hieu qua
DH, gdp phan phat trien toan dien eho HS Theo do,
tdchdc DH b i n g ban do tuduy:
1} Mddau bai hpe, GV eho HS nghien cdu tai lieu,
dpc tham SGK (phat huy tri tue npi tam, ngdn ngd)
2) HS thap luan nhdm, \ap ve npi dung, dudi su
d i n dat, gpi y cua G V (phat huy tri tue giao tiep)
3) HS thiet lap ban do tu duy ve bai hpc (phat huy
tri tue ngdn ngu, togic, khdng gian) vi ban dd tuduy la
su ket hpp ca dudng net, mau sac, chd viet va cdthe
ve them cac hinh anh lien tudng trong thue te cude
sdng, trong thien nhien vao ban do tu duy (tri tue tu
nhien hpc)
4) HS thuyet trinh veban do tuduy trudc nhom,
ldp Viec thuyet trinh can ca ngddieu, am dieu, dieu
bp co the (phat huy tri tue giao tiep, hinh the dpng
nang, am nhac)
Vi du, tdchuc DH bai Bao vebau khong khi trong
saeh (Khoa hoc 4) bang ban do tu duy, GV td ehuc
eho HS: 1 Nghien edu tai lieu, saeh giao khoa; 2 thao
luan nhom, to; 3 HS lap ban dd tuduy; 4 HS thuyet
trinh trudc Idp v l ban do tu duy
T R O H G S « C H
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\
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* > KM6NQ
/ 5
•^ss
Hin
— ^ y
gir:;rr
^^r*
*^:r— S
• - "
-da tri tue, -da phuong lien; Giup GV biel phat huy nhflng I l i l manh cua ri§ng minh, tim ra phi/ong phap DH loi uu nhSft cho tflng bai hpc va tflng doi Iflflng HS, biS't i<hoi d^y, phat huy liem nang v l i r i Ih6ng minh da dang 6 HS; Giup cha me HS danh
thflc, Vna\ dSy va l?o dieu l(ien, moi trudng lot phat
triS'n Iri t h i n g minh i5 con em minh; giup cac em HS ti;tin hon trong hpc tap Lam dfloc d i l u do, ohungta
se giup m l i HS phat huy toi da nang iflc l u duy noi trpi cua minh,toa sang va thanh c i n g hon trong hpc tap cung nhfl trong c u l c song Q
Ban d l t f l d u y v l Bao ve bau Ithong Ithi trong saeh
gom 2 nhanh: nhanh Nen (mau xanh), Khong nen
(mau do) trinh bay noi dung bai hpc mpt each day du,
chi liet, iogic, mach iac, hinh thflc dep,
Hieu ro ve thuyet da tri lue: giup nha trfldng, tao
36 Tap chi Giae due so 316
T^i lUu tham khdo
1 TrSn Dinh Chau - DJng Thi Thu Thuy Dsy teft, hpc
tjft cdc mOn h9c biing bdn d6 tuduy NXB Gido due
VieiNam.H.lOtl
2 Howard Gardner Cff ctu tri khOn, NXB CiiiO((|(c,
H 1997
3 Thomas Armstrong Da tri tu? trong l*p hpc NXB
Gidodiic Vift Nam H 2011
4 Thomas Armstrong Ban thdng minli hon ban nghi
NXB Lao dfng - Xd hdi H 2011
5 Tony Buzan The Memory Book Published by BBC Active, 2010
SIMMARY
The article presents main ideas about the theory
of mulUple intelligence by Howard Gardner and bow
to use it to innovate teaching methods In secondary schools and encourage diverse inteltigences in students.thus improving the effecUveness of a com-prehensive educaUon
Cac yeu to trong gia dinh
(Tiep theo trang 22)
3 Nguyfin Thj My Lpe "VS tinh tyr lire cua tre em
iTMdc tudi di hpc" T^p chi Nghiin cuu gido d^c, sff
11/1989
4 Nguyln Thi A.nh Tuygt TSm b' h^c tri em Ilia tudi
mSm non NXB D(ii hoc supham, H 1994
Self-stablllza Uon is a quality of personality, being formed during operation, and have great signiScioi^ for h uman development It impacts essentially on the development of preschoolers' personality T/ie/amfi^', has a large Influence on developing a child's sea-reliance, besides ive can regard other factors such
as their parents' education level, ffnanclal conditions ofthe famity, parents' time for their children, par-ents'consolidation In the view point of educating their children and other factors