BM1l(iUilrQ[llll(KTlPMRllS(illU(llG(f11lHSUPRi THEO OOAN BIf M TlNG COtNG BINH HITOHG SO PHAM O ThS HA N G O C PHU* Tdng cudng djnh budng su phgm (TCDHSP) dgy hgc (DH) cdc mdn khoa hoe co bdn (KHCB) I[.]
Trang 1BM1l(iUilrQ[llll(KTlPMRllS(illU(llG(f11lHSUPRi THEO OOAN BIf M TlNG COtNG BINH HITOHG SO PHAM
O ThS HA N G O C PHU*
Tdng cudng djnh budng su phgm (TCDHSP)
dgy hgc (DH) cdc mdn khoa hoe co bdn
(KHCB) Id quan diim (QD) DH nhdm ddp
Ong mye tieu DH hien dang nhdn dugc sy quan
Idm cOa nhilu nhd khoa hgc, gidng vien (GV) d
ede frudng SP Theo dd, viec ddnh gid (DG) kit
qud bgc tap (KQHT) cdc mdn KHCB cuo sinh vien
su phgm (SVSP) cung cdn ddm bdo nhung tjdc
thu rieng
1 Sy cdn t h i l t TCDHSP trong gidng dgy
mdn Dgi sd dgi cuong (DSDC) d frudng SP
Ndi dung mdn DSDC boo gdm kiln thuc co
bdn v l ede edu true Dgi so (DS): nhdm, vdnh,
frudng, vdnh do thuc mdt vd nhieu d'n, vdnh chinh,
vdnh Euclide, Ddy Id mdn hpc cd vj fri quan
frpng trong ehuong trinh ddo tgo gido vien todn
phd thdng Ngodi vide cung cd'p kiln thuc co bdn
cho cdc mdn Sd bgc (SH) vd DS khde, kiln thuc
cOa mdn DSDC the hi^n rd (trSn mdt phgm vi rdng)
sy khdi qudt cua cdc ndi dung DS, SH d chuong
frinh mdn Todn d trudng phd thdng Vi dy: cdc
tinh chd't (glao hodn, kit hpp, nhdn vdi sd 1) cua
ph6p nhdn trong tdp cdc so h; nhldn N d phd
thdng chinh Id cdc tISn d l eua cd'u triic vj nhdm
nhdn giao hodn frong mdn DSDC d djnh hudng;
khdi nifm phdn ft/ bdt khd quy the hien frong
chuong frinh todn phd thdng chinh Id khdi niem
so nguyen td; phep xdy dyng tdp sd hOu ti duong
chinh Id sy f h l hifn eua djnh li dd'i xung hod vd
djnh li xdy dyng frudng cdc thuong eua mdt miln
nguyin, Mdt khdc, trong chuong frinh mdn Todn
d pnd thdng, SH vd DS Id mpt bd phdn xuyen
sud't Nhu vgy, KQHT mdn DSDC cOa SVSP dnh
hudng d$c bl^t den chd't lupng dgy vd hgc mdn
Todn d phd thdng trong cdng tdc cua hg sou ndy
Do d$c dilm vd tdm dnh hudng ndy, gidng dgy
mdn DSDC a trudng SP cd dieu kien thudn Ipi
ddm bdo m$t trong cdc nguyen tdc cOa cdng tdc
ddo tgo GV Id kit ngp chdt che cdc kiln thuc se
dgy vdi nhimg kiln tht/c vd kT ndng (KN) cdn thiet
d l phye vy cho DH QD TCDHSP frong DH mdn
Todn ndi chung, mdn DSDCd frudng SP ndi rieng
Tap chi Glao due s6 3 0 0 (ki a - ia/aoia>
Id tgo ra sy thdm nhdp Idn nhau nhi/ng kiln thuc
v l KHCB vd khoa hgc gido dye (KHGD), tgo d i l u kien cho sinh vien (SV) trdi qua vd phdn tich dugc nhOng tinh hudng ve mdt kiln thuc md hp se gdp vdi hpc sinh sou ndy
2 V I DG KQHT mdn Todn d frudng SP theo
QD TCDHSP Theo tdc gid Nguyen Thj Lan Phuong, KQHT dupe hiiu theo hai quan niem khdc nhau: - Muc
dp thdnh tich md ngudi hoc dd dgt dupe xem xet
frong mdi quan hf vdi cdng sue, thdi gian bd ra
so vdi mye tiSu xde djnh; - Muc dd ngudi hpc dd dgt dupe so vdi nhirng bgn khdc DO hiiu theo cdch ndo thi KQHT cung d l u the hien d muc dd dgt dupe cdc mye tieu DH d cdc phuong dien: nhdn thuc, hdnh ddng, xue edm vd dupe ey f h l hod fhdnh cdc myc tieu v l kiln thuc, KN, thdi dp
dd'i vdi tung mdn hpc QD v l DG KQHT eua ngudi
bgc Id qud trinh thu thdp thdng tin, phdn tich vd li gidi thuc trgng viic dgt muc tieu bgc tap eua ngudi bgc, tim hiiu nguyin nhdn, ra nbifng auyifdjnb
su phgm giup ngudi bgc hgc tap tiin od (1)
Kit hpp QD v l DG KQHT dd neu vd QD v l TCDHSP trong gidng day mdn Todn d trudng SP,
chung tdi quan niem rdng: EX) KQHT mdn Todn
d trudng SP theo QD TCDHSP Id qud trinh thu ibdp, phdn tich, xi) li thdng tin vi K(2HT mdn hgc theo QD ndy tren co sd dd'i chiiu muc tiiu hgc tap mdn hgc dd xde djnh, tif dd tgo ca sd cho nbifng quyit djnh flip theo cua GV
Theo QD TCDHSP, mye tieu hpc tap mdn Todn
eua SVSP dupe xde djnh tren ed hoi phuong dien:
- nhdn thuc he thd'ng tri thuc KHCB; - khal thdc, si> dyng kiln thuc thdm nhdp vdo DH cdc yeu fd todn hgc frong chuong trinh phd thdng Theo dd, qud
frinh phdn tich, xu li fhdng tin v l KQHT mdn hpc
theo QD TCDHSP ddi hdi xem xet cd hoi phuong dien ndy
3 Mdt sd d i l m cdn luu y frong DG KQhlT mdn DSDC theo QD TCDHS
'MngSailiQcHiingVifong
Trang 2So vdi edeh DG truyen thdng (chu yeu don
thudn DG mdt nhdn thuc kiln thuc thudn tuy), cdch
DG KQHT mdn DSDC theo QD TCDHSP ed su
khdc bift hon vi ddi hdi DG them mdt «chud'n bj
nghi" cho SV quo mdn hpc Bdi sy khdc biet ndy,
trong DG, GV cdn luu y:
1) Cdng khal hod cdc muc do cdn dgt vi
KQHT mdn hgc eua ngudi bgc theo QD
TCDHSP Theo QD TCDHSP, myc'tieu hpc tdp
mdn DSEfC d frudng SP chO frpng d i n yeu cdu
chud'n bj day SH, DS d trudng phd thdng cOo
SV GV cdn cdng khoi hod tdi SV (vdo thdi dilm
khi bdt ddu tiep cdn mdn hpc) v l mye tieu mdn
hpc theo cdc tTnh vyc:
a) Vi nhdn thuc, KN: Blit: Nhdn bilt, ghi
nhd vd nhdc Igi nhi/ng kiln thOe co bdn v l cd'u
trOc DS, tinh chdt, eua mdn hgc Xde djnh dugc
vj tri d l cdp cuo cdc ndi dung kiln thuc trong
chuang trinh phd fhdng; Thdng hiiu: Thdng
hieu y nghTa, bdn chd't khdi niem phep todn hoi
ngdi; bd phdn d'n djnh; khdi niem, ede tinh chd't
chia h i t cua ede phdn tu frong vdnh cdc do thuc
tren mdt trudng; khdi niem, tinh chd't cuo cdc
phdn tu bd't khd quy; da thuc dd'i xung tren vdnh
giao hodn, Ddm bdo xdu chudi chinh xde,
logic, chdt che kien thuc Ndm dugc muc do,
QD d l cdp cOa kiln thi/c mdn hgc trong chuang
frinh SH vd DS d p h d fhdng; Hiiu rd tinh khdi
qudt cOo mdt so odi tupng todn hpc: quan he,
dnh xg, phep todn, cdc cd'u trOc OS, dd'i vdi
kiln thOc tuong ung d phd thdng; Xde djnh dugc
kiln thuc trgng tdm quylt djnh tdi sy khdi ciudt
ndy; - Vdn dyng: Vdn dyng kiln thuc mdn hgc
d l gidi cdc bdi tdp cua mdn DSDC vd cdc mdn
hgc cd lien quon; cd khd ndng gidi quyet dugc
cdc tinh hudng kiln thuc mdi frgn co sd nIn kiln
thuc mdn hgc, phdt hien sol Idm trong gidi quylt
vd'n d l vd d i l u chinh sal Idm; cd khd ndng khdi
qudt, truu tugng hod tu cdc tinh hudng don le
auen thudc sang cdc tinh hudng phuc tgp Su
yng kien thuc cua mdn hgc de hieu sdu sdc,
dung bdn chd't ede kiln thuc SH, DS lien quan
trong chuang frinh phd thdng SO dyng ede
phuong phdp gidi todn trong mdn hgc d l gidi
todn pnd fhdng (dde biet Id todn cho dd'i tupng
hpc sinh chuyen, hgc sinh khd, gidi); - Phdn tieh:
Phdn chia, xde ldp logic cdc kiln thuc, chi ra
dugc cdc y l u td co bdn phdt sinh vd cd'u thdnh
kiln thuc; so sdnh, tim sy gidng nhau, khdc nhau,
xde ldp md'i lien he phy thudc glOa cdc kiln
thuc bp phdn cua mdn hgc vd cdc mdn hpc khde
Bilt phdn tich, nhdn dien, khai thdc, st/ dyng
nhCrng kiln thuc ndy de su dyng trye t i l p hodc
gjdn tiep DH todn phd thdng; - Td'ng hgp: Tdm
tdt, khdi qudt hod, ldp ludn, tdp hpp, sdp xep, lya chpn, st/ dyng, phdi hpp cdc kiln thuc cOo mdn hpc trong he thd'ng kiln thuc chuyen nghiep cua ehuong trinh ddo tgo; Phdi hop linh hogt kiln thuc nhilu mdn hgc de thdo go, phdn ung nhanh frudc nhi/ng tinh hudng kiln thuc trong DH SH vd
OS d phd thdng; - EX3: Cd kha ndng phe phdn,
DG, ldp ludn, nhgn djnh ve gid trj kiln thuc mdn
DSDC; DG gid frj st> dyng trong mdn DSDC vd
cdc mdn hgc khde; £X3 uu dilm, hgn c h l eua viec frinh bdy kiln thuc mdn hpc trong chuong frinh mdn Todn d DH vd d phd thdng
bj Ve thdi do Nhdn thuc dugc vol trd, vj tri
mdn DSDC frong chuang trinh ddo hao; Cd y thuc xdy dyng, ndng coo frinh dp cOa bdn thdn; Ren luyen thdi quen xem xet ede vd'n d l trong mdi quan he nhieu mdt, ndng ddng, sdng fpo trong loo ddng, cdn eO vupt khd; Cd KN ty vgch ke hogch, h/ thyc hien k l hogch hgc tdp, KN dgc tdi lieu, ghi chep, lya chpn tdi lieu cd lien quan den mdn hoc; Cd khd ndng thyc hien cdc sdng kiln kinh nghiem, tdp dupt nghien cuu khoa hpc trSn
CO sd nhOng hieu bilt v l KHCB vd KHGD
2) Phdn chia ti le thang diem DG theo /i>ng phuong dien GV cdn xde djnh thong dilm ddi
vdi tOng bdi KT hay thang dilm DG cd aud trinh ddi vdi hai phuong dien tren Viee lya chpn ti le diem cuo phuong dien thu nhd't dd'i vdi phuong dien thu hoi cdn phy thupc vdo QD cd nhdn tung
GV Tuy nhien, chung tdi cho rdng: Khdng the
DG mdt SVSP dot diem khd, gidi cua mdn hoc (sou ndy se frye tiep DH d trudng phd thdng) md Igi khdng b i l t kiln thuc dd se giup gi cho minh khi dgy d trudng phd thdng hodc chi biet rd cd'u frOe mdn hgc d trudng phd thdng md thilu hiiu bilt tudng tdn mgeh logic tri thuc mdn hgc HiSn nay, ti le khdi kiin thuc KHCB vd KHGD d cdc frudng SP Viet Nam Id 85% - 15% (cOo mot sd nude fren t h i gidi: Anh, Nga, Hoa Ki, Phdp, Uc,
Id khodng 70% - 30%) Trong yeu cdu hdi nhdp
tren eo sd nghien cuu kinh nghiem qudc t l , ti \i
ndy trong ede trudng SP cOo nude fa ed xu hudng dupe ndng len Nhu vdy, theo QD TCDHSP, ti IS dilm frong DG KQHT mdn DSDC nen 7:3 Id hgp
Ii Tuy nhien, ti le cdn ed t h i cdn dd'i tdng, gidm Kjy dd'i h/png SV Tren thyc te, mde du cd nhOng kiln thuc eua mdn hpc cd t h i khdng su dyng In/c Hip DH SH vd DS d phd thdng nhung theo QD nhilu tdng bdc v l Knh chd't eua todn hgc thi nhOng kiln tht/c dd dugc su dyng gidn tiep cho dgy
Tap chi Glao due so 3 0 0 (ki a • la/aoia)
Trang 3mdn Todn phd thdng Vi$c cho dilm phuong dien
thu hai vdo cdc ndi dung ndy bdt budc ngudi
hoc phdi xem xet kl cdc tdng bdc khdi qudt nod
eua kiln thuc mdn DSDC khi tiep cdn mdn hgc
nhdm Knh d i n vide thich ung vdi nhung ySu edu
cdi cdeh chuong trinh todn phd thdng frong nhung
giai dogn tilp theo
3} Viec DG cdn tgo diiu kiin ibOc ddy cdch
nip cdn hgc tap chuyin sdu cho ngudi hoc,
kMng nen qud ndng ni vi phdn logi Trong hoc
tdp, f i ^ cdn chuyen sdu Id hinh thirc tilp cdn kiln
ihOc d muc do nhdn thOe cao vi mye dich hodn thien
nhdn thuc khdeh ciuon cho bdn thdn ngudi hgc,
khdng vi myc dich Idy dilm sd hpc tdp Mdt khdc,
ddi K»png SVSP Todn hopt ddng hpc tdp cua hp
mang tinh dde ldp, fri Kie coo; myc dich hpc tgp
theo QD TCDHSP Id tilp ttiu cdc fri thOc todn hgc d i
hinh thdnh nhung KN, kT xdo nghe nghiep Nhu
vdy, cd thi khdng djnh Kem ndng tilp cdn kiln tht/c
chuybn sdu cuo SV Id sdn ed vd GV cd frdch nhiem
phdt huy d hp khd ndng ndy Vi vdy, DG KQHT
mdn DSDCtheo QD TCDHSP cung cdn tinh din viec
ddm bdo yeu cdu ndy
4) Tdng cudng KN ti/DG KQHT mdn hgc
cho SV Ddy Id viee Idm cdn thiet giOp SV K/ thu
fhgp, xu li thdng tin ve qud trinh hgc tdp mdn
hgc, giup hg ty nhin nhdn Igi ndng lye eua minh
nhdm lya chgn, tien hdnh cdc hogt ddng thich
hgp d l ddm tido mye tieu hpc tdp HiSn nay, ede
frudng SP ehu y l u ddo tgo theo hgc c h l tin ehi,
quy thdi gian K/ nghiSn cuu bdi hgc cOo SV dugc
ndng ISn, quy thdi gian Idm viSc eOng GV cOa
SV bi gidm di trong khi ySu edu v l mye Keu mdn
hgc riieo QD TCDHSP <3di hdi cao hon Do dd,
td't y l u ddi hdi ngudi hpc phdt trien khd ndng Kr
E)G KQHT D l thyc hien tdt d i l u ndy, GV cdn ren
luy^n cho SV ede thao tdc cdn thilt d l h/ DC kit
qud mdn hpc (ty xde djnh mye HSu, nhiem vy hpc
t^p, cdc tieu chi DG, cdch thu thdp, xt/ li thdng tin
d§ h/ £X5, cdch ty rOt kinh nghiSm, h/ d i l u chinh
hoat ddng hoe fdp ), cdn ndng cao y thuc cho
SV'vl vd'n d l h/ DG, rin luyen KN h/ DG KQHT
cOa hgc sinh sou ndy
5) Cdi tidn hinh thuc KT, DG, cdch xdy dung
di ihl V I cdc hinh thi/c KT, tX5: ngodi cdc bdi
KT thudng xuyfin fruyin thd'ng, GV cd t h i DG
KQHT qua vifc chd'm d i l m bdi tdp Idn, nghien
ei>u khoa hoc, v l khal thdc, su dyng ede kiln
tht)c mdn hpc phye vy cho vl6c dgy frong chuong
frinh phd flidng hiSn hdnh theo chu de Ngodi
ra, cd t h i kit hpp kit qud r6n luySn nghldp vy SP
thudng xuySn cua SV d l DG
Tap chi Glao due s6 3 0 0 (ki a la/aoiai
V I he thd'ng cdu hdi, bdi tdp st/ dyng cho qud frinh KT, DG cdn bd sung them ede bdi tdp, ede cdu hdi nhdm DG muc dp su dyng kiln thuc mdn hpc frong DH todn DS vd SH phd thdng Vi dy:
1 Neu ede thi biin cua kiin thuc ve da thuc bdt khd quy trong chuong trinh mdn Todn phd thdng? Theo anb (cbj), kbi DH vi ede vd'n de dd tbi can luu y nbifng dieu gi?; 2 Trinh bdy quan diim, muc do frinh bdy ve phdn tu ngbjch ddo, phdn tu ddi xifng cua cdc phep todn trong chuang trinh phd thdng?; 3 Cho bdi todn: Chifng minh rdng khdng ton tgi hdm: thoa mdn: Gidi bdi todn tren bdng edng eu eua mdn DSDC a DH, sau dd van dung tinh khdi qudt cua kii'n thuc di chi biin thdnh ldi gidi so cdp cho bdi todn
* * «
Mdn DSDC cd vj tri quan frpng frong ehuong
frinh ddo tgo GV todn bdi tdm khdi qudt rdng, xuyen sud't kiln thuc trong chuong frinh phd thdng
KQHT mdn DSDC ciia SVSP gdy dnh hudng dde
biet din chd't lupng dgy vd hpc mdn Todn d phd thdng frong edng tdc cOa hg sou ndy Vi vdy, viee
DG KQHT mdn hpc ndy theoQO TCDHSPcdn dupe ehu trpng Kr viee cdng khoi mye tieu cdn dgt d ngudi hgc, xdy dyng thang diem h/ng phuong dien tdi viee cdi Kin d l thi, hinh thuc KT, DG Q (1) NguySn Thj Lan Phuong (chii bien) - Diromg Van
Hung - Nguy§n Di/c Minh - NguySn Le Thjch Dinh
gii ket qui hpc tip cua hpc sinh phd thdng - M^t stf
vSn de li luin vi thuc tien NXB Gido diic Vi^t Nam,
H.2011
Tii li€u tham khio
1 D^ii hpc quO'c gia Ha Npi - Trudng D?i hpc suph^m
Nghiin ciiu liinh nghibm cdc nudrc vd di xudt md hinh ddo tao gido viin phifc v(( cho su nghiSp cdng nghiip hod, hien d(ii hod ddt nude Ki y£fu hOi thao di tai d$c
biet cSp Dai hpc quO'c gia Hi NOi 1999
2 NguySn Canh Toin - Le Khanh Bllng (ddng chu
bien) Phuong phip d^y va hpc dai hpc NXB D(ii
hpc supham, H 2009
3 Dang Quang Vi^t Tdng cudmg dinh hu&ng suphpm
trong day hpc Dpi sS dpi cuong thdng qua vifc xdy dung mdt s6' chuyin di tu chpn cho sinh viin Todn cao ddng su phpm Lujn an Ti^n si Giao due hpc,
Vien Khoa hpc giao dye 2001
SUMMARY
Assessment leaarlng outconmessubijects General algebraic in colleges of education follow perspective Strengthen the pedagogical orientcriion, hcrve an im-portant role In preparation knowledge and skBIs peda-gogical for math teacher after graduotkjn