T?p chi KHOA HOC & CONQ NGHIJ 94(06) 3 10 TO CHl/C DAY HOC THEO DlT A N TRONG DAY HOC HOC P H A N PHlTOlNG PHAP DAY HOC CHO SINH VIEN SU PHAM T O A N TRONG BAO TAO THEO TIN CHI TrSn Vi|t Cu*ng Trua''''ii[.]
Trang 1TO C H l / C DAY HOC THEO DlT A N TRONG DAY HOC HOC P H A N
PHlTOlNG PHAP DAY HOC CHO SINH VIEN SU PHAM T O A N
TRONG BAO TAO THEO TIN CHI
TrSn Vi|t Cu*ng
Trua'iig D(fi h(ic ^irplicii'i • DH Tlitii Nfiiiyen
TOM TAT
Day hoc theo dy dn (DHTDA) Id huih thirc 16 chuc day hpc hudng vdo ngudi hpc, I3y ngudi hpc
lam trung tam, Trong bdi bdo ndy chiing toi dl xudt phuong Sn van dyng DHTDA trong tl chCrc
de nhu: Nhftng djnh hirdng nhiing tieu chi lua chpn nhOng npi dung cung nhu quy trinh to chirc
DHTDA hpc phdn ndy cho SVSP Tir vipc nghien ciru chiing toi thdy, DHTDA Id hinh thiic day
hpc phii hgp trong ddo tao theo tin chi cho SV
Tir kh6a: Dm' hoc theo dir dn phuung phdp day hpc sinh vien sir pham loan, ddo lao iheo tin cht
DAT VAN DE
Dicdn Id mdt qua trinh hogt ddng eua mdt hay
mdt nhom ngudi de thyc hipn ke hoach ty de
ra de tao ra san pham nham dgt dugc cac muc
dich de ra Dir dn hpc tap (DAHT) la mgt dy
an trong dd ngudi hpc thyc hien mdt nhiem
vy hgc tap phiie hgp cd su kel hop giua ly
thuyet va thuc hanh; ket hop kien thuc, ky
ndng, kinh nghiem thyc tien thudc nhieu ITnh
vyc khac nhau Day hpc theo dir dn
(DHTDA) la hinh thdc to chuc day hgc
nhung DAHT dudi sy hudng dan vd dieu
khien cua giang vien (GV)
Nhu vay, trong DHTDA, ngudi hoc phai thyc
hipn nhiem vy hpc tap phirc hgp cd su kel hgp
gifta ly thuyet va thuc hanh; ket hpp kien
thiic, ky nang, kinh nghiem thyc tien thugc
nhieu linh vuc khac nhau Ngudi hpc phdi ty
lye lap ke hogch, thuc hipn, danh gid ket qua,
cudi ciing tgo ra dugc nhung san phdm phii
hgp vdi muc dich, yeu cau da de ra
Hipn nay, cac trudng Dgi hgc vd Cao ddng
tren loan quoc dang dan chuyen tir hinh ihire
dao tao theo nien che sang dao tgo theo hgc
che tin ehi Ban chat eiia dao tgo theo hpc che
tin chi la: Ca nhan hda, ti'ch eye hda boat
ddng hpc tap, tang quyen ty chii hpc tap cho
ngudi hgc; nang cao y thtie ty giac trong hgc
tap, ndng lye lu hgc, ly nghien ciiu; phat trien
tu duy sang tao, ren luyen ky ndng nghiep vu,
ky nang tim kiem va xti ly thdng tin, thao
Tel 0988686154
luan cho SV; lang cudng vai trd dinh hudng, iiy thdc, dieu khien, to chirc va hudng dan cua GV ddi vdi hoat ddng hgc, hogt ddng
lu duy, ren luyen ky nang ciia SV, thiic day va lang cudng mdi lien ket gifta dao tao vdi nghien ciru khoa hgc gdp phan ndng cao chat lugng dao tao
Qua nghien cuu ve DHTDA, chiing tdi thay, hinh thuc dao tao theo hpc che tin chi cho SV rat phii hgp cho viec td ehiic DHTDA vd khi
dd DHTDA se cd nhieu dieu kien de phat huy het the mgnh
MOT SO DINH H U ' 6 N G KHI TO CHUG DHTDA HOC PHAN PPDH CHO SINH VIEN SU* PHAM TOAN
De van dung DHTDA trong Id chuc cac hoat dgng day hpc mgt each hieu qua va dap irng dugc nhimg yeu cau trong day hpc, GV cdn chii y nhftng dinh hudng sau:
- Day hpc lap irung vdo nhimg muc lieu hoc tap gdn vai cdc chudn: DHTDA khong chi bd
hpp trong phgm vi ciia mgt budi hgc, mgt bai hpc md cdn duoc md rdng ra trong ca mdt chii de, mgt mdn hgc va tham chi trong nhieu mdn hgc thi mdi cd the phat huy dugc het nhftng uu diem ciia DHTDA Muc tieu ciia DHTDA la thdng qua eac DAHT, SV khdng nhung trd Idi dugc nhftng cau hdi, giai quyet dugc nhftng nhiem vu hgc lap, ndm dugc nhftng kien Ihiic cdn thiet ma cdn ITnh hdi dugc each thuc lam viec, cd dugc kha ndng tu hpc, tu nghien ciru dac biet la hinh thanh va phdt Iriln nhftng ky nang, nang lye su pham (NLSP) can thiet cho ban than
Trang 2- Dgy hpc phai hm'nig viio niiic iicii bdi dumig
cdc \l SP ni>i chung vd cdc ndng hrc dgc lim
ciia ngm'ri dl dc chudn hi licni lu'iiig SP duv
hpc if Inn'mg phd llidtig: Klidng pluii lial ky
mgt S\' SI' nao dugc liang bj d;i) du co hp
thong nhftng tri Ihirc khon hgc ca ban iv trinh
dg Dgi hgc deu cd the trd thanh nioi ngudi
GV till Cli;il lirgiig dao tgo GV va s\i tliip irng
dugc nhimg ddi hdi ciia \a hgi hien nay phy
thugc khdng nhd \au qua trinh ren luypn
nghipp \u SP ciia SV hipn nay d cac tnrdng
SP Do \ a \ \icc Id chirc dgy hgc cho SV ndi
chung \a da\ hpc cac hgc phan lluigc bg mdn
PPDH ndi rieng can hudng vao vipc hinh
thdnh \;i bin dudng nhCmg ky ndng, NLSP
can thiOi d^c bipt la nhftng ndng lye d^c thu
cua ngudi GV cho SV trong qua trinh hgc tap
tni trudng SP dc SV trudc khi ra trudng cd
dugc nhftng ky nang, NLSP can thiet ciia
ngudi GV
- Dgy hoc phdi chu \ tin himg thu cua ngic&i
hpc, lay vii'c bpc lam Irung idm: DHTDA la
mdt trong nhimg hinh thuc dgy hgc phat huy
cao do tinh tich cue, ty lye, chii ddng, sang
tgo ciia SV trong qua trinh hpc tap Trong
DHTDA, SV dugc tham gia hoat ddng vao
hau het cac khau thyc hien ciia DAHT Trong
trien khai Ihuc hien cae DAHT, GV khdng
phai la ngudi "cam tay chi viec" cho SV ma
GV ddng vai trd la ngudi cdng tac hudng
dan, tu van cho SV trong qua trinh hgc tap
Mdt DAHT chi dugc thyc hien co hieu qua \a
thanh cong khi SV hieu ro ve nd, cd hung thii
tham gia vao cac hogt dgng trien khai thyc
hien DAHT dugc cdng tac lam viec \di nioi
ngudi trong qua trinh thyc hipn DAHT vd
dugc quyen quyet dinh ve san pham DAHT
ciia minh De to chuc DHTDA cho SV, trong
qua trinh day hgc, GV can phai quan tam chii
y tdi nhftng ddc diem tam ly, dinh hudng vao
hung thii hgc tap cua SV tgo dieu kipn cho
SV phat huy dugc tinh ty lye chii ddng cgng
tac lam vipc Ngoai himg thu, su dn djnh va
lap trung tu ludng, khuynh hudng khdc phye
khd khan ciing gift vai trd quan trgng ddi vdi
- Dgy hpc phdi dam bdo sir phii h(/p glira ly thuyet vdi ihi/c hdnh vd giira ly lugn val thirc liin: Trong DHTDA, DAHT, GV to chirc dl
SV thyc hipn phai la iiiiit ca hgi tot de SV dugc lam vice, dugc ty minh kham pha ra tri thirc Quan irgng han nd eon la co hgi giiip cho SV dirge vgn dyng nhirng kien thirc kinh nghipm, ky ndng da cd vao thuc te cugc sdng ciia ban than Nhftng DAHT nay phai Id
CO hgi de cho SV dugc tim hieu, dugc nghien ciru dugc gidi quyet nhftng van de mang tinh
xd hgi va tinh thdi dai Chinh vi dieu nay ma linh thyc lien trong DHTDA dugc phat trien them mgt mu:c Khi td chiic DHTDA cho SV
SP GV can phai lya chgn nhftng ngi dung, chii dc giin vdi thyc tien cugc sdng ciia SV, giiip SV giai quyet dugc nhftng van de thiet thyc va gan gui vdi cugc sdng hang ngay GV cdn lua chgn nhftng ngi dung, chu de cd gdn vdi thyc hanh Sau mdi DAHT san pham do
SV tao ra khdng chi cd nhftng san phdm mang tinh ly thuyet ma cdn cd nhiing san pham thyc hanh SV cung can phai van dyng nhiing kien thuc, kinh nghiem \a nhung ky ndng da dugc tich luy dugc trang bj de hoan thanh nhiem
vy hoc tap do DAHT de ra
- Dam bdo tinh khach quan, khoa Jipc thirdng xuyen trong qua Irinh ddnh gid viec thirc hien DAHT cua SV nhdm thiic day vice hoc cua SV
vd cai lien r/t'c dav cua GV Danh gia khdng
phai la mgt hogt dgng don le ma nd la mgt qua trinh dien ra thirdng xuyen lien tue trong sudt thdi gian thyc hipn DAHT Ddnh gia thudng \ii\eii va danh gia djnh ky cd y nghta quan trgng trong \iec giiip GV biet dugc SV
da ITnh hgi, da lam dugc gi trong thdi gian qua de cd nhirng dieu chinh can thiet Ddnh gia trd thanh mgt cdng cu nham cai thien viec ndm vftng kien thirc, hinh thanh ky nang, NLSP can thiet d SV Nhd danh gia djnh ky thdng qua nhftng hudng dan trong bai hpc,
GV cd them thdng tin can thiet ve SV Tu dd,
GV cd nhung dilu chinh cho phii hgp trong
\ iec td chuc nhftng hogt dgng day hgc cua ban than nhdm giiip cho SV dgt kit qua cao hon trong qua trinh hgc tap
Trang 3- Ddm bdo tinh khd thi: Neu td chuc DHTDA
cho SV SP mgt each hieu qua thi SV khong
nhftng cd the ITnh hgi dugc nhftng tri thiic
khoa hgc co ban ma cdn dugc trang bj nhftng
ky nang, NLSP cdn thilt cho ban than De to
chirc DHTDA dam bao tinh kha thi, hieu qua
so vdi nhimg PPDH, hinh thuc day hpc khdc
GV can quan tam den ngi dung kien thirc ciia
mdi DAHT va quy thdi gian de trien khai td
chuc DHTDA sao cho phii hpp, khdng lam
anh hudng den viec hpc tap cac mon hgc
khac, anh hudng den tam ly, hung thu hgc lap
cua SV do thdi lugng dgy hgc danh cho bp
mon PPDH d cdc tru'dng khong nhieu GV
can dy tinh dugc viec thuc hien cac nhiem vu
cua DAHT dd dugc thyc hien vao thdi gian
nao, thdi diem nao hay dugc long ghep vao
nhftng hogt dgng hgc tap nao ciia SV Mat
khac, \ iec xay dyng ke hoach trien khai cac
DAHT mpt each chi iicl, cu the cung anh
hudng tdi sy thanh cdng va hieu qua ciia viec
td chirc DHTDA Kl hogch triin khai DAHT
cang chi tiet, cu the se giiip cho SV, giup cho
cac nhdm hgc tap cd the sdm hinh dung duoc
nhftng cdng viec can phai lam va sdm trien
khai dugc nhung hoat ddng de thuc hien
DAHT dd Trong ke hoach trien khai DAHT
nay can the hien rd muc tieu, ngi dung ciia
DAHT yeu cau ve san phdm ciia DAHT,
nhftng cdng viec can thuc hipn, thdi gian thyc
hien cac hogt dgng
TIEU CHi LU'A CHON NOI DUNG DE TO
CHUC DHTDA HOC PHAN PPDH CHO
SVSP TOAN
D& to chuc DHTDA cho SV SP dat duoc hieu
qua va phii hgp vdi nhftng djnh hudng khi td
chirc DHTDA nhu da de ra d tren, theo chimg
tdi khdng phai moi ngi dung deu cd the td
chuc DHTDA cho SV dugc hieu qua, Mdi ngi
dung khi lya chgn de td chirc DHTDA cho
SV can ddp ung dugc nhftng tieu chi sau:
- NhCmg noi dung dicac lira chon cdn co sir
kit hap giira ly thuyel vai ihirc hdnh day hpc
vd gdn vai nhimg vdn de ihuc lien nghe
nghiep: DHTDA khong chi nham muc dich la
cung cap cho ngudi hgc nhftng kien thiic can
thiet ma thdng qua do cdn nham muc dich la
ky nang, nang lye can Ihiet Irong cupc song hang ngay Do vay khi td chirc DHTDA cho
SV GV can lya chpn nhftng ngi dung kien thiic cd mdi lien he giua ly thuyet vdi thuc hanh vd gdn vdi nhung van de thuc tien nghe nghipp giiip SV gidi quyet dugc nhftng vdn
de thiet thuc va gan giii vdi cupc sdng hang ngay, Dicu nay ddi hdi ngirdi SV phdi biet each vugt qua dirpc nhung khoang each gifta
ly lugn vdi thuc tien gifta ly thuyel vdi thuc hdnh, dua nhftng tri Ihirc, kinh nghiem va nhftng ky ndng co ban da dugc trang bj trong qua trinh hpc tap de giai quyet nhftng van de gdn lien vdi thuc tien nghe nghiep vd cd ich vdi ban than Nhftng noi dung kien thirc dugc lya chgn nay phai la co hdi de giiip cho SV dugc lim hieu, giai quyet nhftng vdn de, nhftng nhiem vy hgc tap mang tinh phftc hpp, ddp ung dugc nhftng yeu cau can thiet cua SV trong cugc sdng hien nay Nhftng ngi dung kien thuc dugc lua chpn de td chuc DHTDA cho SV phdi la mdt co hdi tdt de SV dugc lam vipc, dugc tu minh tim hieu, kham phd de lim
ra tri thdc, qua do hinh thanh va phat trien nhftng ky ndng, NLSP can thiet cho ban than
- Noi dung cua cdc DAHT phdi mang linh tich hap cao: Ngi dung ciia DAHT can cd sy ket
hgp tri thiic cua nhieu ITnh vyc, nhieu mdn hgc khac nhau nham muc dich giai quyet dugc nhu'ng nhiem vy, nhftng van de do DAHT dgt ra Mat khdc, ngoai viec SV phai van dung nhung in thirc cua nhieu ITnh vuc, nhieu mdn hgc khac nhau de giai quyet nhung van de, nhung nhiem vu hgc tap do DAHT dat ra thi SV cdn phai su dyng phoi hgp nhieu PPDH, nhieu hinh thuc dgy hgc khac nhau de hodn thanh DAHT ciia minh
- Cdc noi dung ciia DAHT phdi gdn vdi dinh huang ren luyen nghiep vu SP cho SV Ren
luyen nghipp vu SP cho SV SP la mgt trong nhii'ng hoal dpng quan trgng, khdng the thieu trong mdi trudng SP vi thdng qua hoal dgng nay nhung pham chdt, ky nang va NLSP can thiet ciia ngudi GV se dupc hinh thanh va phat trien d moi SV Chat lugng dao tao GV
va su dap ung dugc nhftng yeu cau ddi hdi ciia xa hgi hien nay phu thudc rat Idn vao qua
Trang 4Mill SV lot nghipp Iririvng SP si- dugc trang bj
da> dii cd hp thong nliung tri thirc klioii hgc
CO ban d trinh ilg Dgi hgc I ii\ nhicn khdng
phai bill k\ ai cd dugc nhftng tri lluic khoa
hgc CO bim o trinh dg Dgi hgc deu cd llic IriT
thanh nigl ngudi GV lol \uiig viiiig tren bye
giang Vi \ii\, trong da_\ hgc ngudi CPV can
phai lya chgn nhftng ngi liiiiig, nhftng liogl
dgng dg) hgc phii hgp sao cho dap ung dugc
\cu cau \ira co the tich lii> dugc nhiing kien
thuc clui\en mdn can Ihiet \a vira cd the hinh
thanh \i\ ren luypn dugc nluTng ky ndng
NLSP ciin thiet cho SV trong qud trinh hgc
tgp tgi trudng SP
r o CliliC DllfDA IK,)C PHAN PPDH
CHOSVSPlOAN
De td dure DHTDA hgc phan PPDH cho SV
SP null ciicli hipu qua dap ung dugc nhftng
\cu cau trong dgy hgc giup SV khdng nhung
cd dugc nhftng kien thuc co ban ma cdn hinh
thanh va ren luyen dugc nhftng NLSP can
thiet theo chung tdi qu\ trinh td chuc
DHTDA cho SV SP gdm cac giai doan sau:
• Giai dogn Chudn hi: GV va SV can thyc
hien nhung cdng viec sau:
- Hmh thdnh DAHT: GV cimg SV nghien ciru
muc dich >eu cau va ngi dung chuong trinh
cua mdn hgc de du kien ngi dung, chii de cd
thi triin khai td chiic DHTDA cho SV Tu
dd, GV cimg SV trong Idp xac dinh myc tieu
ciia DAHT xac djnh nhftng cdng vipc can
thuc hipn trong DAHT (Nghien ciru ly thuyet
tim hieu thyc tc tai trudng phd thdng giang
tap tnrdc Idp), xac dinh nhftng san pham can
dat dugc sau khi hoan thanh DAHT (Kc
hoach chi tiet thyc hipn DAHT ciia nhdm ngi
dung nghien cuu ciia tirng thanh \ len trong
nhdm, ndi dung san pham nghien cuu ly
thuyel ciia nhdm, ngi dung bao cao san pham
nghien ciru ly thuyet ciia nhdm, phicu danh
gia gid day mau ciia GV phd thdng cua cdc
thanli vien, bao cao thu hogch di thyc te tgi
trudng phd thdng cua nhdm giao an giang tgp
ciia cac nhdm, phieu danh gia gid day ciia cac
tiet giang tap ciia cac thanh vien trong nhdm),
dy kien thdi gian thyc hien DAHT xac djnh
mgt sd mdc thdi gian quan trgng trong qua
trinh thuc hien DAHT (Thdi gian thdng qua
ke hogch chi tiet thyc hien DAHT thdi gian
di thyc te tgi trudng phd thdng thdi gian dy
gid dgy mdu ciia lirng nhdm, thdi gian bao cdo sdn pham nghien ciru ly thuyet, thdi gian thdng qua giao dn vdi GV thdi gian giang tap trudc Idp )
- Chia nhdm hoc lap: ( a n cu vao myc tieu,
khoi lirgng kien thuc cua DAHT, kha ndng, nang lye ciia lung SV trong Idp GV ciing vdi Igp the Idp quyci djnh sii lugng thanh vien ciia mdi nhdm hgc tap Tgp the Idp td chuc chia Idp thiinh cac nhdm hgc tap sao cho mdi nhdm deu cd SV gidi SV kha va SV trung binh de lien hinh niiimg hogt dpng thyc hipn DAI If Moi nhdm hgc igp cu mgt SV trong nhdm lam nhdm trudng dc dilu hanh cac hogt dgng trong nhom
- Thong bdo ldl lii'u iham khdo cho SV: GV
djnh hirdng cho SV nhftng nguon tai lipu tham khao chinh phye vu cho vice hoan thanh cac san pham nghien cuu ciia DAHT nhu tham khao d tai lieu nao? d trang Web nao? DHTDA rat quan tam den cac ngudn tai lieu
ma ngudi hgc can phai tiep can vi nhftng tai lieu dd anh hudng tdi chat lugng ket qua nghien cuu ciia DAHT
Giai doan Xdy dirng ke hogch thirc hien DAHT: GV \a SV thyc hien nhftng
cdng viec sau:
- \'dv d{mg ke hogch llnrc hien DAHT' Cac
nhdm hgc tgp lien hanh hgp nhdm de xay dyng ki- hogch chi tiet thyc hien DAHT xdc djnh nhung cdng \ iec can trien khai cho limg mang cdng \ iec nhu: Nghien ciiu l\ thuyet (xac djnh tieu de ciia bai viet nhftng ngi dung can tim hieu phan cong cdng viec cho tung thdnh vien trong nhdm nhu: Tim hieu tung ngi dung cu the \ let san pham nghien ciiu ciia nhdm thiet ke ngi dung bao cao san pham nghien ciru ciia nhdm, ) tim hieu thuc te tgi trirdng phd thdng (hgp nhdm chuan bj nhftng cdng vipc can thiet khi di thuc te, phan cdng ngudi vill bao eao thu hoach di thyc te tgi trirdng phd thdng ), soan giao an va giang tap trudc Idp
- Kiem Ira tinh khd Ihi ciia bdn ke hogch ihiic hi^n DAHT cua cdc nhom: Sau khi mdi nhdm
ngp ban kl hogch chi tiet thyc hien DAHT,
GV xem xet kl hoach thuc hien DAHT ciia
Trang 5kien cho ke hoach chi tiet thuc hipn DAHT
ciia tirng nhdm sao cho kha thi, hieu qua va
tiet kiem thdi gian
Giai dogn Thuc hien DAHT: GV va SV
can thyc hien nhung cdng vipc sau:
- Nghien ciru ly thuyel: De hodn thanh san
pham nghien ciru, moi nhdm hgc tap can lien
hanh nhftng cdng vipc sau: Tirng thanh vicn
hoac limg nhdm nhd trong nhdm hgc tap theo
chii de dugc phan cdng tien hanh thu thap
nghien cuu tai lieu, tim kiem vd xu ly thong
tin, trao ddi vdi GV hogc vdi nhftng SV khac
de hoan thanh san pham nghien ciru ciia ban
than; viet sdn phdm nghien ciiu chung eua
nhdm (SV dugc nhdm phan cdng long hgp
ngi dung tu cac bai viet ciia lung thdnh vien
trong nhdm de hodn thanh ngi dung san pham
nghien cuu ciia nhdm); trao ddi thao luan
trong nhom de cdc thanh vien ciing nam dugc
ngi dung ma nhdm dang nghien ciru vd hoan
thdnh san pham nghien cuu cua nhdm; thiel
ke ndi dung bao cdo sdn phdm nghien cuu cua
nhdm (SV dugc nhdm phan cong lir npi dung
san phdm nghien cuu ctia nhdm thiet ke ngi
dung bao cao san pham nghien cuu ciia nhdm
bang phan mem PowerPoint hogc bdng nhftng
phan mem trinh chieu tuong tu); trao ddi,
thao luan trong nhdm de hoan thanh npi dung
bao cao va tien hdnh tap bdo cao trudc nhdm
- Tim hieu Ihuc le tgi inrang phd Ihdng De
hoan thanh cdng vipc nay, cac nhom can thirc
hipn nhung cdng viec sau: Hgp nhdm trao ddi
eac cdng viec khi di thyc te tai trudng phd
thdng (xac dinh khdi lu'png kien thuc, kien
thuc trpng tam ciia tiet hpc se du gid dgy
mau, xac djnh nhftng cdng viec can phai lam
khi di thyc le ); du gid dgy mau ciia GV phd
thdng; trao ddi vdi GV phd thdng ve viec xay
dyng vd trien khai ke hogch dgy hpc ndi dung
ma nhdm dang nghien ciiu hien nay d Irudng
phd thdng; thao lugn nhdm de trao doi, danh
gia, nhan xet ve ngi dung tiet dgy mau ciia
GV phd thdng va trao ddi ngi dung bai viet
thu hoach; viet bai thu hogch va nop bai thu
hogch cho GV
- Gidng lap truac r.'idm: Be hoan thanh cdng
viec nay, cac nhdm can tien hanh nhftng cdng
viec sau: Mdi nhdm dugc chia thanh cac
nhdm nhd, mdi nhdm nhd lua chgn ndi dung mdt tiet day thudc chii de dang nghien cuu trong chirong trinh phd thdng de soan giao an, hgp nhdm sogn giao an, thong qua giao an vdi
GV, chinh sua giao an theo yeu cau ciia GV
va giang tap trong nhdm nhd
- Kiem Ira lien dp time hien DAHT: Trong
qua trinh cdc nhdm thuc hien DAHT, tren ca
sd ke hogch chi tiet thyc hipn DAHT do cac nhdm da xay dung va phan cdng cdng vipc cho tung thanh vien Irong lung nhom, GV giam sal, kiem tra lien dd thuc hien cdng vipc ciia mdi thdnh vien trong nhdm cung nhu lien
dg thuc hicn DAHT chung ciia cd nhdm Neu thdy can Ihiet, GV phai dieu chinh, giiip dd de cac thanh vien thuc hipn nghiem liic, diing tien dg va hoan thdnh ngi dung cdng viec da dugc giao Trong khau hoan thien DAHT, GV cung cdn phai kiem tra cac san pham cua DAHT ciia lirng nhdm xem co phii hgp vdi ngi dung hgc tap va muc lieu ciia DAHT nhu
da de ra hay khong de cd nhftng dieu chinh, Irg giijp cho cac nhom
Giai dogn Bdo cdo sdn phdm vd ddnh gid DAHT cua nhdm: GV vd SV can thyc
hien nhftng cdng viec sau:
- Bdo cdo sdn phdm nghien cim ly Ihiiyet irirdc lap: De hoan thanh cdng viec nay, GV va SV
can thyc hien nhung cdng viec sau' GV ciing
SV chuan bi nhftng ca sd vat chat can thiel (may tinh, may chieu ) de cho lii'ng nhdm trinh bay ngi dung bao cao san pham nghien ciiu ly thuyet tnrdc Idp va GV Dai dipn cac nhom (do GV ggi ngau nhien) len trinh bay ngi dung bdo cao san pham nghien cuu ly thuyet tnrdc lop Tap the Idp vd GV ddng gdp y kien
va dua ra nhftng cau hdi nham muc dich trao ddi ve ngi dung nghien cuu ciia nhom SV bao cao hoac dai dipn ciia nhdm bdo cao trd Idi cac cau hdi do GV va tap the Idp dua ra Tren ca sd nhftng ddng gdp, danh gia ciia GV
va tap the Idp, cac nhdm chinh sira de hodn chinh san pham nghien cuu ciia nhdm vd ngp san pham cho GV
- Gidng Igp trudc lap: De hoan thanh ngi
dung cdng viec nay, GV va SV can thyc hien nhirng nhiem vu sau: GV ciing SV chuan bj nhung CO sd vat chat can thiet (mdy tinh, may
Trang 6chieu Overhead ) de cho limg nhdm nhd
lien hanh gidng tgp ngi dung ciia tilt dgy da
chuan bj tnrdc idp Dai dipn ciia tirng nhdm
nhd (do GV ggi ngiiii nhien) len llic hipn ngi
dung liel gi;ing tnrdc Idp Igp (lie Idp va GV
theo ddi nhan \el, danh yia va dong gdp y
kien \c ngi ditim net da\ C;ic nhdm nhd ngp
san pham giao an cho GV
- GV ciing SV ddnh gid nhgn \ci kcl tpui dure
hicn DAHT ciKi limg nhdm: Ircn ca sd kcl
qua nhftng hoat IIOIIL: de trien khai thyc hipn
DAHT nhu: Nghien ciru !>' lluiycl di lim hieu
Ihyc li' lai tnrdng phd ihdng suan giao an va
thyc ti- giang dgs Inrdc i(»p ciia tung nhom
(iV cimg SV nhgn \et tiaiili gia qua trinh
thuc hipn DAHT cimg nhu ket qua Ihyc hipn
DAHT cua nhdm
DANH GIA TRONG DHTDA HOC PHAN
PPDH CHOSVSP TOAN
Danh gia viec hgc tap ciia SV ngoai \ ice dya
\ao diem sd ciia ciic bai kiem tra, cac bai thi
het mdn sau dd su dyng phuong phap thdng
ke hgc de \ u l\ sd lieu, dya vao cac thdng tin
thu dugc tu \ iec trao ddi, ket qud ciia cac mau
phieu dieu tra lu dd dua ra nhimg ket luan
danh gia \c nhftng tac dong tich eye ciia
DHTDA ddi \di \icc ITnh hgi kien thuc \a
hinh thanh nhftng ky nang NLSP can thiet
ciia SV thi GV can sii dung hinh thirc danh
gid qua trinh de cd the thu dugc nhftng thdng
tin cdn thiet \e viec ITnh hgi kien thuc \:i hinh
thdnh nhftng k\ ndng NLSP can thiet cho SV,
De GV cd dugc nhftng thdng tin ve qua trinh
hgc tap ciia SV mgt each khach quan chinh
\:ic va toan dien thi trong qua trinh danh gia
GV can su dyng phdi hgp cdc logi hinh danh
gia nhu: GV ddnh gia SV cac thanh vien
trong nhdm tu danh gia cheo lan nhau \;i SV
ty danh gia De lien hanh danh gia qua trinh
hgc tap ciia SV SP, chimg ta cd the danh gia
theo cac giai dogn sau:
- Ddnh gid vi?c hinh ihdnh DAHT: Trong dd
can danh gia kha ndng lya chgn chii de cung
nhu kha nang xac dinh muc tieu, ngi dung ciia
DAHT, xac djnh nhftng cdng \iec can Ihyc
hien trong DAHT nhftng san pham chinh can
dgt dugc sau khi hoan thanh DAHT, dy kiln
moc thdi gian quan trgng trong qua trinh thuc hien DAHT Mat khac trong qua trinh danh gid, chimg la can danh gia miic dp hd trg ciia
GV cung nhu muc dg ty de xuat y tudng eiia
SV trong moi cdng vice
- Ddnh gid vi^c xdy d\mg ke hogch thuc hien DAHT: Trong dd can danh gia: Khd ndng du
kien cdng vipc can trien khai trong nhdm cd chi lilt, logic va kha thi hay khdng? kha nang
dy kiln ngi dung can nghien cuu tim hieu cd
cy the hay khdng? phan cdng cdng vipc cho tirng thanh vicn trong nhdm cd phii hgp khdng? dy kien thdi gian hoan thanh tdng npi dung cdng vipc, thdi gian hoan thanh du an cd hgp ly khdng'' kha nang xac djnh cac san pham Ciin dgt dugc trong mdi giai doan, trong mdi ngi dung cdng vipc, ddi vdi mdi ca nhan trong nhdm cd phii hgp hay khdng? Trong qua trinh ddnh gia chiing ta can danh gia muc
dg hd trg ciia GV cung nhu miic do ty de xual
y kien y tudng ciia SV trong cdng vipc
- Ddnh gid viec ihirc hien DAHT: Trong do
can danh gia nhftng ndi dung chu yeu sau:
+ Ddnh gid vi} viec tim hieu, nghien ciru tdi lieu Liia SV Trong dd can danh gia kha ndng
ty lye nghien ciru, tim hieu tai lieu ciia SV, kha nang xu ly cac thdng tin thu dugc tir qua trinh nghien cuu tai lieu, kha nang tdng hgp cac \an de nghien ciru de dugc san pham ciia ban than
+ Ddnh gid sun phdm nghien ciru ly thuyet ciia limg nhdm Danh gia \e hinh thiic, ndi
dung ciia san pham nghien cuu (ndi dung cua san pham cd dugc day dii hay khdng? cd dua
ra dugc cac vi dy minh hga cho timg ngi dung
ly thuyet va phan tich dugc vi du dua ra hay khdng?, )
+ Ddnh gid npi dung bdo cdo sdn phdm nghien ciru Iv thuyel cua limg nhom truac lap: Chimg ta cd the su dyng ggi y danh gid
sau: Ngi dung bao cao (dam bao chinh xac, day dii \c ngi dung; dam bao khoa hgc, logic trong each thiet ke, trinh bay ndi dung; ), hinh thuc bai bao cao (hinh va chft ro rang; net, CO chft dii Idn de xem, ggn Idi, trinh bay dep va cd tinh tryc quan, the hien ndi bat dugc ngi dung; cac hieu ung hinh anh, mdu sac, am thanh, chuyen dgng dugc su dung
Trang 7hop ly, khdng Igm dung, khdng gay nhicu
loan lam mat tap trung ciia ngudi nghe; ),
each thuc bao cao (phuong phdp trinh bay bao
cao tu the, tdc phong bao cao )
+ Ddnh gid hogt dong di tim hieu thirc le lgi
tnrd-ngphd thong ciia SV- Trong dd chiing ta
cdn danh gid mdt s6 mat nhu sau: Danh gia vl
y thirc, thai do chii dgng tich eye, ty lye ciia
SV trong viec hpc hdi kinh nghipm trong
giang day, kinh nghiem trong vipc xay dyng
va trien khai ke hogch dgy hgc ngi dung ma
nhdm dang nghien cuu vdi GV phd thdng;
danh gia viec trao ddi, thdo luan trong nhdm
de chuan bj cac cdng viec can thiet Inrdc khi
di Ihyc te tgi trudng phd thdng cimg nhu khi
tien hanh nhgn xet danh gia ve tiet dgy mau
ciia GV phd thdng; danh gia ndi dung bdo cdo
thu hoach di tim hieu thyc te tgi trudng phd
thdng ciia cdc nhdm Tu do GV cd nhftng
nhgn xet ve ket qua cua boat ddng di tim hieu
thyc le lgi trucmg phd thdng ciia lung SV
+ Ddnh gid ve viec sogn gido dn gidng lap
ciia SV: Trong dd danh gia kha nang nghien
ciiu sach gido khoa, sach GV de xac djnh muc
tieu bai hpc, xac dinh nhftng kien thuc co ban,
trong lam ciia bai day, kha ndng khai Ihac cac
thdng tin tu sach gido khoa, sach GV, cdc
sach tham khao de phuc vu cho ndi dung bai
day, kha nang dy kien cac hinh thuc Id chuc,
phuang phap va cac phuang tien dgy hpc cho
tilt hgc vd kha nang dy kien phan phoi thdi
gian trong mgt tiet hgc va kha nang thiet ke
ke hogch day hgc (sogn giao dn) ciia SV
+ Ddnh gid noi dung gidng lap trudc lap
Chiing ta cd the su dung ggi y danh gia sau:
Chinh xdc, khoa hgc (quan diem, lap trudng
chinh trj); Dam bao tinh he thdng, dii ngi
dung, lam rd trpng tam; Lien he vdi Ihuc tl,
ed tinh giao due; Su dyng phuang phap phii
hgp vdi dgc Irung bp mdn, tiet dgy, Ket hgp
tdt cac phuong phdp trong cac hoat dgng dgy
va hpc; Sii dung va ket hgp tot cac phuong
tien, thiet bj day hgc phii hgp vdi ngi dung
cua kieu bai; Trinh bay bang hgp ly, chft viet,
hinh ve, Idi ndi ro rang, chuan myc, giao an
hgp ly; Thyc hien linh hogt cae khau len Idp,
phan phdi thdi gian hgp ly; Td chirc, dieu
khien HS hgc tap tich eye, phii hgp, HS hung
Ihii hgc tap Da sd HS hieu bai, ndm vftng trgng tam, biel van dung kien thirc
+ Ngodi ro chiing la ciing cdn phdi ddnh gid vi' iiigl thdi dp chung ciia SV trong qud Irinh tham gia cdc hogl dpng de hodn ihdnh DAHT
Chimg ta cd the danh gia tren cac phuong dicn ciia ggi y san Tham gia dc xuat y kien, Cgng tac trong cdng viec Trach nhiem trong cdng viec, Hipu qua cdng vipc
Dya vdo kel qua ciia viec danh gia d tren, GV
cd the ddnh gia dirge sy hinh thanh va phat trien cac ky nang cdc NLSP ciia mdi SV thdng qua qua trinh DHTDA
Vdi viec sii dyng danh gid qua trinh va danh gid tdng ket, GV cd the thu dugc nhftng thdng tin thuc, de biet duoc SV da ITnh hpi nhftng In thirc, hinh thdnh nhung ky nang, NLSP cdn
thiel cho ban than ra sao de GV co the dieu
chinh phuong phap giang dgy cho phii hgp KET LUAN
Tu qua trinh thuc hien DAHT, chimg tdi nhan thay cac SV da tiep can vdi DHTDA Viec cac nhdm phai tu luc lap ke hogch va thuc hien de hoan thanh san pham DAHT da kich thich dugc tinh tich eye, trach nhiem va sang tgo trong hgc tap ciia SV Mat khac, do cac cong viec ciia DAHT dugc phan cdng cu the cho tung SV va duoc SV thyc hien nghiem liic, hon nfta mdi SV lgi nhgn duoc su ho tro kip thdi, hieu qua tir nhdm ciia minh moi khi gap khd khan nen chat lugng san pham DAHT cua cac nhdm da dap irng dugc yeu cau ciia GV Qua dd, SV tich luy dugc cdc kien thuc can thiet d trudng phd thdng va hinh thanh cac NLSP can thiet cho ban than
Cd the ndi, DHTDA la hinh thiic dgy hgc phu hgp cho cac trudng Dai hpc ndi chung va cho cac trudng SP ndi rieng dang tdng budc chuyen sang hinh thirc dao tgo theo tin chi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Nguyin Ba Kim (chii bien) (1994), PPDH mdn Todn phdn 2 - dgy hgc nhirng noi dung ca ban, Nxb Giao due,
2 Nguyen Thi Dieu Thdo (2008), DHTDA vd vdn dung Irong ddo Igo GV mon Cong nghe phdn Kinh ligia dinh Luan an Tiln sT Giao due hpc
Trang 8S U M ^ I A R ^ •
O R G A N I Z A T I O N O I PRO.IICCT-BASr.l) L E A R N I N G - A S U I T A B L E F O R M
IN n:AcniN<;THi:Ti:A( HiNc; M E T H O D S c o i i u c i ;
FOR I'FD \ ( ( ) ( ; K A 1 , S U 1)1 M S \VI I HIN TRAINING CREDITS
Dr Tran V'icl Cuong
College of Education - TNU
Projecl-based leaming (PBL) is a form of org;iiii/aiit)iial learning PBL focuses on student-conicrcd inquiry In this paper, an overview of project-based learning is presented; some orientations and the criteria for selecting the topics, contents and organizational processes of it this study, we found thai it is a suitable form o i instruction in training credit
Key w o r d s : Projc<.i'lta\ed learning, leaching method, mathemaltc pedagogical students, training credit
\'gdynluhi 04/04^012 \gii\ phdn bi^n 16/05/2012 Ngdy duy^l ddng:12/06/2012
' Tel 09NW>86I54