® GlAOOVCNlMCNGOAl NGHI VE BO MON VAN HOC TRONG NHA T R U O N G d NOOC NGA HIEN NAY Mpi ehuy$n b i t d l u t d cdc kl thi Ngdy trdde hpc sinh tdt nghidp, theo quy c h l b i t buPc phdi thi mdn v i n d[.]
Trang 1NGHI VE BO MON VAN HOC TRONG NHA T R U O N G d NOOC NGA HIEN NAY
Mpi ehuy$n b i t d l u t d cdc kl thi Ngdy t r d d e
hpc sinh tdt nghidp, theo quy c h l b i t buPc phdi thi
m d n v i n dddi hai hinh thdc v i n d i p v l v i l t D i l u
d d buPe c l e thi sinh trUdc kl thi tdt nghidp phd
thdng phdi hpc thupc t i t cd cdc p h i l u thi, tdc Id dn
Igi todn bd g i l o trinh, phyc hdi trong tri n h d nhdng
tdc p h l m da dpc theo ehddng trinh (vl n l u khdng
dpc nhCmg t i e p h l m l y thi khd Idng vdpt qua ddpe
kl s i t hgeh) B i l t r i n g trdde m i t phdi dUong d l u
vdl su t h d thdch khdng d l d i n g n l n cdc hpc sinh
da dpc trdde (ho$c bupc p h l l dpc) vdn hpe Nga, v l
bdng cdch ndy hay cdch khdc da n g h i l n n g l m nd
Sau dd, m d n thi v i n ddp b i t budc d l bi hCiy bd
vd dupe dua v i o danh mye " t y chpn" Cle thf sinh
sdng da n h l t d l nhanh ehdng h i l u r i n g sd t h I t
khdng ed Icfl n l u chpn m d n thi m l vl^c c h u I n b|,
n g o l l sdch g i l o khoa ra, cdn ddi hdi phdi dpc t h d m
nhdhg pho sleh d l y edm cda Tolstoi vd Dostoevski
V I t h i Id hp thdi khdng dpc tdc p h l m nda Cle thf
sinh khdc ft nhanh t r i hon, trong m d t thdi gian
n h l t dinh, theo thdi quen, van cdn dpc nhdng tdc
p h l m ghi trong p h i l u thi v! hp cho r i n g n l u khdng
n i m vimg todn b d gido trlnh th) khdng I l m ddpe
bai Nhdng hp eung nhanh chdng h i l u rdng trong
s6 ede d l thi d d t khodt sd cd m$t d u hdi v l vdn
hpc t h i kl XIX, m p t c l u hdi v l vdn hpc t h i kl XX, v l
m d t chd d l hodn todn t y do T h i Id hp b i t d l u dpc
vd hpc theo "td"
Thdm chf hp khdng d y d o l n dypc r i n g cdn
cd mdt " n i l m vui b i t n g d " nda dang c h d dpi hp d
phia trdde ft Idu sau, mpt su lya chpn niig dupe
ddnh cho cdc hpc sinh t d t n g h l i p : Idm bdi l u i n
(sochinenle) hay bdi t h u l t Igi (lzlozhenle)?Tlt nhidn
I I ndn chpn bdi thudt lal! Hudng h d cd nhCmg thdy
gido tdt byng, ddng m i n , da l i p tdc b i l n n d thdnh
"bdi ehlnh t l dpc nhanh" V I nguydn t i e t h i I I v i n
hpc di ddt! Cd t h i khdng d n t d chdc m d n thi qude
gia hdng n i m nCra
Vd lai, m d n thi qudc gia hdng n i m v l vdn hpe
cung Id mdt mdn thi theo sy lya chpn, v l t h d n g
t h y d n g ch! cd 3% thf sinh lya chpn nd Cdn ndi v l
MIKHAIL NJANKOVSKI Nhl gido cAno huln UAn bang Nga, Glim dtfc Nhd xull bin "Vlfn hdn Ilm phll trrfn
c l e m d n hpe md k i t qud qua kl thi qudc gia hdng ndm dupe cdc trudng dai hpe vd cao d i n g chip nh^n thi v i n hpc t h i m chl edn bj loai t r d ra khdi danh sdch d d khi n h i n sinh vidn vdo n h i l u ehuydn ngdnh cua cdc khoa hpe n h i n vdn
Nhdng d i trd d d da d i n tdi d i l u gl? D i n tdi
k i t q u i m l chl ed t h i dUoc trdng dpi: d c hpc sinh
d l ngtmg dpc Khdng, khdng p h l l vd t u y I n truyin hinh, khdng phdi mdy vi tinh, v l cung khdng p h l l Internet Idm cho cde ban trd quay limg Igi vdl vdn
hpc Chfnh nhdng nguifi dupe trao cho sd mdnh
thyc hidn chfnh sdeh gido due d l d l y d i mdn hpc trdde d l y Id chd y l u d d xudng hdng I p chdt cda chyong trinh dgy hoc V I d i l u d d dang xdy ra d
nyde Nga Id noi ^ thdc cOa con ngUdi bao gid cung
eoi v i n hpe I I trung t d m , Id nOi con ngddi khdng
h l n sdng t r o n g khdng gian dja II, md chO y l u sdng trong khdng gian eua nhdng trfch doan v i n hpe d
d d todn bd n l n v i n hda: s i n k h I u , didn I n h , t h i m chl vu ba I I cung dya theo v i n h p e d dd ngudi ta ndl n h i l u d i n d c gid trj t i n h t h i n md chiing ta se khdng nghe t h l y dUpc d t i t c l d c nudc khdc gdp chung Igi!
Cd l l n tdi dupc t h a m d y m d t cupe hdi nghi
b i n trdn bdn v l m d n t h i v i n hpc m l vdo thdl d i l m
d d d l bl hOy b d (nhdn t h i ndl t h i m r i n g dd cOng Id m$t d l u hl^u cCia n l n d i n ehtj nyde nhd: t h o g t t i l n
Id chiing ta huy b d rdi sau d d mi^ bdn bae thdo in
ludn) Odi vdl nhCmg y k i l n cho r i n g m d n thi vdn m hpc Id d n t h i l t , mdc d l u nhdng hinh thdc ciia nd '"
ed t h i r l t khdc nhau, m d t t r o n g sd nhihig vj Ilnh dgo hdi d d cda Bd G i l o due da phdn bde Igi tdi:
"Nhimg Id n I o hpe van hpe ehl cdt d l thi? Van hpc
Id d l nudi dudng tdm hdn chUI'Vd ngudi l y hodn
t o l n dtingt Q u i t h I t , e l todn l l n t i i n g Nga cung dupe hpc khdng phdi d l l l y d i l m NhUng, may
m i n thay, khdng ai cho r i n g vide d i n h g i l v l lain thdc chl ft ciia nhiimg m d n hpc d d Id khdng that
d n t h i l t Nhu t h i cd nghTa Id nhtihg ngUdl sogn
t h i o c h i l n lupc thi t d t nghidp dti sao cQng h i l u rd sdc kIch thfch mgnh me cCia kl thi t r o n g vide hpe
Trang 2mdt mdn ndy hay mpt m d n khde Mdt mdn ndy hay
mdt mdn khdc song chl cd d i l u khdng p h i i Id
van hpc
M l eung ed the nd t h y c sy khdng d n t h i l t
chdng? Con ngydi h l l n dgi d n d i n vdn hpe Nga
(trUde d l y ngudi ta cdn b d sung t i n h ngd"vT dgi")
de lam gl? N6 dem lai Ipi Ich chi? Chung ta hay eimg
nhau suy nghT xem: m p t t h i l u nidn hidn nay mong
mudn dat dupe d i l u gl vd hd thdng gido dye hidn
nay mong mudn b i l n anh ta thdnh con ngUdi nhd
t h i ndo? Hidn nay nhCmg djnh hudng chCi y l u Id sy
thinh dgt, khd ndng canh tranh, s u d i m bdo v l m i t
vlt chit, kT n i n g vun vdn sy nghidp cho minh, tdi
thing quan t i l n chdc, v.v
Lidu t r i n phyong didn n l y vdn hpc Nga, mdt
nen vdn hpe vaeh t r i n thdi hdm danh lpl vd q u y l n
lUe cOa ddng t i l n , m d t n l n vdn hpe d n h bdo vide
dat tdi muc dich cua minh b i n g d e h Idm phyong
hgi d i n ngudi khdc, mpt n l n v i n hpe k h I n g djnh
ring "mye dieh eCia sdng tao Id sy cdng h l l n qudn
minh chU khdng phdi Id vide khua ehldng gidng
trdng, khdng p h l l Id t i i n g tdm - mpt n l n van hpc
nhu vly, cd giiip Ich gl eho hpc sinh tdt nghidp
khdng?
Hdi di, v i n hpe thdm ehl edn ed t h i g l y t r d ngai
Id d i n g khde Vdvj t i t n d s e giup fch eho nhdng
nhilm vu cda vide hidn dai hda, ciia q u i trlnh ddi
mdi, ciia cdng nghd nano
Vly thi tgi sao vdn hpc Igi b| phdn bdi? NguPi
ta khdng mudn nhin t h l y l e y trong hanh dpng
ctia d c quan ehde do g i l o dye g l y ndn, m l e d l u
ddi khi thudng ndy ra nhting y nghi nhU t h i nay:
mdt mat, eal qudn ngudi khdng dpc sleh, tde la
ngudi kdm phdt t r i l n v l mat t r i tud, thi don gidn
hon n h i l u , mdt k h I e ngddi d d khdng bj ddy vd
bdi nhting cdu hdi vTnh cdu khi ndi d i n vide kiem
161: neu d n thi dudi 500 ngddi vd Idm eho gia dinh
cfla hp mat phddng k l sinh nhai md khdng h i bj
"luong t i m d n rdt", n l u d n thi dting eOi chd chen
I5n nhUng kd canh tranh m l khdng suy nghT xem
'ta Id dd sue sinh hay ta ed quyln"
Va tuy the chung ta hay cd khdng suy nghT r i n g
vl Ipi Ich d i n g n g d l y md d e vj quan ehde dd tien
hdnh mpt cudc d l u tranh cd y thdc chdng Igi vide
hoc vdn Cd t h i c h I n g qua hp da qudn khuay m i t
mdn hpc l y Md dOng Id hidn nay khdng cdn d l u
6c ndo d l nghT tdi van hpc nda! Hidn nay ddpe Uu
^i 1^ vi tfnh hda, tin hpc hda, vd rdt eupe I I sU hinh
thinh Idl sdng khde ( h i l u theo nghia the lyc)
Tdi khdng h i p h l n ddi nhdng t h d du tidn k l trdn Chi h i l m mdt ndi Id chdng trai d d se phdt t r i l n thdnh mpt ngddi khde manh v l mat the lUc, r l t thdnh thao m I y vi tinh v d khdng dpc Dostoevski
V I khi l y , lieu cd ndn ngac nhidn v l thdi vd l l l m
si vd t h i i dp vd trdch nhidm mang tinh c h i t phd bien, v l sy hodnh hdnh eiia tdi phgm vd chii nghTa khiing bd, v l quy md ciia ngn tham nhung? Lidu
ed ndn ngac n h i l n I I hidn nay ed t h i ddnh ed gido trUdc mat cdc em nhd, dting hung khi ddnh qud mdt nhd bdo m l minh khdng ung y., Cd Id Id tdi ngdy tho, nhUng tdi van tin chle nhU trUdc day
r i n g ai t i m g roi Id trude sd p h l n cda Raskolnikov', hay chf ft trUdc s6 p h l n ciia eon chd Mumu b i t hanh^ ai da kinh hodng v l cudc sdng ghd tdm quay chung quanh Aliosha Peshkov^ at da tUng run
r i y ciing vdl Nikolai Rostov^ lao vdo cupe t i l n cdng chdng q u I n thti thi ngudi l y mdt tram l l n suy nghi trude khi Idm nhung hdnh dpng bl dl nhU t h i Al Id ngudl sd quan tam den vide ndy? Hdi dl, trdn k h i p
d I t nudc gdm nhieu t r i l u ddn ehl cd moi gido v i l n van hpe md thdi!
Khdng ai se t h u y l t phuc noi tdi r i n g su quan
t i m d i n tinh trang tinh t h i n eiia d e edng d i n I I cdng vide ciia nhd n u d c
Cd the sd phdt trien v l van hpc cua hpe sinh
d n cho phu huynh ciia d c em chang? Hdi dl, mdt
Id, phan Idn hp dgt ra cho minh nhCfng nhiem vy eye kl thyc t l cd lien quan d i n vide giao dye eon
d i Hai Id, tinh trgng van hpe hien nay dUpc hinh thanh khdng phai ehl mdi ngdy hdm qua, do dd chung ta cung da ddnh mat d mdt t h i h i phy huynh Cle hpe sinh hidn nay, hdi di, todn Id con em eua nhung bac cha me khdng dpe sdch
Cdn d n cho ai nda? Cho nhdng nhd qudn If ehIng? Tdi chda bao gIP nghe ndl r i n g trong d c cudc phdng van d l tuyen dung nhan vien, ngUdi ta Igi dd dpng den van h o c
Cho cdc nhd van chIng? Tdi do rang d e nha vdn thue thy d l u eoi vide dda van hpc vdo chuong trinh nhd trudng, ndi ddng ra Id mdt hinh phat Cho d c nhd x u l t bdn chang? That bat tien viet
v l dieu ndy, nhat la khi ban dang ngdi trong chile
' Nhan vdt chfnh trong ti^u thuylt Tfii 3c vk trCmg phat" ciia
F Dostoevski
^"Mumu'-tSn m6t truyfin ngin cCia I.Turgenev ' Nhan vSi chfnh trong b6 ba ty truydn cua M Gorki
"* Nhan vat trong b6 ti^u thuyft sCl tiii,"Chien tranh va hoa blnh'cOa L.Tolstoi (Cac chii thfch cua ngudi djch)
Trang 3ghi biln t i p vidn, nhdng da s6 I n phlm phd c$p
duoc xult bin vdl sd lUpng In rlt Idn sd dT mang
tfnh chit phd c^p Id bdi vl trinh dp eOa nhdng ydu
clu thim mT d ddc gid tilm ndng rlt thIp
Cd t h i dlu sao dilu dd cung d n cho chlnh cdc
trd em chdng? Thyc Idng m l ndl, tdi khdng rd vl|c
chdng cd nhdn thdc ddpe sy d n thilt cCia nhdng
kiln thdc sdu sle hay khdng
V$y thi chlng nhd qui thye sy phlt triln vdn
hpe khdng d n cho mpt ai hay sao! M^t ngydi dam
md dpc sdeh, hon nda, bilt dpc mpt deh am hilu,
bilt cdm nh|n mpt deh tinh t l , mpt ngydi cd trii
tim nhin hlu, bilt suy nghT, bilt dIt ra nhdng clu
hdi khdng ehl mang tinh chit sinh hogt md cdn
mang d tinh chit sinh tdn - mPt con ngddl nhd
v^y chIng nhd Igi khdng d n eho bit cd al trong
mOt dIt nddc r^ng Idn timg tgo nln m$t nln vin
hpc Vl DAI? Nlu tin vdo dilu ly thi cd nghTa Id
khdng cdn tin vdo nyde Nga nda
Nhdng, thug d c ngdi, chung ta khdng chl Id
d e quan ehde, cdc nhl kinh doanh, d c nhd sd
phgm, ede bde phu huynh Ngoli t i t el d e vai trd
x l hdi cda chung ta ra, ehiing ta edn cd thdm mpt
vai trd cyc kl quan trpng nda: chung ta dlu sao
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIllllllllllllHIIIIMIIIIMIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllinillllllMIIIIIIMIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIinilinilllllllllllllllUIIIIIII^
cung Id NHCNG CON NGUdl Vly hd ed ehl bdn thin chdng ta, nhdng ngddi dypc gido due bing
d e tde phlm cda Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, Chekhov,
hd cd ehl ehdng ta Igi tddc dogt nilm vui dd cCia dc con em chdng ta?
Trong cupe ehgy dua theo d c cdng nghd nano, li^u chung ta ed biln nln vin hpe vi dai cOa chdng ta thdnh thdvdn hpe nano, mdtthdvin hpc mdng manh vd eye nhd d i n ndl nd hlu nhy khdng nhin thly dypc?
Chlnh mpt nhl tho Nga vT dgi mdi mit deh dly khdng llu da viet: "Mpi tiln bp dlu Id ph^n ddng nlu nhd eon ngddi bj tilu vong"
Hay Id chung ta eung chua dpe nhl tho dd?
U Son dieh
(Theo "Literaturnaja gazeta' sd 4, nim 2011)
SUMMARY
The writer presents some thoughts on the roles played by literature subject in contemporary Russian schools
NHO CAO GIAO TIER CUA THIEU NIEN VOl CHA ME O^P theo trang 42}
d u eao hon nhdm hpc sinh Id con cd (A" = 1.89 so
vdl 1.61 vd 1.59)
4 Ket luan
Oa s6 hpc sinh cd nhu clu giao tllp vdl eha me
Id tuong ddi thIp, nhu d u glao tilp vdl me cd phln
nhtnh hon so vdi cha, nhdng nhin chung d hpc sinh
THCS nhu d u glao tllp vdi cha m? d c em cd xu
hudng gidm din khi d e em ldn Cde em nam ed nhu
d u giao tiep cao hon d c em nd, hpc sinh cd hpc
lyc gidi, khd cung ed nhu elu giao tllp vdl cha me
cao hon nhOmg em cd hpe lyc trung binh vd ylu Hpc
sinh Id con cd vd eon tit ed nhu d u glao tllp vdi me
cao hon hpc sinh Id con gliig, edn d6l vdl eha nhting
em hpc sinh Id con dt lal ed nhu elu glao tllp cao hon
so vdl nhdng hpc sinh Id con d Hpe sinh eOng dda
ra nhilu nguydn nhdn din din nhu elu glao tllp vdl
cha me eOa d c em suy gidm nhu^ cha m? b^n rdn,
gid gilc sinh hoat cOa cha me vd con Idch nhau, deh
glao tiep eOa eha me ludn dp ddt, quan nilm deh
nhin nhin vin d l thddng trdi ngdpe nhau
TAI Lieu THAM KHAO
1 Ngd Cdng Holn, Tdm // hpc gia dinh, NXB
trddng DHSP Hd Ndl, 1993
2 Ld Tiln Hting, Niim vui cOa cha me,, NXB Phu
nd, 1978
3 V.l Lebedep, Tdm //xd hdi trong qudn II, NXB
Su thdt, 1989
4 Ode Minh, Gido dgc gia dinh vd tudi thiiu niin,
NXB Phy nd, 1977
5 Phil MeGrawf, Gia dinh trin hit, NXB Vdn hda
thdng tin, 2005
SUMMARY
The publication Is focused on exploring the communicative needs among young children with their parents The research findings are analyzed and compared in respect of multiple criteria, including, for example, grade, learning ability, location, sex The article has shown the level and cause of impact
on eommunieati\^ needs among young children with their parents