NGHlCNCliuQ KIEM TRA D A N H G I A CONG CU HO TRU QUA TRINH DAY VA HOC XU HUONG MQll CUA THE GI0IVA D A I HOC CHO GlAO DUC DAI HOC HIEN NAY i M d d l u Kilm tra, dinh gi i (KTBG) i i mdt phip do v l c[.]
Trang 1NGHlCNCliuQ KIEM TRA D A N H G I A - CONG CU HO TRU QUA TRINH
DAY VA HOC: XU HUONG MQll CUA THE GI0IVA DAI HOC
CHO GlAO DUC DAI HOC HIEN NAY
i M d d l u
Kilm tra, dinh g i i (KTBG) i i mdt phip do v l chit
lupng cda vile day v i hpc d cie trudng dal hpe Trong
xu t h i ddi mdi phuong phip day v i hpc hiln nay cda
giio dye dai hpe vl|e dinh g i i mang lai Ipi (ch cho
e l giing vlln v i sinh vlln (SV) bdi vl nd eho phep
giing vlln xie djnh dupe nhdng gl SV nim dupe hole
khdng n i m dupe d l tao dilu kiln eho gilng viin day
ed hi^u qui hdn v i SV hpc t i p dat k i t q u i eao hon
Bil vilt niy d l elp d i n vile KTBG hpe t i p nhu
l i edng eu hd trp q u i trinh day v i hpe theo xu hudng
mdi cda t h i gidi td dd rdt ra bii hpc cho boat ddng
KTBG trong giio due dai hpe cda nude ta hiln nay
2 Xu hudmg KTDG lipc t i p mdi cua the gidi
h i l n nay
2.1 NhCfng thay doi trong xu hu&ng KJOG kit
qui hgc tdp
Trin t h i gidi, t d gida t h i p niln 1980 da bdng nd
mdt cudc d c h mang thye sy v l KTOG vdi nhdng thay
ddi d n bin c l v l trilt If, quan dilm, phucmg phip v i
cic boat ddng cy t h i NhOng thay ddi trong xu hudng
KTOG kit q u i hpc t i p dd i i : Nhilu bil t i p da dang
trong sudt q u i trinh hpe Do SV chd ddng; Vile lya
chpn d u hdi v i t l l u chf dinh g i i dupc n l u rd td trade
Nhin manh sy hpp tie; Quan t i m d i n kinh nghiem
hpe t i p eda SV; Chd trpng q u i trinh; Tip trung vio
ning lye thye t l
Nhdng thay ddi t r i n phin i n h rd quan dilm mdi
cda giio due lly ngudi hgc v i qud trinh hgc tdp ldm
trung tdm cda todn bd cdc hogt ddng gido due, trong dd
cd hogt ddng KTOG
Theo quan dilm cda Yoloye (1998), hilu v l q u i
trinh dua ra quylt djnh dinh g l l l i r l t cin thilt ddi vdi
gllo dye d^i hpc v i q u i trinh dinh g i i phii cd 3 y l u
td clu thinh dudi dly:
Mdt thyc t h i dupc dinh g i i cd t h i i i mdt sin
phlm, m^t q u i trinh ho|c mdt sy hoin thiln;
Phip do v l mdt thyc t h i hudng tis mdt kit
q u i bing diim sd, bing d p dd hay cic t h i hiln v l
m i t lupng khie
Binh g i i djnh lUpng bing d c h g i n vio dd
mOt g i i trj; Gil trj cd t h i d cie dang khic nhau nhu
d^t/trupt ho$c loai 1/lo^i 2/l09i 3
11lS.TRANflaCHl£u
Tiuttng D9I liQc Dif n Ijfc
2.2 NhOng igc tntng ca bin cda xu hudng KTOG kit qud hgc tdp mdi
- Bdnh gid phdt trien (Formative assessment),
thye hiln dinh g i i Si phuc vu q u i trinh day v i hpc
Vdi muc dfch lly thdng tin phin hdi cho giing vlln
v i SV, quan t i m d i n hilu qui cda boat ddng giing day trong vile phit triin k h i ning eda ngudi hpc chd khdng phli l i vile ehdng minh ngudi hpe da dat dupe mdt mdc thinh tich nio dd Binh gii phit triln gidp gilng vlln v i SV dinh g i i duoc hilu q u i cda d e ho?t ddng giing day cung nhU kit q u i t i l p thu eda SV, nhim ehl ra nhdng bude t i l p theo d n
thyc hiln Si phit triln nang lye cda SV theo mue
t i i u d i d l ra
- Bdnh gid thue tiin (Authentic assessment) bao
gdm mpi hinh thdc v i phuong phip ICTBG dupc thyc hiln vdi muc dfch kilm tra d e nang lye eIn cd trong cudc sdng hing ngiy v i dupe thyc hiln trong bdi cinh thyc t l Nd ddi hdi SV phli dng dung cie kl ning
v i kiln thdc vio vile tao ra mdt sin phlrh hay thyc hiln mdt kl nang cd t b i dng dung vio nhdng tinh hudng d bin ngoii trudng hpe
- Odnh gid sdng tgo (Alternative assessment)
nhin manh sy mdi m l , da dang v i sing tao eda nhdng d e h thyc hiln KTBG khie vdi eleh l i m truyin thdnc; ^ich dinh g i i niy cung d p nhilu
mau dai diln ve vile hpe eda SV Si ning eao tdi
da hinh i n h v i t i l n g ndi eda chfnh SV thdng qua nhdng boat dpng v i thinh tfeh da dang cua hp
B i n h g i i sing tao thudng dupe sd dung nhlm tao ddng eo eho SV, gidp hp ed trich nhilm hon ddi vdi vile hpc cua chfnh minh, l i m eho KTBG trd thinh mdt bd phin thudng trye cda kinh nghiim hpc t i p
v i g i n chat nd trong nhdng boat ddng thyc t i i n cho phip nhin dang va kfch thfch k h i ning sing tao eda SV
Ba die trung vda n l u cda xu hudng ICTOG mdi trong quan dilm giio due hiln dai t r i n t h i gidi t h i hiln r l t rd tfnh nhin b i n v i tinh t h i n lly SV l i m trung t i m , trong dd muc t i i u cudi edng eda KTOG
l i nhlm phit hiln nhdng uu diem v i khic phuc cie nhupc dilm cda SV d l gidp hp phit triln d i n mdc tdi da mpi t i l m ning cda minh.Theo quan dilm niy
s d n - T H l M i n i Z ' I S
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vai trd chd ddng v i vile trao quyin eho SV.Ii h i t
sdc eIn thilt: chd ddng trong vile lya chpn dilu kiln
v i phuang phip t h i hiln nang lue eda SV mdt d e h
tdt nhlt; quan trpng hon l i Suae trao quyin bing
cich cung d p dly dd v i kjp thdi nhdng thdng tin
phin hdi v l k i t q u i hpe t i p eua chfnh SV cung nhU
cd dilu kiln t h i o luin v l kit q u i thu dupe vdi giing
vlln; td dd ed t h i dua ra k l hoach khie phuc dilm
ylu, phit huy dilm manh trong hpc t i p eda SV He
thdng KTBG dupe xiy dyng v i thue hiln ddng theo
quan dilm niy se gdp phin quan trpng vio vile
ning eao chit lupng giio due dal hpe Biy chlnh l i
nilm tin eda cic nhi giio due t r i n t h i gidi, l i If do
tai sao d c nudc t l l n t l l n t r i n the gidi dang hit sdc
nd lye d l t?o ra mdt h i thdng KTOG giio due dai hpc
theo xu hudng niy
23 Cdc nguyin tdc ICTOG hgc tdp theo xu
hudng mil
Hogt ddng laOG SV edn bdt ddu vdl viic thiit ldp
nhdng gid trj eda gido due Oinh g i i khdng phli l i
mue dfch m i l i phUcmg t l l n Si phit triln giio due;
B l dinh g i i dat hilu q u i eao eIn b i t diu bing vile
xie djnh rd nhdng g i i trj m i ehdng ta mong mudn
SV cd dupe td dd nd lyc gidp hp dat dupe nhdng gl
d n dinh g i i v i d e h dinh gii nhu t h i nio Nlu sd
mang v i g i i tri giio due bj bd qua, hpat ddng dinh
g l l chl l i vile do ludng nhdng dilu don giln chd
khdng t h i gidp phit triln nhdng gl chdng ta mong
mudndSV
Hoor ddng Kr€>G dgt hiiu qud cao n l u xem hpc
t i p cd tfnh da chilu, tfch hop v i t h i hiln k i t q u i
theo thdi gian Hpc t i p l i mdt q u i trinh phde tap,
bao him khdng ehl nhdng gi SV bilt m i cdn nhdng
gl SV ed t h i l i m vdi su hilu biet dd Oinh g i i d n
phin i n h t i t c l nhdng y l u td trin bing d e h sd
dung d c phuong phip dinh g i i khic nhau nhlm
phit hiln cic ning luc thuc su, sd dung thudng
xuyln theo thdi gian Si phit hiln suthay ddi, phit
triin v i mdc dd tich hpp
Hoflf ddng laOG dUge tiin hdnh thudn igi khi
chuang trinh hgc Sa dupc xiy dyng cic mue t l l u rd
ring v i eu t h i Oinh g i i l i mdt qui trinh dupc djnh
hi/dng bdi muc tiiu, bao him vile so sinh nhdng kit
q u i giio due vdi d c mue t l l u v i ki vpng duoc xiy
dyng trin sd mang cda nhi trudng, chd dinh cda
gilng vlln v l chuefng trinh v i mdn hpe edng nhu
mue dich cda SV Nhdng muc t l l u ro ring v i cd tfnh
khi thi l i hdn d i ting cho boat ddng dinh gii
Hoor ddng KTOG cdn chii trgng din ddu ra cdng
nhu nhijrng gl c6n cd di dgt duge ddu ra dd Di ning
eao chit lupng d i u ra, d n bilt nhdng gl ngudi hpc
tfch ldy dupc trong sudt q u i trinh hpc, bilt v l chucmg
trinh d i o tao, v l boat ddng gilng day v i nhdng nd
lye eda SV nhlm dat dupc ylu elu eda d i u ra
Hoot dgng KTOG dgt hiiu qud eao khi duae to
chde thudng xuyen Binh g i i l i mdt hpat ddng cd
tfnh q u i trinh, tfnh tfeh eye; dupe phit huy khi nd bao gdm ehudi d e hpat ddng dupe kit ndi theo thdi gian Mue dfch eda vile l i m niy nhlm theo ddi sy
t l l n bd eda ngudi hpe theo hudng dat d i n nhdng mue t l l u djnh sin v i b i n t h i n hpat ddng dinh gii cdng dupe xem x i t djnh kl d l cii t l l n dya trin thdng tin thu nhin dupe
Hoof ddng KTDG gdp phdn ndng eao ehdt lugng
hgc tdp mdt khi cd sy tham gia cda nhilu bin liin
quan, trong dd dpi ngu GV l i lye lupng ndng cdt cin
bd quin If v i chfnh SV cdng tham gia hudng den muc tllu ning cao chit lUpng hpe t i p
Hogt ddng KTOG tgo ra stf khdc biit mdt khi Suae thtfe hlin dung vd ddp dng ddy dd yiu cdu cda cdc bin
liin quan Oinh g i i khdng don giin l i cdng vile thu
thip sd lilu rdi dua ra kit qui, m i l i mdt qui trinh dupe b i t d i u vdi nhdng elu hdi eda d c bin llln quan, td chdc thu t h i p v i phin tfch sd lilu, cung d p thdng tin, hudng d i n gidp ning cao chit lupng day
v i h p e
Hoof ddng KTOG chl cd the tgo ra stf chuyin biin khi nd dugc tiin hdnh cimg vdi cdc yiu td gidp tgo ra
stf thay ddi, dd l i ning cao chit lupng giio due- ylu
clu v l d i u ra dupe xem l i muc tllu hing diu cda nhi trudng, l i trpng t i m eda cdng tie xiy dyng k l hoach, ele quylt djnh v l t i i chfnh hole nhin sy
Giing viin thuc hiln trich nhilm eda minh ddi vdi SV v i xa hdi thdng qua hpat ddng KTOG Giing vlln ed trach nhilm cung d p eho xa hdi thdng tin
v l SV dat dupc cic muc t i i u v i kl vpng cda giio due trich nhilm gdp phan ning eao chit Idpng giio due
v i xa hdi cd trich nhilm ho trp nhi trudng gidp SV dat dupc d e muc t l l u dd
3 ICTDG trong giao due dai hoc hien nay v i bai hoc ldnh nghiem
3.1 Thuc trgng KTOG trong gido due Hal hgc hiin nay
KTOG xdc dinh ehUa ddy dO mue dich khiin qud trinh gido due thiiu tinh phdt trien Cich thUe hiln
KTOG eda chung ta hiln nay chd ylu vdi muc tllu tdng kit q u i trinh d l dua ra nhdng kit luin v i ning lyc eda SV m i ft quan t i m din mue t i i u phit triln ning lue SV NhOng boat ddng mang tfnh phit triln toin diln v i b i n vdng nhu ki nang suy luin, tu duy logie phin doin, lim vile theo nhdm hay trinh biy mdt v i n d l tofdc d i m ddng; t i t d d i u ed t b I bj bd qua vl chdng khdng tafe t i l p lim ting dilm sd dat dUOctOdcklthL
KTOG nghia ndn vi phuang phdp idm cho gido due thiiu thtfe tiin Cic phUOng p h i p KTOG
ll*KNUifcatimc
Trang 3NGHI£N CUU Q
dang dupc sd dyng phd b i l n hi^n nay chd y l u v i n
l i td ele b i l thi t r i n gily; hinh thdc niy chi phu
hpp d l ehdng minh vile n i m vdng kiln thdc sleh
vd; vdl hinh thdc t y luin cd phin nio cho phi p SV
chdng td ki ning li luin, diin dat bing ngdn ngd
v i trinh biy kiln thdc theo mdt elu trde hop li.Tat
nhiln, diy l i nhdng ning lye m i SV d n cd nhung
chdng khdng phii l i t o i n bd ning lyc m i hp c i n
ed trong cudc sdng hing ngiy Nhdng nang lue ndi
trin d n thilt trong t h i gidi hin l l m nhung trong
thye t l cdn r l t nhilu ki ning khie m i SV eIn cd
nhu ki ning t y phit hiln v i gill quylt v i n Si, kl
ning xd If tinh hudng, ki ning ddc l i p v i sing tao,
kining hpp tie v i thuong lupng Vdl d e h dinh
gii hiln nay, nhdng ki nang niy khdng Suae phit
hl^n, khuyin khich, d i l u niy i n h hudng d i n t h i i
dd bpc t i p cda SV
ICT€)G chd yiu tdp trung vdo kiim tra kiin thtfe,
xem nhe hode ehua xdy dtfng duge nhiiu phuang phdp
cu thi di ddnh gid kindng vd thdi dd hoc tdp cda SV
KTBG ehua ed stf ddng bd giOa ndi dung ddnh
gid vd cdc ehudn ddu ra eiia cdc trudng dgi hgc, khdng
it chuln diu ra v l ki ning chua dupe dinh g l l mpt
d c h dly dd
KTi)G d dgi hgc chd yiu Id trdeh nhlim cua ddi
ngu GV, It cd stf tham gia cda cdc Itfc lugng xd hdi khdc
KTOG mang tinh dp ddt nin khdng khuyin
khich dugc tinh chd ddng vd sdng tgo eda SV trong
qud trinh hgc H I thdng KTOG biln nay ft tao co hdi
cho SV lya chpn t b I hiln nang lyc cda minh v i dilu
niy lim ban c h l r l t nhilu tinh ehu ddng v i sing tao
cdaSV
Kindng KTOG eda gidng viin d dgi hoc edn
thiiu ligt; Phin Idn cic gilng v l l n ft dupe d i o tao
v l KTOG giio dye dai hpc theo xu hudng mdi v i
do dd hp bi thilu hyt nhdng ki ning v l mat KTOG
Sy thilu hyt niy dSn d i n cic h l u q u i t l l u eye: 1/
Gilng vlln nhin thdc sal c l v l myc dfch v i cic hinh
thdc dinh g l l ; 2/ Xie djnh nhilm vu dudi tam nhin
thdc s l ban ehl k h i ning SV p h i t t r i l n ndi dung
mdn hpc; 3/ Gilng v i i n sd dung chua hpp li cac b i i
thi l i m t i n g ndi lo Ilng cho SV; 4/ Chua t h i biln
rd n i t v i d l y dd mdi l l l n h i gida cic mue t l l u vdi
phuong phip, ndi dung v i k i t q u i dinh g i i ; 5/ Khi
giing day cho nhdng Idp ed sd SV ddng nhu hien
nay, cic giing v l l n khdng dat dupc h i l u q u i trong
vile cung d p cho SV thdng tin phin hdi v l hpc t i p ,
chf ra cho SV b i l t nhOng gl hp cd t h i l i m Si d i
thiln kit q u i hpc t i p v i tao ra mdi quan h i tuong
tic true t i l p d l y dd
3 J Bil hgc cho gUo difc do/ hgc hlin nay
Trin CO sd nghiln cdu xu hudng KTDG kit qui
hpc t j p trin t h i gidi v i v i ^ tim hilu nguyin nhin
thyc trang KTOG trong giio due dai hpe hiln nay, cd
t b I rdt ra mdt sd kinh nghiim eho giio due dai hpe nhu sau:
Thilt lip mdt cich day dd nhdng gii tri giio due d l td dd djnh hudng d c boat ddng giio due eda nhi trudng
Xiy dung phuang phip, edng eu dinh gia da dang v i toin diln cie mat nhin cich SV
Xiy dyng cic muc t l l u chung v i eu t h i l i ylu clu bit budc ddi vdi chuong trinh giio due dai hpe Gin kit ddng bd giOa ndi dung dinh gii v i cic chuln diu ra eda cic trudng dai hpe
Phit triln md hinh dinh gii mdi trong dd ed
sy tham gia eda epng ddng, doanh nghiip, eo quan nen' d e SV nam cudi thye t i p tdt nghiip thdng qua
Hd so bpc t i p gidp SV t i i p cin vdi thyc tien xa hdi v i cdng vile
Cd chfnh sich v i thilt ehl eu t h i , rd ring nhlm ring bude trich nhilm eda ele nhi tuyin dung, d e doanh nghiip, cdng ddng xa hdi ddi vdi
sy nghiip gllo due Thilt lip diln din ddi thoai djnh kl gida nhi trudng v i cdng ddng x i bdi
TAILIIUTHAMKHAO
1 Vd Thi Phuong Anh, Kiim tra, ddnh gid di
phuc vu hgc tdp: Xu hUdng mdi cua the gidi vd bdi hgc
c/ioWlf Worn, 2006
2 L l Van Hlo, Chin nguyin tdc ddnh gid hgc tdp
eua Hoa Kl vd doi ehiiu vdi tinh hinh ddnh gid d Viet Nam, Tap chf Tim II hpe 2011
3 Nguyin Phuong Nga, Gido due dgi hgc- ehdt
lugng vd ddnh gid, NXB Oai hpe Qudc gia H i Ndi, 2005
4 Ll Ode Ngpc, Gido due dgi hgc, NXB 0?i hpc
Qudc gia Hi Ndi, 2004
5 Llm Quang Thilp, Oo lUdng vd ddnh gid trong gido due, OHQQHN,20Q\
6 Maritim, E, Stf ddnh gid trong gido due dgi hgc
Bdi tham ludn tgi Hgi thdo khu vtfc vi Dgy vd Hgc d dgi hgc, Trudng dal hpc Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
Nam Phi, 1999
7 Yoloye, E.A Wee ddnh gid d dgi hgc, Bdi tham
tudn tgi Hdi thdo UNESCO ve Dgy vd Hgc d dgi hpc, Oai
hpc Ibadan, Nigeria, 1998
SUMMARY
The article Is focused on analyzing testing and assessment of learning as a tool which supports teaching and learning process in line with the new trend woridwlde, based on which to draw lessons for testing and assessment exercise In higher education of our country at present
s6i3-nllKI/2S12*n