DliNDANGtAOPyC Mpt s6 vin &h ve quan ly nha nUdc ddi vdi cac triTdng dai hpc tiTthuc d iwi&c ta hien nay TS VC ANH TUAN* ThS PHAN TBI NH^T TAI''''* 1 Trubng dai hgc tuthue (hay ebn goi Ik trudng dai hgc[.]
Trang 1Mpt s6 vin &h ve quan ly nha nUdc ddi vdi cac triTdng dai hpc tiTthuc d iwi&c ta hien nay
TS VC ANH TUAN* - ThS PHAN TBI NH^T TAI'*
1 Trubng dai hgc tuthue (hay ebn goi Ik trudng
dai hgc tulkp, dkn Ifip) la rafl hinh giao due dfi
ra dm kha Ifiu va phfl' bifi'n d d e nude trdn t h i
gidi, dac bifit la eae nude phat trie'n nhu My, Nhfit
Ban, Due, OxtifiyHa Tuy nhifin, khi quy dinh ve
tnrong dai hgc tuthue (DHTT), hiu het d e nudc khdng
dinh ngMa cu the' ma chi dua ra d c dkc dilra dl xac
dinh the nao la ttudng DHTT Theo dd, dua vao hai
can cii quan tiong nha't: chu the thanh lap va Mnh pM
hoat ddng eua nha trubng tM trudng DHTT la trubng
dupe thknh lap bdi bk't M chu the nao khdng phai la
nhk nudc va kinh phi hoat dflng eua trubng Ik ngoki
ngfin sach qufl'c gia
0 ViOt Nam, hai tieu chi tren ciing da timg la co
sd dd' nha nudc xac dinh d e loai Mnh doanh nghifip:
doanh nghiep nhk nudc (doanh nghiOp qudc doanh)
vk doanh nghidp dfin doanh (doanh nghidp ngoai
qud'c doanh) Tuong tu, cae trubng dai hpc ciing duoc
ehia ra thknh dai hgc cfing lap vk dai hgc ngoki cdng
lap dua theo each xac dinh loai hinh doanh nghidp
trdn Khoan 1, Difi'u 48 Lukt Giao due nfim 2005
(sua dd'i, bd' sung nam 2009) quy dinh: "a/ Trudng
cdng lap Id trudng do nhd nudc thdnh ldp, ddu tuxdy
dung CO sd vdt chdt, bdo ddm kinh phi cho ede nhiim
vu chi thuong xuyin; b I Trudng ddn ldp do cdng ddng
ddncudcosdthdnhldp,ddutuxdydungcas&vdtchdt
vd ddm bdo kinh phi hoqt ddng; c I Trudng tu thue do
* Hgc vidn Chfnh trj - HAnh chfnh khu vuc III
"Daihgc Duy TAn, DA NSng
cdc tdchdcxd hdi, tdchucxd hdi - nghi nghiip, tSchdc kinh tihodc cd nhdn thdnh ldp, ddu tuxdy dimg casd vdt chdt vd ddm bdo kinh phi hoqt ddng bdng von ngodi ngdn sdeh nhd nudc"
Tren thuc tfi', d e trudng dai hgc ngoM dng Ifip da timg tin tai dudi d e Mnh thiie: dai hoe ban cfing, dai hpe dfin lap va DHTT Tuy nMfin, theo quy dinh MOn hanh thi khfing edn thknh Ifip d c tnrong dai hpc dan Ifip vk nhu vky, ttudng dai hpc ngoki cfing lap cM ran rad hinh dai hgc ban cfing (tradng dai hoc dupe thknh lap ttrnguon vd'n d nha nudc vk cua tunhkn) va DHTT HiOn nay, nhk nudc dang timg bude chuyen dii dan trubng dai hoe ban edng sang DHTT, boi vi thue te eho thfi'y, nhieu tnrong dai hpc ban cdng hoat dfing thuc chfi't la trudng tu nhung nup bdng nhk nude Vi the, viee chuyen dd'i mfi Mnh trubng dai hoc ban rang sang trubng DHTT Ik vide lam d n tMfi't de tach bad ro rkng hon giua cflng va tu tiong Hnh vuc quan ly nha nudc ve giao due dai hpe
Nhu vfiy, cd the Meu trubng DHTT Ik mfit co so giao due dai hgc thugc hfi thfi'ng giao due qufi'c dkn, do
d c d nhfin hoac to chiic thknh Ifip vk boat dfing bai^ vfi'n ngoki ngfin sach nha nude
2 Qua hon 20 nam ton tai vk phat ttie'n, cac trudng DHTT da gdp phin khfing nho vko viOc thuc MOn chu ttuong da dang hda, xa hdi hda giao due ya thue MOn quyin hpc tap cua cfing dfin d nude ta Didu nky t h i hien ro qua vific khdng ngimg tang so lupng eac trubng dai hgc: 17 trudng (1999 - 2004) vk din
Trang 2nam hpe 2010 - 2011: 45 trudng (chie'm ty 10 31%
tfl'ng sfi' dai hgc ea nudc) Su ra ddi va phat trifi'n cua
cac trudng DHTT trong thM gian qua khdng chi dap
ling nhu elu hoc tap ngay ckng tang cua nhfin dfin
mk con tao ndn rapt mfl hinh quan Iy giao due mdi:
nkng dflng va mlm deo, phii hop vdi xu hudng hdi
nhfip qud'c td'
Tuy nMdn, bfin canh dd nhilu trudng DHTT ciing
bdc Id mfit s i han chfi', bfi't cfip da lkm Inh hudng
khdng nho tdi vM trb eua loai hinh dko tao nky:
2.1 Vi cosd vdt chdt: Khoan 5, dilu 2 Quyd't dinh
07/2009/QD-TTg ngky 15 -1 - 2009 quy dinh chi tidu
binh qukn diOn tieh dfi't/sinh vidn (SV) la 25 m^/SV,
diOn tieh nhk da xfiy dung dua vko su- dung binh
qufin td'i thie'u 9 mVSV, didn tich eho hgc tfip td'i
tMe'u 6 ra^/SV va sinh hoat Ik 3 mVSV Mae dii vky,
dd'n hfi't nam 2009 td'ng didn tich dfi't dai ciia 32
tradng trong ngi thanh thknh phfi' Ho Chi Minh la
256,2 ha, binh qufin 12,9 m^/SV, chi dat radt nua
miie quy dinh Trong do, ed 7/31 trudng d miic rat
thk'p: chl ed tir 0,4 m^ - 9 mVSV nhu; trubng Dai hgc
Qufi'c te'Hong Bang la 0,51 m^/SV; Dai hoc Van Lang:
0,64 m^/SV; Dai hgc Ngoai ngu - Tin hpc: 0,46 m^/
SV; Dai hgc Hoa Sen: 3,27 m^/SV^ Dieu nay da anh
hudng khdng nhd tdi chfi't luong day va hgc ciia d c
tirubngDHTT
2.2 Vi ddi ngugidng van (GV): Khoan 4, dieu 2 cua
quye't dinh ndi tten quy dinh so luong va chfi't lupng
Mo hinh trudng dai hoc tu thuc
ddi ngii giang vidn, nhfin vidn khi thanh Ikp trubng la: khfing qua 10 SV/GV dd'i vdi ngknh dko tao nang kMeu;
15 SV/GV dd'i vdi nganh khoa hgc - ky thuat va cdng nghO; 25 SV/GV dd'i vdi ngknh khoa hgc - xa hdi va nhfin vfin, kinh t l - quin tri kinh doanh
Ty 10 SV/GV ciia ca nudc Men nay trung binh Ik
28 SV/GV, theo Bp Giao ducva Dao tao, con so nay cdng Ik da qua cao so vdi quy dinh The nhung, kd't qua tu hoat dpng giam sat cua Uy ban Thudng vu Qufl'c hdi cho tha'y, d mdt so' trudng DHTT thi ty Id nay d muc dang bao ddng: Dai hoc Ngoai ngu - Tin hgc thknh phfi' Ho CM Minh; 47^3 SV/GV, Dai hpc Tfiy Do: 44,2 SV/GV, Dai hgc Qufl'c te Hong Bkng: 40,2 SV/GV Vdi thuc td'dd, khdng ai dam khang dinh vl viOc dam bao chfi't lugng day va hpc trong cac trudng DHTT
2.3 Vi CO cdu t6 chuc vd hoqt ddng: Mo hinh cac
trubng DHTT MOn nay dupe xay dung gid'ng hokn toan loai hinh doanh nghiep cdng ty co phan
Thuc te' cho thay, md hinh do khdng phu hop vdi
d c trudng DHTT pM Igi nhufin vi trong bg may quan
ly trudng DHTT phi lgi nhufin phai to'n tai hdi dfl'ng trudng nhu d c trudng dai hgc cdng Ifip Hdi ding trudng la tap the, ca nhan dai didn cho nguIn vfln khdng phfin chia cua trudng; cd quyen tham gia vao hoat ddng quan ly de giam sat va dd'i trpng vdi hfii dong quan tri trudng - noi quyen lire tap trung vko chu thi cd nMeu vd'n
Mo hinh cong ty c6 phan Dai HDCD
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17-01-2011,
Trang 3Vi the', mfl hinh trubng DHTT nhutren chi cd thi
phil hpp vdi nhiing trudng DHTT vi lgi nhukn, ngMa
lfi hoat dgng gid'ng nhu rapt cfing ty cl phin, Tuy
nhien, quy che to chiic vk hoat dfing ciia trudng DHTT
lai ed nhirng quy dinh rfi't so ski vk bfi't cfip so vdi quy
dinh ciia Lufit Doanh nghifip 2005 dfi'i di cfing ty ed'
phin Vi du: Lufit Doanh nghiep quy dinh eu thfi've
chiie nkng, nhifira vu vk quyin han dai hfli ding cfi'
dflng cua edng ty nhung quy ehd'tl chiic vk hoat d()ng
ciia trubng DHTT iai khfing ed nhung quy dinh tuong
tu vl dai hfli dong cd' dflng cua nd Dieu nky dii^e eoi
la mpt trong nhung nguydn nhfin khid'n cho vide dilu
hknh va quan Iy d eac trudng DHTT trong thM gian
qua ed nhieu mku thuan vk xung ddt rak bao chi dk
timg thdng tin
2.4 Vi nghfa vu tdi ehinh: Hiu hd't eae trudng
DHTT khi thanh Ifip deu neu ton chi Ik hoat dflng
khdng vi Ipi nhufin, nhkra tranh nhtrng nghia vu vk
hudng nhiing uu dfii, chinh sach eua Nhk nudc trong
qua trinh xa hgi hda giao due Tuy nhien tren thuc
thd, da phin cac trudng chay theo loi nhukn, quan
tam viec tuyen sinh cang nhilu cang tfi't dl tang
nguon thu, trong khi cae yeu elu ve dieu Men eo sd
vfit chfit vk dfii ngu giang vifin dap ling chua dii
Trong kM dd, d Hoa Ky, eac trubng dai hoc tu chi
duoc thira nhkn la to chiic phi Ipi nhufin vk duoc
hudng nhiing ehinh sach uu dki sau kM da tie'n hanh
mgt quy trinh Me'm tra chat ehe vl thue vk lukt
phap chii khfing phai ehi dua vao khfi'u Meu hay muc
tieu, su menh ma nhk trudng cdng bd' Dieu nay cho
thky rafit "lfi hong" rat dang Io ngai trong quan Iy
nha nudc dd'i vdi cae trudng DHTT Men nay
Trudc thuc trang dd, yeu ciu khach quan va cfi'p
thid't hidn nay Ik phai ed co ehe phap ly hokn thidn
de dieu chinh hoat ddng cac trudng DHTT nhkm eae
mue tieu: dam bao hidu qua hoat ddng eua cac trubng
DHTT theo muc tieu de ra; dara bao hoat ddng cac
trubng DHTT trong khudn kho phap lufit quy dinh;
dara bao quyfin, Igi ieh hgp phap cua nhk dau tir,
dam bao quyfin, Igi icH hpp phap eua nhung ngudi ed
Hdn quan: ngudi hpc, giang vidn, nhfin vidn, ngudi
quanly, nhk nudc
3 Quan ly nhk nudc trong Hnh vue giao due - dko
tao ndi chung va dfi'i vdi cae trubng DHTT ndi rifing
la mfit bp phan quan trong bfic nhfi't trong td'ng thd'
quan Iy nha nudc trdn cac Hnh vuc eo ban cua dm
sd'ng xk hfli Lufit Giao due MOn hknh quy dinh: Nhk nudc thfi'ng nhat quan ly he thfl'ng giao due qufi'c dkn
vl muc tifiu, chuong trinh, ngi dung, kd' hoach giao due, tifiu chui'n nhk giao, quy chl thi eu, hO thd'ng vfin bkng, ehung chi; tkp trung quan Iy chfi't lugng giao due, thuc MOn phfin cfing, phfin cfip quan Iy giao due, tkng eudng quyin tir chu, tu chiu trach nMem cua eo sd giio due Nhiing nfii dung chu yd'u ciia quan
ly nha nudc vl giao due - dko tao duge quy dinh tiong lufit trdn Theo dd, trubng DHTT sfi chiu suqulnly eua Bd Giao due - Dko tao vk chiu su quan Iy hknh ehinh theo lanh t h i ciia uy ban nhkn dan cfi'p tinh noi trubng dkt tru sd theo quy dinh eua Lufit Giao due vk Quy ehd'tl chiie, hoat ddng cua trubng DHTT Quan Iy nhk nudc doi vdi cac trubng DHTT phai dap ling cac ydu ciu vira thue hidn tot ehue nkng giam sat, vira dam bao duge chat luong dko tao nhung vin phat huy dupe tinh tu chu cua cac trubng DHTT la dilu khflng phai don gian Bdi le, hoat dflng giao due khfing don thuin la hoat dflng xk hoi thfing thudng,
ma nd ebn gan vdi he thd'ng giao due ehinh tri, giao due tutudng ciia nin giao due
Thue trang quan Iy nhk nudc doi vdi d c trubng DHTT Men nay cho thfi'y, ebn ed khdng it nhiing ban chfi', bat d p d n dupe nhin nhfin thfi'u dao de d hudng khac phuc Mp thbi, Meu qua:
• Ve khudn kho phap Iy, ran tMeu nhiing quy pham phap lufit xac dinh vM ttb, ttach nhiem cu thi d a co quan nhk nude cd thfi'ra quyin tiong trubng hpp thu hoi gifi'y chung nhfin diu tu; khfic phuc su can tMfip qua sfiu eua co quan quan Iy nha nudc vao hoat ddng nfli bp trubng DHTT Dac Met quy che to chiic va hoat dpng eua tradng DHTT con nhilu quy dinh chua phil hgp vdi thuc tfi', gfiy trdngai cho hoat dfing quanly nhk nude trong Hnh vuc nky Vi du:
+ Khoan 3, dilu 31 Quy ehd'tl ehiic vk hoat ddng trudng DHTT quy dinh: "Trong tnrong hpp nha tnmng
bi giai the vific xu Iy vl tki cM'nh, tki san dugc ap dung theo quy dinh cua phap Mat vl giai thi cua doanh ngMep" Tuy nMfin, quy cHlnay lai khfing ra quy dinh
eu the' vl xu ly tki san trong trudng hgp trudng hoat dpng khflng hieu qua, tai san khdng du dd' thuc Men
d c ngMa vu tki san (gifi'ng tnrong hpp pha san cua doanh ngMfip)
+ Doan 2, khoan 6, difi'u 29 Quy che tfi' ehiic va hoat dpng trubng DHTT quy dinh: Tai san chuyen tir
Trang 4ttudng dai hpe dfin Ikp sang DHTT dug'C xac dinh Ik
tki san chung hpp nhfi't khong phfin chia va duge
giao eho hpi dong quan tri - dai difin eho tap the
ngubi gdp vfi'n va thknh vien eo hiru trudng DHTT
quan ly vk dilu hanh theo nguydn tkc bao tin va
phat ttid'n Tuy nhidn, tren thuc te Iai chua ed rapt co
che kha tM de nha nude Mfi'm tra vide su dung nguon
vfl'n dd Dac Met, trong trubng hgp tai san dd dupe su
dung khfing hifiu qua thi vific xac dinh trach nhidra
phap ly nhu the nao da khdng duoe phan anh trong
quy dinh tren day
- Ve ehiie nkng thfi'm tra tinh kha thi vk hidu qui
cua duan thknh lap trudng trong thbi gian qua cho
thky, trong nhieu trudng hop, eo quan quan ly nha
nudc da tid'n hknh eae hoat dpng thfi'ra dinh, kid'ra
tra, giam sat kem hifiu qua hokc hinh thiic nen da
dfin dd'n hfi luy la nhieu trubng DHTT khdng du dilu
Men vfin duoe thknh Ifip vk gfiy ra nhung phan ung
khfing td't ttong xfi hgi Dieu dang ndi la vdi nhiing
trubng hgp nhu the, vific quy kit trach nhiem cua eo
quan nhk nude cd thfi'm quyin cap gifiy phep thanh
lap trubng dubng nhu Ik khdng the' Dieu nky cho
thfi'y, rfi't can ed quy dinh eu the ve trach nhiera cua
CO quan nhk nudc ed thfi'm quyen, nhat la ciia Bfi
Giao due - Dao tao va uy ban nhfin dan cap tinh
tiong quan Iy
- Mpt van dl khae eung rat dang quan tam la ebn
thie'u d c quy dinh phap lufit dilu chinh each thue
giai quyd't quyin Ipi cho cac dfii tugng cd lidn quan
kM tiudng DHTT hoat dflng khflng Mdu qua Dfi'i vdi
doanh ngMep tM dilu nay dk dup'c quy dinh trong
phap Mat pha san thfing qua thii tue pha san la
cflng cu dd' ehii np bao ve quyen Ipi cua minh khi
doanh ngMep bi pha san Ve nguydn tae, khi trubng
DHTT roi vko bnibng hgp ttfin thi dch thue xir ly duy
nhfi't la tie'n hanh giai the' theo phap lufit doanh
ngMfip Nhung neu ap dung quy dinh phap Iuat ve
giai thd' doanh nghidp cho trudng DHTT thi lai ed
nhirng diem chua phii hpp vi khflng dam bao duoc
quyin lgi cho nhung chu the cd Hen quan (ngudi hgc,
nhk giao, ngubi lao dgng ) Do vfiy, can phfin Met
hai trubng hpp: dfl'i vdi trudng DHTT pW lgi nhufin
kM hoat dpng khfing hifiu qua thi cd t h i ap dung
biOn phap giai thd' nhung phai gkn trach nhiOm ca
nhfin cua ngubi dung diu vdi trach nhifim cua bg
may quan ly trudng; dfl'i vdi trudng DHTT vi loi
nhufin, nhk nudc cin xac dinh ro co che phap ly cho loai hinh nay theo hudng; ne'u thtra nhfin mdt trubng DHTT ed raue tidu vi loi nhukn la loai Mnh doanh nghiOp d n g ty cfl' phan thi trudng dd se ganh chiu nhirng hku qua phap ly nhu trach nhiem eua mdt doanh nghipp trong trubng hpp bi tuydn bo pha san
- Trong trubng hgp trudng dai hgc dan lap chuyen dfi'i sang md hinh trudng DHTT thi mdt s i quy dinh phap lukt Hen quan dfi'n viOc quan ly tai san d a trubng dai hpe dfin Ifip Men con mku thufin, gay khd khfin cho coquan quan ly nhk nude khi ap dung Vi du: doan 2, khoan 6, dieu 29 cua quy chl tfl' chue va hoat dfing trudng DHTT quy dinh tki san ehuyd'n tir trudng dai hpc dfin Ifip sang DHTT duoc xac dinh la tai san chung hpp nhk't khdng phfin ehia se dugc giao cho hdi ding quan tri quan ly vk dieu hknh Tuy nMen, tai doan 3, khoan 6, dieu 29 eiia quy chl lai quy dinh: dai difin phin vfi'n thufic sd hiiu ehung hpp nhfi't khflng phan ehia cua trubng dai hpe dan lap ehuyd'n sang do tfip the ngiroi gdp vfin vk thknh vidn co him tnrong dai hpc dkn lap biu ra De phu hgp vdi quy dinh cua Lufit Giao due dai hgc nam 2012 trong dieu kidn ton tai song song hai mfi hinh DHTT vi Ipi nhuan va DHTT khdng vi Igi nhukn thi cd hm hudng giai quye't tiudng hgp nay:
Thii nhdt, ne'u trudng dai hgc dan lap chuye'n sang
rad Mnh DHTT vi lgi nhukn thi giao han cho hpi dong quan tri - dai didn tap the ngubi gdp vd'n va thanh vien CO Hun trubng DHTT - quan ly, dieu hanh va cMu trach nMdm Vi neu khdng nhuvay tM tien thuc td, vide quan Iy nguon vdn nay lai thufle ve ehu dfiu tu, la ngudi cd nMeu quyen han nha't, cd kha nang cM phdi theo hudng chu quan cd lgi eho hg
Thu hai, nd'u trudng dai hgc dan Ikp ehuyd'n sang
mfi Mnh DHTT khdng vi Ipi nhufin thi giao eho dai didn tap the ngubi gdp vfi'n vk thknh vidn co hiru trubng dai hpc dkn lap hokc cua d c to chiie xa hpi hay hfii dong trubng quan Iy vk giam sat vific su dung nguIn vd'n dd Dong thM, d n bfi' sung cac quy dinh vl vi tri va thue quyen nhfi't dinh cua chu the nky Nen chang, can quy dinh rkng, chu thi dai difin quan Iy nguon vd'n Ik tai san khfing phan chia Ik ed dfing ed quyen bifi'u quye't, dupe eo cau vao thknh vifin hgi ding quan tri nha trubng de hg cd the' thani gia vko hoat dgng quan ly, giai quyd't cac vfi'n dl quan trpng cua trubng DHTT