IJiNH DAO SANG TAO VA SI I VAN OUNG LANH DAO SANG TAO TROho fRUaWQ HOC NGUYEN THU TRANG'''' 1 "Lanh dao s6ng t^io" (LOST) la mptkhainipm mdi, neu len mdi quan he giua sang tao (ST) va lanh tfao(LO) Theo[.]
Trang 1IJiNH DAO SANG TAO VA SII VAN OUNG LANH DAO SANG TAO
TROho fRUaWQ HOC
NGUYEN THU TRANG'
1 "Lanh dao s6ng t^io" (LOST) la mptkhainipm
mdi, neu len mdi quan he giua sang tao (ST) va lanh
tfao(LO)
Theo Puccio,Murdockva Mance (2007), dcap
dp ca ban nha't, cd the hieu ST nhu la su san sinh
ra nhung y tudng "mdi la" va "hiJu ich" Neu nhu
den eon ngudi, bdi canh va kel qua, thi "LOST"
dupc djnh nghTa la kha nang van dung tri tudng
tupng nhlm xae djnh va d i n d l l nhdm (hoac td
chdc) hudng tdi mdt mue tieu mdi me, Theo dd,
eac nha LD cd anh hudng sau sle va tich cue tdi
mditrudng, hoan canh cting nhucac ea nhan trong
cac mdi tn/dng dd, Tri tudng luang duac nha LO
su dyng de' xay dyng vien canh tuai mdi ctia to
chuc ma ho mong mud'n hudng tdi
Komives, Lucas & MeMahon (2007) cho ring,
LOST nhu la quy trinh bien nhung ytudng Ihanh nhung
thaydatich cuc.Quan diem LOST cdng nhan viec LO
khai thae cac hieu bilt v l ST; nhan manh khia canh
quan he va gay anh hudng eiia LO, xac dinh cac muc
tteu quan trpng trong bdi canh ciia the ki XXI
2 Nhirng pham chat cua lanh dao sang tao
Trong cud'n sach T h e Adult learner, A
Neglected Species", tac gia Malcolm Knowles (Dai
hoc Queensland, 1983) da neu ra 8 nguyen li cua
LOST, gom:
1) Bua ra mpt loat nhung gia dinh khac nhau
(mang tinh tich cue) veban chat cua con ngudi
Nha LOST cd nilm tin vao con nguiji, lao eho nhan
vien nhungcphpiedtinh thach th tic va giao phdtrach
nhiem cho hp, Khi nhan thay ban ttian cung "edquyen
Iyc", cac nhan vien se lam viec ST hon, hieu qua hon
va thanh qua ma hpdat duoc se Idn han
2) Co sit cam ket dmuc do tuong xung do) vdi
mptquyeidinh mahpdatham giavaoquatrinh ra
quyei dinh do Vi vay, trong tiing bude lap ke hoach,
nha LOST can co ngh^ thuat, xae djnh dung ddi tuang
hudng tdi va ea mdi trudng xung quanh
3} Tin tudng va biet each van dung sue manh
cua kha nang ttr tien doan cua ban than
8 Tap chi Giao due so 314
Nha LOST hieu ring con ngudi coxu hudng lam theo
sy mong dai cua ngudi khac dd'i vdi minh
4)0anhgiaeaogiatrlbanlhan.Conr\giicli^uit]^
ttiehiendmdtmtitdpcaohonkhihpdupcbdclpnhiJng ttie manh, sdtn/dng, tai nang ya muc lieu duy nhj&cua minh hon la khi hp phai cd ging phii hpp vdi mot so _ nhiem vy dupc giao mgt each ap dat va khudn mau .^~
5) Khuyen Ichich va khen thudng tinh S r N I ^
LOST hieu ring, trong mpt the'gidi vdi nhifng sy da thay nhanh chdng, sy ST la yeu cau eo ban dem^oa nhan, cac tochuc va ea xa hdi tdn tai Hp the hi^n tinh
ST trong chinh hanh vi cua minh valao ra mdt moi' tnjdng nham khieh le va khen thudng tinh ST cua nhimg ngudi khac
6) Luon tan tam vdi mpt qua trinh thay da, lien tuc va thanh thao each dieu khien suthay^ doi do Nha LOST hieu sy khac nhau giua cac iS
chiic ITnh" va to chtic "ddng", dong thdi mong muon thuc day tinh ST trong id chdc ciia minh
7) Nhan manh viec thiic day "npi luc" half
"ngoailuc" Uha LOST hieu ring thanh tieh, suphat
tfien, hoan thanh cdng viec, tinh than trach nhi^m va chuc, sy giam sat, lien iuong, dja vj, khdng phaila dieu thiet yeu dedal dutfe hieu suat cao
8) Khieh IS ngudi khae tu dinh hudng bin than LOST nhan thdc mdt each tryc giac vettidi gian
- dd la mdt dac tinh pho' qual ciia qua trinh tn/dng thanh; la su chuyen ddi Id trang thai phy thupc sang trang thai cua su ty dinh hudng ban than
3 Giao due can den nhtrng nha LOST "''
Nhimg phan tich tren day cho ttiay, nha LOST ddng vai trd tien quyel den sy phat trien mot t^ chiic
ST 0 dau cd nha LOST, noi dd se duoc phatlrien, mpt each toan dien khdng chi d khia Cqinh Igri nhuan
ma quan trpng hon la sy phat trien con ngudi Trong
G D, sy hien dien cua cac nha LOST la dilu kien thuan loi detilm nang ST cua dpi ngii nha giao duqrc b$c Id
* Vim NgtiiiD cilli ia phat triea giita iw - Sd KH-CN Iti Mpi
Trang 2sa'fjg teo (HTST) vl nhiing li do sau:
1} Truong hpc sang tao la nhin td'quan trpng
d^hSthShg GD phattrien,C6{her\o\,6$con ngm
cdthehpcST mptcach tdtrhatvasdmnhatcd^l, mdi
Theo li thuyet he thd'ng, mdi trudng hpc la mpt
"phantd'eija helhd'ng GD.Trorg qua trinh phatlrien
cua he Ihdng,cae tn/dng hpe phai tuan theo cai ehung
ciia nen GD nhu trilt li GD, cache quan li, chuong
trinh hpc, Song ben canh dd, mdi truting hpe lai ed
tinh dpc lap tuong ddi; cd mdc dp lydo nhat djnh; ed
nhQng chiic nang rieng biet va duae phep van ddng
the trd thanh trudng hpe sang tao, ma d dd mpi sang
kien day hpc deu ed kha nang bien thanh hien thuc
Vai trd cua nha LO ta/dng hpc la ST ra nhiing viln
eanh cua trudng hpc, xay dung ke hoach chien iupc
phatlrien va uu lien sudung nguon Iyc cho ST
2} Day - hpc ludn la qua trinh ST Day hpc la
quatrinh lai lao tri IhUc Song trong mdtthlgidi khdng
ngiing bien doi vdi lupng thdng tin vd cting phong phti
thi ngudi thay khdng edn ddng vai trd "ddc quyen tri
th tic" nua Cd rat nhieu cdng cu giup ngudi hpc CO the
khai thac thdrg tin, chiem llnh tri tht/c Do dd, vai trd
each sd hdu eac tri ihiic tu cae cdng cu hpc tap Qua
trinh day hpc bien thanh quatrinh ma trong do ngudi
huu ich cho minh Dieu dd ed nghTa la, qua trinh day
hoc bien thanh qua trtnh tuhoc Va do dd, qua trinh
day hpc hien dai hien huu tinh ST, thay vi sy nhdi
nhet, thy ddng nhu each day hpe truyen thd'ng,
Oequa trinh day hpc dupe dien ra nhuvay, khdng
chiban than ngudi hpc phai thay ddi nhan thuc, ngudi
dgy phai mgnh dan thay ddi trong phuang phap, ma
cdn can den mdt nhan idvd ciing quan trpng, dd ia
cho suST Khdng ai khae, chinh cac nha LD trudng
hpc la ngudi ed traeh nhiem va ed kha nang nhilu
nhlt trong viec xay dyng mdi trudng day hpc ST, Ve
khia canh v|t chit, HT nha trudng can cd cai nhin
long quat trang viec thay ddi canh quan trudng hpc
sao cho nao bd ngudi hpc duoc kich thich tdt nhat d
gdc dp tinh than, ngoai viee biet cdng nhan va khuyen
khich lydo ST cua mdi giao vien, hpc sinh , HT nha
trudng cln din d l l cac ca nhan, cae nhdm va tap the
lan nhau
va din dit hpe sinh ST Trong nha trudng phd'
thdng d Viet Nam hien nay, van cdn hien tupng giao ciia hp mdi each edng nhac theo kieu chap hanh menh lenh tdtren xudng Soan giao an, ten Idp, danh gia hpc sinh , lat ca deu phai thyc hien dting theo cae hudng dan cu the, phan phdi chuong trinh chi tilt,.,, cung nhU chju su kiem tra, thanh tra, giam sat nghiem ngat ciia eac cap quan li Kieu quan li nay ciia minh, song d mdc dp nao dd lai kim ham sy ty
do ST eua hp, Ivludncholiem nang STcuaGV dupe bdc Id, ngutirt HTST tnjtic het ein tin tudng rang: vdi trinh dp ehuyen mdn va Idng say me nghe nghiep, GV cdthe dan dat hpc sinh ST bing eac phuang phap day hpc ST mpt each tdt nhat, Khi duac LO tin tudng giao phd, ehic chan hp seed them ddng lue deST, ST-dupe xet den khdng ehilatiem nang ctia ngudi lao ddng, mad khia canh nhu cau, pham chat nay duoe hieu la nhu eau
mong muon duac tu the hien ban than minh
(theo Maslow, day la nhu clu eao nhlt trong bae thang nhu cau ctia con ngudi trong to ehiie) Cdthe noi, HTST la nhan tdquan trpng edihelam nen nhilu thay ddi trong GD Vi mpi thay ddi trong
GD, dli duoc nghien Cliu kT ludng ve mat li Ihuyet den dung trong tiing trudng hpe, di den vdi tiing hoc sinh Mudn vay, nhat thiet cac trudng hpc phai cd nhi/ng
HT lien phong trong ST, ludr biet "quan sat, tu duy
va hanh dprg mdt each khac biet nhlm tang co hdi ddi vdi ngudi hpc" (Stoll& Tempertey, 2009)
4 Nhung dac diem cua HTST
1)Cd tam nhin chien lupc mang tinh ST.UISI
ludn bill hlnh dung v l "vien canh" cua nha trudng ST vd^ cac sang kiln day hpc dem lai cai mdi va eai hdu ich eho ngudi hpc, nguiji day va cho xahpi Viln canh dddupc the hien trong eac tuydn bdvesumenh, tam nhin, gia In ciia nhatrudng eung nhuduac ke hoach hda trong k l hogch ehien luae phal trien nha In/dng
2) Yeu thich va hieu biei veST M udn xay dyng
mdt truijng hpc ST, ddi hdi HT phai yeu thich sy ST, tlic la CO ham mud'n ddi mtji'valao ra nhung gia tri mdi eho tnj'dng hpc, tmyen nhiel huyet tdi cho tap the su phgm nha trudng; cd nhiing kiln thdc ea ban ve ST, sr/ioc(Creatology), ve cac quy luat ctia ST,.,, de c6 thevan dung trong cac quatrinh ra quyet djnh va giai quyet van de Khi nha LOcdtu duy va kTnang tuduy
Tap chi Gido due so 314 9
Trang 3thyc hien thanh cdng
3) La ngudi dang lin c$y valuon tin tudng giao
vien HT phai ludn tin tudng ring giao vien eung cd
ham mudn va kha nang ST Nilm tin ddphaiduoc biln
thanh nhifng co chl, quylt djnh cy the danh cho giao
vier cua nha Irudng trong viec khuyen khich su ST
cuon va cho phep giao vien tham gia nhilu hon vao
cac quylt djnh cua nha Iruiimg, danh gia va uu tien
khen Ihudng cho nhiing y tudng ST; ed sydam bao an
loan, chip nhan mao hiem cho nhung ST ciia GV - vi
an chua trong ST bao gid ciing cd rui ro,
Nghien ciiu cua Stoll & Temperiey eho thay, noi
rao ma tap the giao vien, nhan vien khdng dal nilm
tin vao ngudi LD Ihi hose khdng sin sang eho nhdng
ST Cd the ndi, uy tin ctia HT la dieu kien quan trpng
hang dau dengudi day cdng hien tai nang cua minh
chonhalruijng
4) Co nang luc tochuc day hgc ST Day la
nang lue ca ban nhat cua HT Tren co sd ciia nang
Iyc tu duy ST, HT cln to chdc qua trinh day hoe sao
eho ngudi day va ngudi hpc cd the phat huy duoc td'i
da kha rang ST, eu the: xay dt/ng moi Irudng dgy hoc
ST (tan dung mdi trutjng ly nhien, thiet kimdi tn/dng
cd dung y su pham, xay d i ^ g van hda nha tivdng);
cd nang Iyc huy ddng va sddung eae ngudn lye phuc
ICT, ) Cang nhieu thdng tin se eang ed ea hdi san
sinh ra nhung y tudng ST; do dd, ta/dng hpc nlu cd
day du cac cdng cu ICT thi quatrinh dgy hpe cang d l
dang kiln tao ra nhung tri thuc mdi, san pham md^,
Nhung dac diem tren khiduoc nghien cdu kT ludng
theo hudng liep can nang lye ed the xay dung md
hinh nang lye eua nha lanh dao ta/dng hpc ST, gdp
phln vao quatrinh dao tao bdi dudng cung nhu danh
gia nang lye eua dpi ngu HT trong quatrinh thyc hien
ddi mdi GD Neu chung ta tin tudng ring mpi ngutii
diu ed kha nang ST va ST cd the hpc dupe, thi viec
moi HT trd thanh nha LO ta/dng hpe ST la tat yeu
Dilu quan trpng !a hp cd dam vupt qua cac rao can v l
van hda va nhung rang bupc trong co ehe quan li de
tao nen bude dot pha hay khdng? U
T&i li^u tham khio
1 Dircmg Xuan Bao C i c miu ctiuy^n v£ phmmg
ph^p lu^insing tao NXB Gido d{ic, H 2007
2 Phan DQng Cac quy lu$t ph^t trien h^ thfi^ng(quy^n
101 Tgp chi Giao due so 3 1 4
trinyng hgc Vi^t Nam nhir thg nfio?" Tftp chf Qudn H
^ido d{jc sd 33 thfing 12/2012
4 Jeffrey D,Zacko-Smiib - Gerard I.Puccio - Marie Mance Creative leadership: Wekome to the 21"
century Academic Exchange Quarterly, 2010
5 Louise StoJi-Julie Temperiey Creative leadership:
schallenge of our limes School leadership and Management: Formerly School Organisation, 2009
6 Pat Thom,son Crealive leadership: a new category
or more of the same ? Journal of educational administration and history (vol.43), 2010
7 h tlp://www, nea.gov/resources/lessons/MCCANN2 HTML
SUMMARY
Lumsdalne said: TO find the answer In school, we need knowledge To find the answer tn life, we need creaUvHy" Therefore If educaUon ia to sever life, why
do not we learn the creativity from school ?Forschooi
to teach and learn creatively, first of all the headS school should pioneer, recoffiizeandeigjiolt theawar^ ness of creativity In order to organize teaching and leadership This article would like to point some
sd-en tific opinions on creaUve leadership and the apf# caUon of creaUve leadership in schools |
Quan li chat lirgng Oao tao
(Tiep theo trang 7}
Xay dyng phong each Iam viec mdi phu hop vdi sijT phat then dan tri, tiep can, hpi nhap qudc te nhlm tan dung mpi ca hdi phatlrien he thdng day nghl ngang tam khu vye va qude t l , Q
(1) NguySn Quang Toan, ISO 9000 v i TQM - Thift lap hf thtfng quan If t^p trung vao chA't lug'ng
TP.Hd Chi Minh.2m\
Tai li^u tham khdo
1, NguySn Minh Diiiyng • Phan Vfln Kha DSo t^O nhSn
\ijK ddp ling y£u cSu cdng nghidp h6a, hifn dai h<)a
trong di£u ki^n kinh t£ thj tnrdtig, to&n cAu bda vi
hOi nhap quOc ti NXB Dfii hpc qudc gia Hd Npi 2006
2 Matsusshita Konosuke Qudn li ch£t linrnS '^ &^
nXBLaod^ng.H 1999,
SUMMARY
Vocational training to meet the needs of the socielyis the most crucial goal of the vocational train-ing system In order to achieve this goal, we should
be fully aware of skills, vocaUonal training forras andfactois affectlngthe quality ofvocatlonal training ao management aproach can be built In accordance with the specilic condiUons of each training facility