GOP PHAN NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAY HOG TROYfN NGAN VIET NAM 1930 1945 (CHOllNi; TIlNH H G O V A N H ) O NGUYEN THI THU H I 6 N * Bdu fh l ki XX, nen vdn hgc phdt trien mgnh me fheo hudng hien dgi hda, Idm[.]
Trang 1GOP PHAN NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAY HOG TROYfN NGAN VIET NAM 1930-1945 (CHOllNi; TIlNH H G O V A N H )
O NGUYEN THI THU H I 6 N *
Bdu f h l ki XX, nen vdn hgc phdt trien mgnh
me fheo hudng hien dgi hda, Idm nen nhifng
thdnh tyu rye ro gioi dogn 1930-1945, dgc
bift vdi the logi truyen ngdn Ddi voi gido vien
(GV) Ngu vdn, viec tgo dugc «dn fugng" sdu
sdc cho hge sinh (HS) trong tiet hge ve fruyf n
ngdn thye sy Id mgt thu thdeh, nhd't Id dd'i vdi
nhifng fruyf n ngdn kit tinh cd ve gid frj ngi dung
Idn gid trj nghf thudt nhu truyfn ngdn hifn dgi
Vift Nam giai dogn 1930-1945 Bdi viet d l xud't
mdt vdi bifn phdp cy the nhdm gdp phdn ndng
coo hifu qud dgy hgc truyfn ngdn Viet Nam
gioi dogn ndy
1 Phdn dgc, tim hieu v l tdc g i d , GV thudng
cung cd'p eho HS nhung kien thifc co bdn ve tieu
su, con ngudi, sy nghifp vdn hgc, quan diem
nghe thudt, qud trinh sdng fdc vd tdc phdm chfnh
cuo fdc gid dy Tuy nhien, ed mgt thyc te Id sou
ede bdi hgc v l fdc phdm hay tdc gid , do so HS
khdng neu dugc nhifng net chfnh ve sy nghiep
vdn ehuong, net ndi bdt ve phong cdch nghf thudt
cuo tde gid dd
Vd'n de dgt ro Id GV edn ldm gi de phdn gidi
thifu tde gid sinh ddng, de nhd hon? Kinh nghiem
cho thdy, su lien hf, suy ludn mang tinh logic
giifa fdc phdm, thdi dgi, hodn cdnh sdng tdc,
cudc ddi, cd finh nhd vdn vdi quan diem sdng fdc
vd nhi/ng ddng gdp nghf thudt cua nhd vdn Id
rd't quon frgng Chdng hgn, vdi tde gid Thgch Lam,
GV cd the dgt edu hdi: Cd tinh Thgch Lam ed tdc
ddng, dnh hudng din ngi dung sang tac vd phong
edeh nghi thudt eua dng khong? HS se lien tudng
vd suy ludn fu tde phdm, hodn cdnh xud't thdn,
md'i quon hf gia dinh, ngudi thdn cua Thgch Lam,
nhd't Id ed tinh Thgch Lam: «ngudi ddn hdu vd rd't
ddi finh t l " ( 1 ; fr.94) de Idm sdng Id ndi dung
sdng tde vd dgc trung phong cdeh eiJa tdc gid:
«fruyfn khdng ed chuyfn, ehu yeu khai thdc the
gidi ndi tdm cuo nhdn vgf vdi nhifng edm xue
mong manh, mo hd trong cudc sdng thudng
ngd/", «Mol fruyfn cua Thgch Lam nhu mdt bdi
tho trif finh, gigng dieu diem dgm nhung chuo dyng biet boo tinh edm men yeu chdn fhdnh vd
sy nhgy cdm cua tdc gid " ( 1 ; tr.94) Nhu vgy, bdng cdch neu vd'n d l , hudng HS khoi thde kien thifc CO bdn ve cudc ddi, sy nghifp vdn hgc, quan diem nghf thudt cuo fdc gid, GV giup HS rut
ra nhirng nhgn xet neu bdt dgc trung sdng tdc cua nhd vdn dy Vdi cdch Idm ndy, HS bilt van dyng kiln thuc dd cd, biet lien hf fodn difn (cd tinh - eon ngudi - sy nghifp vdn chuong ) d l hinh thdnh d'n h/gng cd dgng, sdu sdc ve fdc gid
D l tgo chd't tinh vd dgng eho tirng fdc gid, GV cd
the su dyng thoo tdc so sdnh Vi dy, so sdnh Nguyen Tudn vdi Thgch Lam, neu Thgch Lam sdng
don hdu, tdc phd'm Id nhifng bdi tho trif tinh ehua ddy nhifng rung edm tinh ti', thi Nguyen Tudn
mang net cd tinh «ngdng", «ham me xi djeh",
say me tim cdi dep, van phong ihe hifn sy trou ehud't kT ludng, tfnh uyen bdc
Trong phdn fim hieu v l fdc gid, GV ciing cdn van dyng phucmg phdp ljch su, tue Id dd'i chilu tifng giai dogn Idn cuo cudc ddi, dde diem sdng tdc cuo fdc gid vdi hodn ednh Ijeh su dd't nude de thdy nhifng thay ddi ro net ve quan diem, ndi dung sdng fdc cuo tdc gid dy Vi dy: dgy hgc v l fdc gio Nguyen Tudn: Trude Cdch mgng thdng Tdm, trong hodn cdnh dd't nude bj thyc ddn Phdp
dd hd, thdn phdn ngudi nghf sT khdng thodt khdi finh cdnh chung cuo ngudi ddn mgt nude nd If Buc cdnh trude hodn ednh, Nguyin Tudn «ed' y
lay cdi «tdi" tdi hoo, ngdng nghf nh ciia minh d l
dd'i ldp vdi xd hdi tdm thudng, phdm tyc" (1; tr.108) Nhung sou Cdch mgng thdng Tdm, ciing vdi chd't nghe sT, tdi ndng dde ddo, khdng lap Igi, dng di vdo khdm phd net nghf sT, fdi hoa
o nhung con ngudi lao ddng (Ngudi Idi dd Sdng Dd) Hoy, vdi nhd vdn l^lom Cao, «eudc ddi cdm but Nam Coo ludn suy nghT v l vd'n d l «sd'ng vd vilf" Trong hodn ednh xd hdi Vift Nam trude ' Tnaig TIPT Npjrea Hjii Thp, TP 116 Chi Minh
Trang 2Cdch mgng thdng Tdm, ngdi but Nam Cao hudng
vdo cudc sdng ddy bi kich cua ngudi ndng ddn
vd tri thuc nghio Nhd vdn y thifc rdng: «Mdf tdc
phdm thdt gid trj phdi vugt len ben fren td't ed
mgl bd cdi vd gidi hgn, phdi Id mdt tdc phdm
chung eho cd lodi ngudi " ( I ; f r l 3 9 ) Sou Cdeh
mgng thdng Tdm, Nam Coo «sSn sdng hi sinh
thir «nghf thudt coo siSu" cuo minh vdi y nghT:
Lgl ich cuo ddn fdc Id tren het" ( 1 ; fr.139)
2 Oi sdu tim hieu tdc phd'm, GV thudng chu
trgng phdn tich ndi dung, tu dd riif ro net dde
ddo v l nghf thudt hodc phdn tfch ngi dung, nghf
thudt rdi duo ro nhdn djnh, ddnh gid v l gid trj
hifn thyc, nhdn dgo cuo tdc phdm Bdi hge kit
thuc, nhilu HS vdn khdng nhd duge nhdn vdt vd y
dd nhd vdn gt/i gdm quo nhdn vdt, tde phdm
Cd mdt nguyen tde tdm li Id mudn nhd Idu v l
mgt oi, mdt d i l u gi dd phdi ed nguyen ed, dd Id
sy dm dnh Tgo ro sy dm dnh Id tgo ra mdt d'n
fugng mgnh me, duy nhd't, tgo sy lien tudng sdu
dgm, du bo Khi dgy hge «Hai dua tre", d l HS
edm nhdn duge buc tranh hiin thyc phd huyen
nghio ndn, tdm tdi, sd phdn nhung ngudi ddn
nghio bi nhd, bi' tdc, GV edn tgo duge d cdc
em dilm «nhd'n" tdm li Chdng hgn, phdt hifn su
lay ddng ft/ ddi mdt cuo nhdn vgf Lien Ody cung
chinh Id «dilm nhin" cua Thgch Lorn trong tde
phdm GV ed f h l nf u edu hdi: 7t> cdp mdt quan
sdt eija Uin, ta bStgdp duge nhi/ng gi trong thi'
gidl tdm trgng ct/o nhdn vgf vd trong tinh cdm
eua Thgch Lam? HS suy nghT, phdt hifn vd nhdn
xft Chdng hgn (dy kiln HS trd Idi): Ddi mdt eua
nhdn vdt ehi/a dung mgi cung bdc cua tdm trgng:
budn, vui, ddng edm xdt thuong, noi dau nen
Idng, mong dgi khdc khodi, tham sdu, yen finh
vd chju dyng Hdu het cdc edu vdn hudng ngogi
cd vi nhu td cdnh bin ngodi nhung cap mdt quan
sdt kf ludng dy Id sy dien dgt eua mat thi gidi
tdm hdn da edm, dgt ddo nhifng rung ngdn Cap
mdt Uin vdl nhi/ng gdc nhin tinh ti', phdi chdng
Id biSu hiin ciJa mgt tdm hdn dep, trdn ddy yiu
ihuong, ddy tinh nhdn vdn cua Thgch Lam? Ddy
chinh Id Thgch Lam, vdn Thgch Lam hudng ngi,
chan ehua mdt tinh yiu, tinh yiu qui huong, tinh
yiu ddnh cho ngudi ddn ngheo a Idng qui,
3 Dgy hge truyfn ngdn Vift Nam 1930-1945,
bfn egnh thoo fdc gltjp HS tiep nhgn tde phdm d
cdc phuong difn cdt fruyfn, nhdn vdt, kit cd'u,
ehi tilt, finh hud'ng, GV cung cdn giiip HS ed
cdi nhin bao qudt v l truyfn ngdn gioi dogn ndy
nhu: Hodn cdnh xd hdi, khuynh hudng sdng tde, quon niem nghf thudt, sdc d i f u fhdm mT 6 khuynh huong Vdn hge Idng mgn vd Van hge hifn thyc Viet Nam gioi doan 1930-1945, Kf phong cdch, but phdp den gigng difu, d l u ed nhung edeh tdn GV nen dgt vdn d l ndy de HS cdm tht/c, chiem nghifm Chdng hgn, ed f h l neu
cdu hdi: Nhirng thdnh cdng rye rd cua ede tde
phdm truyen ngdn hien dgi Viet Nam 1930-1945
dd Idm eho anh/chj cd suy nghT gi ve sue sdng vdn hgc ddn tde? Du kiln ket ludn: Dien bien lich
su vd hiin thye euge sdng nhiiu bien ddng Id cdi
«nin" cho nhifng ngdi but dieu luyin, cho sy nhgy edm cua nhd vdn trude thdi dgi mdi Chuo bao gid vdn ddn toa sdng nhu giai dogn ndy Ki't tinh eua sy tuong Idc, giao thoa giifa nhd von -hiin thyc Ijeh su Id nhifng tin tudi, nhifng thdnh hru vdn hgc rye rd HS cd sy phdn tich, dd'i sdnh
trong mdi tuong quan giifa nhd vdn tde phdm -trdo luu nghe thudt vd fhdi dgi hay khdng Id phy
thugc d GV Dgng cdu hdi md; Sd phdn, euge
ddi nhdn vat trong tde phdm dd phdn dnh xa hdi duong thdi nhu thi' ndo? Anh/chj ed thi' tudng tugng ra ddi sdng vdt chdt, vdn hda tinh thdn eua ngudi ddn Viet giai dogn ndy, sau khi hge tde phdm khdng? Diiu gi khiin nhdn vdt thdn thugc, gdn gui nhung cung ddy si/c cudn hut ddi vdi anh/chj? giup HS tdi hifn chdn dung qud khif
(sy kifn Ijeh st/, con ngudi, quon hf xd hdi, gioi cd'p, ); kheu ggi bdn khodn, ddnh thue h/ duy, tinh edm cuo ngudi hge tu finh chdn thye ljch st/, tinh nhdn vdn vd sy Idng dgng d tdng mgeh vdn hdo md nhd vdn d l Igi frong fdc phdm
* • *
Oe HS ed d'n fugng v l tdc phdm dugc hge, nhd nhifng net ehinh v l euge ddi, sy nghifp tdc gid, ndm dugc hf thd'ng nhdn vdt, dyng y nghf thudt ciio tdc gid, GV cdn ddu tu thdi gion, tdm fri eho bdi gidng, chgn cdeh f l i p edn vd khoi thde vdn bdn hgp li; ve phio HS, edn phdt huy tinh thdn tich eye, chu ddng vd sdng tgo frong
hge tdp •
(1) BO GD-DT Ngu- van 11, tap 1 NXB Gido due,
H 2009
Tai li^u tham khao
1 BO GD-DT Chuong trinh giao due phd thOng mon
Ngu-van NXB Gido due, H 2005
2 Nguyen Viit Chif Phmmg phap day hpc tac phim
(Xem tiep trang 41)
Trang 3gido DTTS hgc TV, nguyen tdc, ndi dung, phuong
phdp chudn bj TV cho trf em DTTS Ode bief, cdn
hudng ddn GV edeh xdy dyng ke hogch gido
dye tdng ctrong TV cho trf mdu gido DTTS d mdi
chtj de frong thuc hifn chuong frinh gido dye mdm
non, cdeh xde djnh mye tidu phdt trien ngdn ngif
phii hgp vdi khd ndng eua tre DTTS vd myc tieu
edn dgt ciio chu d l theo Chuong frinh gido dye
mdm non, cdeh fd chife mdi frudng Idp hgc, xdy
dyng k l hogch tudn vd td chife thyc hifn cdc hogt
dgng frong mdi ehu d l •
Tdi lifu tham kh^o
1 Trin Ngpc Tram - Biii Thj Kim Tuytfn HutfngdSn
chu^n bi tifng Vi$t cho tre miu giao viing dan t6c
thi^u stf (mSu giao be 3-4 tuoi) NXB Gido due Viet
tom, H 2011
2 TrSn Ngpc Tram - Biii Thj Kim Tuyen Hinrng dan
chuan bi tieng Viet cho tre miu giao viing dan tdc
thieu so (mau giao be 4-S tuS'i) NXB Gido due Viet
Nam, H low
3 Pham Ngpc Thudng (chu bien) Lpc Bich Kiem
-Trieu Thj Kim Van Hpc tieng Niing NXB Dai lioe
Thdi Nguyen, 2009
4 Pham Ngpc Thirang Li thuyet xung h6 va cac
each xung ho trong tieng Niing NXB Dai hoe Thdi
Nguyin, 2009
SUMMARY
Like many other mountainous provinces of the country, in Lang Son the preparation of Vietnamse language for preschool children from ethnic minori-ties before the first grade having a lot of obstacles, ttie efficiency is limited This paper explores ttie status and proposes a number of measures to strengthen the Vi-etnamese language for preschool children from eth-nic minorities in the mountainous areas of Lang Son province
Gop plian nang cao
(Tli'p theo trang 49)
vSn chmmg theo lo^i th^ NXB Dai hpc
suphpm, H 2003
3 NguySn Thanh HDng - Le Th j Di$u Hoa
Phuimg phiip day hpc ngii viin trung hpc
phit thOng - NhOng vSn d£ cap nh§t NXB
Dpi hpc suphpm, H 2007
4 Phan Trpng Lujn VSn chinmg - b^n
dflc s^ng tao NXB Dpi hpe qudc gia
Hd N^i, 2002
5 NguySn Dang M^nh Nhirng bai giang
vi tic gia van hgc NXB Gido due,
H 1999
6 Trdn Dinh Sir Dpc vSn hpc vSn NXB
C/do(/(/c,H.2001
7 Trjnh XuSn VQ Phinmg phdp day hpc
vSn dr b$c trung hpc phd thtfng NXB Dpi
hpc qudc gia TP Hd CM lUinh, 1997
SUMMARY
To purpose of exchange and
discus-sion with colleagues to improve teaching
modem short story Vietnam period
1930-1945 the following article proposes some
specific solutions which are described in
this article is: 1) Focus elicitation methods
to rcBse issues rather than lecturing or
mak-ing qoesfiOn directly: 2) Highlight "positive',
'creative" activities of students during
reading time: 3) Train students for having
the habit of reading on the specific types
and ttie time axis
Motsovanaellluan
(Tli'p theo trang 43) nuuc ta hien nay va'n de va giai phap NXB Vdn hod thdng tin,
H 2007
4 Trufitng Luu Van htia - mOt stf va'n de li luan NXB Chinh tri
qudc gia, H 1999
SUMMARY
Study culture behavioral education for tertiary students has
a significant meaning to form teacher's personality in the future This well-performed work not only forms positive behavioral sys-tem and habit of students in study but also forms a firm founda-tion for the universities of educafounda-tion to build a healthy, scientifk:, friendly, well-disciplined, highly pedantic academic environ-ment, contributing to the character of educational institutions This writing mentions to basic theoretical issues concerning such study culture behavioral education as: meaning, objective, con-tent, method and principle of study culture behavioral educa-tion for educaeduca-tional tertiary students
Hirirng din lioc sinli trung ligc
(Tli'p theo trang 52) tra loi cau hoi va bai tap Lich sir 12, tap 1 NXB Dpi hpc
qudc gia TP Ho Chi Minh 2008
SUMMARY
For the students to study well the history subject is a difficult requirement to teachers today: for students to really love, pas-sionate and study history is even harder In addition to teaching and learning in class with many different teaching methods, teachers guide students to do extra-curricular exercises of the history through exploration of documents on the Internet is an effective form of education helping students positive, active,
initially approach to participate in scientific research and
pas-sionate to subjects