THAM DO DOI MOI CAN BAN, TOAN DIIN MON NGIRVAN TRONG GIAO DUC VIET NAM GS TS NGUYEN THANH H O N G * 1 Bo''''i canh giao due Viet Nam Cuang linh xiy dung denude tmng thdi ki qua do len chij nghia xahgi (b[.]
Trang 1THAM DO DOI MOI CAN BAN, TOAN DIIN MON NGIRVAN TRONG GIAO DUC VIET NAM
GS TS NGUYEN THANH H O N G *
1 Bo'i canh giao due Viet Nam
Cuang linh xiy dung denude tmng thdi ki qua do
len chij nghia xahgi (bo sung, phittrien nam 2011)
d i ndu djnh hudmg Idn mang tinh each mang va the
hipn quye't tim cao v l phat trie'n giio dye; "Dd'i mdi
can ban va toan didn giao dye va dao tao theo nhu
eau phat trie'n eiia xa hdi; ning eao chat lupng ttieo
ydu eau chui'n hoa, hidn dai hoa, xa hdi hoa, din ehu
hoi va hpi nhap qudc te, phyc vy die luc su nghiep
xiy dung v i bao vpTd'qudc Oi'y manh xiy dung x i
hdi hpe tip, tao eo hdi v i dieu kien eho mpi cdng din
dupc hpe tip sudt ddT (1) Hi vpng, vdi tu tudng dd'i
mdi chin thanh va day cao vpng nay, giao dye Vi^t
Nam sau gan 30 nim loay hoay ddi mdi ma vin triln
midn khdng la ra seed nhung dd'i ttiay dang ghi nhin
Tu tudng cua Oang riha'n manh chi? "can ban" la
tmy tim tdl tin goe re nhim thay dd'i triet dd' nen giao
dye Viet Nam bao gdm ca hai mat; vda loai bo cai yd'u
kem vda vun trdng mat tot dep "Cin ban" la nguyen
nhan cd the san sinh va ting tn/dng trong qua trinh
chuyen hda ttianh nin tang bin vi?ng; la cai khdng
the thilu trong suphat trie'n con ngudi, la hanh ddng
thich dng tn/de ca hpi va thach thde toan eau tida
trong ^lio dye
Odi mdi loan didn" ddng nghia vdi suthda nhin
giao dye Vipt Nam ehua cd tam nhin (Vision) siu
rdng trong boi canh hdi nhip qud'e tlva nin kinh te ttij
tn/dng ttieo djnh hudmg xa hdi chu nghia 'Toan dien"
khdng ed nghia la lam cho day du mpi mat ma cdn
phai lya chpn git gao phuang hudng chu dao, ndi
dung cot Idi va eon dudng ttiuc hidn hpp li sao cho dat
hidu qua giao dye chic chin masanpham cud'i cung
Clia nd la con ngudi b i tuoi Viet Nam dupc trai nghiem,
duang dau tn/dc nhi?ng bidn ddng thdi dai ma vin tu
chu, viia duy li va tn/e giac, vua hien the vua tilm tang
ning luc hanh ddng ttieo tmyln thd'ng the tue va nhu
mpt cu din ttiegkJi.Hpla nhung ngudi coi trpng gia trj
tinh ttian va gia trj vit chat, tdn tr9ng Ipi ich cdng dong,
vda cd v i n hda vda la ngudi nam vi?ng khoa hpc ki
ttiuat, cdng nghe ttidng tin, mang dam ban sic dan
tdc khoan hoan va ttidng thai (wisdom, weisheit) tiic
la "thdng minh trong cudc sd'ng" nhu Bac Ho da gpi y tunam 1946
Trong sd rat nhieu hqi thao Idn nhd ban v l djnh hudng dd'i mdi giao dye, dang ehu y la Hpi thao "Odi mdi can ban, toan didn nin giao dye Vipt Nam" diln
ra ngay 14/8/2012 do Ban Tuydn giao Tmng uong to' chde, dua ra nhi/ng y tudng chung la xiy dung mpt nin giao dye md, ttiuc hidn hpc sudt ddi gin vdi giao dye didn tu Od la mdt trong nhdng quan did'm dli mdi, Nhung tile thay, nhung y tudng nay vin ehua ed su ddng thuan eao va khi de trinh, Qudc hpi vin lie dlu Trong bdi canh bdn bidd, ngudi vilt chi hudng tdi trao ddi nhung gi mdi ngudi ed the tham chieu de lam rdthdm djnh hudng, npl dung, phuong phap ddi mdi can ban, toan didn trong d?y hpc Ngi? vin (NV) d tmng hpe phd'thdng (THPT) sau nam 2015
2 Lit lai d i e trung mdn NgQ van trong nha
tnrdng THPT SddimdnA/l^gidvj tri hang dau nhu mdn Toanla
vi nd la suphii sinh (derirational) tdvan chuang ttiuin khiet vao sinh hoat hpc dudng Ketdthdikidddacu, thi ca la mot bd phin trong ddi sd'ng cua loai ngudi Khdng xa hdi nao tdn tai ma khdng tdng blet tdl mdt hinh thuc nao dd eiia van ehuong Neu con ngudi qudn vin hpe ttii hpsequdn chinh minh v i t r d v l vdi hon mang nguyen ttiiiy Ngay nay, van tha giup chdng iai sii'c ep eua phuang tien nghe nhin qua tai, n^ng ve vin minh ki thuit nhung thie'u vin hda Trong van chuong cd cai gl dd nhu la d^e chat chong lal xa hpl tidu dung va khdng h i ed su dan hda vdi tpi ldi nay sinh tucai xau va cai ac Nd ndi dupc nhdng dieu cd y nghia visusinh tdn eda eon ngudi ma khdng edeach bieu hien nao khae hay hon, dep hon
Van tha dich ttiuc ludn tay tni su ddng nhit va ddi hdi su ton tai eua nhi?ng khae biet ben nhau Vin hpc
la dip chin bao ve gia trj van hda bing each tu ttii hidn vin hda eua minh trong tdng din tdc Od la die fnrng phd' quit dem lai su "ddi gid" eho van hpe nha 'NaNfi
Tap chi Gide due so 301
(kil-1/2013)
Trang 2tn/dng trong xu ttie mdi Tidp can v i n hda va nhin
manh die trung v i n hda cua v i n hpc cung la each de
cao chuc nang giao dye cai dep da dang va dai Iiu
Clia v i n chucmg vdi tu each la nghd thuit ngdn tudac
biet cd kha ning tmyln cam hdng siu rpng trong
nhin ttidc, danh gia, ttiudng thde gii trj ttii'm mi va
ning luc phittrien eii dep eho mdi hpc sinh (HS)
T i ^ can vin hda va coi trpng die trung v i n hda la
phu hpp vdi ddi tuong tham mi ciia tie phi'm vin
chuang Od la hinh tupng eon ngudi lidn he vdi ngudi
khae trong co c h l bi i'n eua eude ddi va ngdn ngir
nghd thuit vdn khd nim bit nhung lai ttiu hut su dam
md thau hid'u Hon nua, chinh con ngudi v i ngdn ngu
l i hai san pha'm cd gia tri eao nhi't va ddc dio nhi't
ma ttianh qua van hda tao ra
Nghidn cdu die trung van hda cua vin hpc thuc
ra la nghien cuu lidn nganh, mdt xu hudng ed nhieu k;ri
thidd hid'u v i n hpc trong mang ludi quan he cdi md
ciia thuc tai Hon nua, vdi each lam nay, Ijch su vin
hda tinh than bao gdm tu tudng nhin v i n va tu duy
nghp thuat trong v i n hpc se dupc md rdng, di siu
han nua bdl mdi quan h§ vd'n cd giua cac hinh thai y
thiic xa hpi nhu din tpc hpc, nhan chung hpc, xa hdi
hqc, huyIn thoai hqc, phin tam hqc, van hqc the tyc,
cii tha'm mi ddi thudng, mi thuit edng nghipp, tham
mi hpc CO the, thi'm mi hpe thdl trang se gdp phan
khim pha "thin the giac ngp tinh thin" vdn hda quydn
vao nliau
Nghidn edu vin hpc theo khuynh hudng vin hda
se dit v i n hpe vao trong Idng ddi sd'ng xa hdi duong
dai chdkhdng li'y v i n hpc day xeo len canh ddng vin
hpc nhucu ma khdng tao ra dupc mdtthdiuang thyc
nio, thim ehi dd'n cd dai eung khdng the sdng
3 Gia trj cua van chuong va sach giao khoa
(SGK) Ngu? van khdng phai la dtud'i tho
Chuang trinh mdn A/I/la mdt ke hoach day hoc
trong khoang ttidi gian phu hpp, cd the thuc hidn dupc
dtiing tn/dng trang ca nudc Linh hdn sd'ng ddng eua
chuang trinh la ndi dung hpc vi'n - ndi dung v i n hda
se dap dng dupc nhu eau va humg thii cua ngudi hpc
nhung eung la mien tim li/e, nai giao vien cd di't de
sang tgo.GIa tri cua chuang trinh NV tmdc hit phai la
kheo leo lam ndi bit quan did'm "hpe mdt bilt mudT
ttieo quan hp giao thoa giua tmyln thd'ng va hidn 6f
Ndi viy eung cd nghia, chuang trinh ndn li'y dieu
mudn hpc, cin hpc va ed the hpc eua HS lam chinh
Chuang trinh phai hudmg vao tu tudng hpe sudt ddi
(lebenlang lemen) bing su uu tien nghien edu va
quy djnh eu ttie sach dpc (Lesebuch) chinh thd'ng va
(kil 1/2013)
tai lieu tham khao bit bude cd chat lupng eho vide tu hpc eua HS
NVia mdn hqc mem deo phu hpp vdi tilm ning
vd'n cd eua mpi Ida tudi Ta nhd Idi Kari Want "khdng
ed gi ttiudc con ngudi lai xa la vdi tdi", vi mdn NV
thude khoa hpc nhan vin vetu tudng va tam hdn con ngudi ndn ta cd co sd de nghi nhu the
Ve ngi dung chuang trinh, nen cin nhic lai ti trpng
giua van hpc tmng dai va van hpc hien dai Dlu biet vin hqc trung dai la tinh hoa van hda tinh thin, ling dpng tmyln thd'ng ydu nudc va nhan dao chinh tn/c Clia dan tdc Viet, nhung xet v l mat vin hqc thuan
khiet dich thuc thi cdn nhieu van 6e chua thda man
cai dep, cai hay va su hap din thi hie'u thi'm mi cua
HS Ndn ching, can cdi md vdi van hpc hien dai va hau hien dai nhu mdt subut pha each tan nghd thuat mpt su ddi mdi each nhin thesutinh tao vatu do sang tao, ed the dupc phan bien cdng khai trdn mat bing Ijeh sd khdng ed each bdc qua xa va khae biet gida tie giavabandpcHS
Vecau tnic chuang trinh, khdng ndn sip xlp theo
theloaivin hpe.Oanh ring,each lam nay tn/de day la xem trpng ddng dai de xiu chudi van hpe dan tde va vin hqc nude ngoai, tranh vide md ta lich su van hpc mdt each trung tinh, nhung ch! dua vio the loai vin hpc thi vin mang ning tinh hinh thde Cai cdt Idi cua ndi dung nhan van, cua nhiing qua trinh phdi hpp su hon ddng vin hda (acculturation) va cua gia trj van hpc vin tilm tang trong nhL?ng kidt tic Oe giam tai cd hieu qua, ndn nghi tdi kha nang xay dung chuong trinh NV THPT theo hudng v i n hpc so sanh (Literaturcompare) "Chl cdsuddi dao mdi la xac ttiyc' (Kari Mane), lam nhuviysekethpp dupc ve dep v i t u tudng nghe thuit ciia nha van nay sinh tu ve dep di't nudc va eon ngudi trong tmyln tlidng van hda khae nhau dupe hdity vao gia trj lam ngudi; mat khae eung
la khai lai tmyen thd'ng "biet ngudi biet ta" tranh eii cdt each Irong nhanhat me nhi con" va "myc ha vd nhan"
ma kem di cai su hpe hanh de'n dau de'n dua gia til
v i n hda dinh eao cua nhan loai Chang han, Tmyen KieuciJa Nguydn Du ngang gia vdi EpgheniOnegm eua Puskin Tuyen ngon dgc lap eiia Hd Chi Minh l i
suklttinh cam hdng nhan quyen eua Phap va Mi Ba bai ttio thu cua Nguyin Khuye'n vdi vol tam tinh nhu tam bai tho thu cua Od Phu Tho Xuan Didu la gach ndi vdi ttia C Baudelaire trong tn/dng phii tupng ttung ThoToHuu vatho Maiacdpxki dupc khdi sinh tuddng dao con ngudi each mang Thach Lam nhemattiam nhu Bunhin Nam Cao tuxd'p minh vao phong each
Tap chi Gide due so 301
Trang 3nghe thuit cua Ld Tan va Sdkhd'p Kim Lin gin bd
hdn qud lang xdm nhu Phdneone Nguyen Minh Chau
ngang tam tinh anh vdi 0 Henri Vu Trpng Phung
kem gi Ndben v i n hpc cua Mac Ngdn Xuin Quynh
dim say va ttiua Id khae gi Blaga Oimitrieva Hoai
Thanh sdng ddi cung Johanes Beeher v l sutinh vi
eua lao ddng tim hon Td Hoai bj hut hdn bdi huong
vj qud huong xdsdnhuOld Bidn cdp vaVdQuangva
Qaida da tra lai cho kip ming non suhdn nhidn tri tup
trong nhiing c i u chuyen ke nhu mo
Visach giao khoa NV THPT da ed nhieu cai mdi
nhu tu tudng tich hop v i tieh cue trong npi dung va
phuong phap Tuy nhidn, ed mdt vai vi'n d l trong
SGK cin suy tinh ttidm Phln ydu clu can dat chia
thanh ba; kidn thde, kinang, thai dp Ham nghia ctia
"thii dp" la gi? L i syphan umg dao ddc cua HS hay la
su hdi dap cua hp v l nhin ttidc khoa hpe?
Theo ngudi v i l t "ttiai dp" cd sure chua cua tu tudng
Idn, tinh cam cao dep, ldi sd'ng vin hda, dao ddc, cam
xuc thi'm miva khat vpng hoan thi$n ban thin ma bai
hpc hudng tdi Lipu edttie thay tu'lhai dp" bing "kinh
nghipm sd'ng"? Trong triet hpc Nga, ngudi ta da thiet
lap dupe tidu chi hoan toan mdi v l chin li va kha
nang nh|in thde tuong dng vdi nd Od la khai niem
kinh nghidm nhung khdng phai vdi tinh each la kinh
nghipm hien nhien, cam tinh, m i vdi tinh each la nhin
thde tdn tai, tn/c giac tdcude sd'ng trong suddng cam
(empattiie) va su ndm trai (erieben) bing kinh nghidm
ndi tim (lexperienee interieure) Theo ehllu hudng
ay, Hans Robert Jauss ttong cdng trinh "Kinh nghiem
thi'm miva luin giii van hge"{^997) eung nhi'n manh
binh didn san sinh kinh nghidm thi'm mi cua v i n
ehuong, binh dien tidp nhin kinh nghidm thi'm mi
cua mi hpe va kit qua giao tidp kinh nghidm thi'm mi
cua syttianh kx tim hdn Ban chat ciia vin hpe trong
su van dpng eiia nd, theo Kant la sutuy thuc cua con
ngudi v l chinh minh td kinh nghidm thi'm mi ay
Myc td "ttiai dp" trong SGK du ndi theo kid'u nao
cung phai ttida min myc dich tu giao dye trong day
hpc van ma cd Id ehl van ehuong mdi lam dupc Cd
ttie'ndi, tuoi tre hpe dudng la mot kinh nghidm dau ddi
ma mdi ca nhin phai bidt ring tmng didm con dudng
ddi song phai tiing luc dupe tai tie'p can nhu chinh
cupc ttiyc nghiem ban than khi hpc vin Ikeda - thue
gia ngudi Nhit eho ring "Cach m^ng eon ngudi la su
ti/nh|in ttidc mpt each rd rang myc dich cua eude ddi
minh chd khdng phai ia dat dd'n myc dich nhu tn/de
nay d i dinh Nd cho phep ehung ta hie'u diu la myc
dich hudng tdi, mac du trdn ddi nay khdng cd gi la
hoan hao, la khdng cd cai khd cua nd" Ngudi xua cung viet Trang cung dly voi md td, xua nay dau cd van loan" Ydu clu thu ba - day hpc v i n gdp phan hinh thanh nang iuc sd'ng cho HS, vi vay phai trd ttianh ydu cau cin dupc nghien edu siu hon
4 Giai trusu rdl k>an va nhidu t i m cua phuong phap day hpc (PPDH) Ngir van
Trong day hqc khdng he cd mpt phuong phap hien than hoan loan Ngudi ta thudng hay ndidin ma Iran (matriee) eua phuang phap da blln tiianh kining van dyng cdtinh kT thuit trong day hpe van Tinh kha dyng cua PPDH v i n the hipn dsdc sd'ng cua nd Ndi dd'n sdc sd'ng cua mpt PPDH tmdc hit phai nghi tdi manh dated the nudi dudng va phat trie'n nd.Oat nudc
ta dang tren con dudng cdng nghipp hda va hipn d^i hda chudiu da dupc nhuthlmadem nhiing phuong phap hipn dai vao nha tmdng Oiy la nhdng bdi rdi trong vide "di thuc phuang phap" Mud'n hpc theo ai cung td't nhung chic chin phai phit trien h$ thd'ng PPDH bp mdn cua minh mdt each chit che, than trpng Ngoai ra cdn phai tinh de'n nhL?ng piiuang phap nao cua minh trong tmyln thd'ng va tren t h i gidi phu
hop vdi die tn/ng vin chuang va mdn NV
Bao tnjm len hai dieu kidn lua ehpn i y phai tim dupe nhung phuong phap cd kha nang khuiy dpng nilm dam me (passion), tinh than hid'u hpc (curiosity)
va khai md tri thdng minh (intelligent) cila ngudi hpe Vdi each nhin dd, edttie van dyng phuong phap nghien edu, phuang phap diln thuylt ndu van d l va binh luan Die bidt, trong hoan canh mdt kip hpe tip tmng kha ddng HS nhu hien nay cd the phat huy tie dung cung hpc cung choi mang tinh edng ddng chit che Cdng ddng nay cd tic ddng khdng nho len khdng khi
va kit qua hpe tip mdn NV Ndu chung ta tao ra mpt
edng ddng tinh cue, nai HS chia se va hd trp nhau trong hpc tap ttii kit qua hpc tip se tdt hon nhieu so vdi mdt Idp hpe ehi thuan tuy la mdi tmdng hpc thuit Ldp hpc kid'u edng ddng tieh cue l i mdt x i hpi ttiu nho gom nhilu vdng trdn ddng tam ed the inh xa vao nhau PPDH ttieo nhdm ditvao diy la ttiich hpp nhat (vdi dilu kidn phai dua vao sutu nguydn va tinh sin sang hqp tie va chia se tip thd', thuang lupng trong ddi thoai, tranh luin eua HS, neu khdng sullen ketap dit aiy chl din dd'n "su khd' dau vd h^n" nhu J Nem
da nhic nhd) Nhu vgy, trong vipc lua ehpn ap dyng PPDH NV can tan dyng kha ning nhin ^li (step back), kien tim lan ldi vao cii d i cd de dua phuang phap khdng hoan toan mdi nhung mang tinh khoa hpcva ttiuetiln
8 Tap chi Gide dye so 301 (kil-1/2013)
Trang 4Hipu qua cao nhltma vipc day hpc batki mdn hpc
nao hudng tdi la day cho HS biet each tu duy, biet
each gd m^nh vio bd de va nit ra td tii nao minh
nhung gi edttie van dyng vao eude song Vin chuong
va mdn NV\a noi hdi ty nhilu k>ai tu duy v i tri khdn
nhlt Tiln d l do eho phep ehung ta van dyng phuang
phip cdng nio (brainstonning) vio day hpc NV
Phuong phip cdng nao dupc van dyng vao hoat ddng
nhdm de tao ra sd lupng dang ke nhung y tudng de
giai quylt van d l Nd triet d l su dyng lidn tudng va
ttiuylt lidn ddi Phuong phip nay gin vdi ten tuoi Alex
Fackney Osbom (1888-1966) trong cdng ttinh tJng
dyng tri tudng tupng" de giup ting gip nhilu lan su
sang tao d dlu ra Phuong phap cdng nao giam
dang kd' su de ehl, kich thich su phat sinh y tudng
mdi vdi cdng thde minh hpa 1+1=3 v i thudng thu
nap v i o minh hai bipn phap day hqc don gian la su
dyng phid'u tu duy (brain writting) va ban do tu duy
(mind mappping)
Tuduy cu ctia li lu|in v i n hpc hid'u hinh thde nghp
ttiuat eua tic phi'm chi la ye'u tdbld'u dpt de lam sang
to eii dupc bid'u dat chinh la ndi dung tic phi'm Cdn
ttieo Oerida, nhdng cai bid'u dat vi d^i hon nhilu so
vdi nhdng eii dupc bleu dat, bdi hp thd'ng cii bleu dpt
dang ton tai rai rac quanh ta va ri't nhilu cai ehung ta
chua ed tdn de gpi Ngdn tdciia tie phi'm vin hpe la
cai bleu d^t khdng toin ven nhdng cai dupe ndi ra
bing nhdng dilu ndi ra That sal lim nlu khdng bilt
eii bid'u dat bao gdm ngdn td va ca nhdng ki hidu
ttilm mida d?ing trong hinh thde nghpttiuittic pham
Ki hi$u ttii'm mi ed trong tuthin nd su phat sinh vd
hgn nghia Neu chi di siu phin tich ridng tin hidu
ngdn ngdthi khdng dil kha ning tim ra chia khoa md
y nghia i'n tang ding sau v i n ban nghe ttiuit Day l i
li do dlOerida vilt rang "Vin hpc khdng phai la hinh
ttidc ngdn ngd die tn/ng ma la hinh ttidc dpc die
tn/ng dupe ndi tie'p ty nhidn giua vllt ra fie pha'm va
dpc tic phi'm"
Li thuylt tilp nhin xem tic phi'm v i n hpc l i mdt
tieng gpi hi^u tripu (Appell) Nlu hdi nha v i n kdu gpi
dilu gi thi that khdng de tra Idi vi Ijhdng sao tim^ thay
dly dii bing ed trong tie phi'm de dd'i tupng thi'm mi
Ip ra ma ehl cd nhdng yd'u Id' mang tinh da gpi
(equivoque) tao ra y nghia va gia trj thi'm mi eua tie
phi'm Nh§n liilt dupc dilu i'y thi vipc danh vj tri die
bipt quan trpng eho vi'n d l dpc hid'u de ddi mdi c i i i
ban toan di§n day hpc NV khdng phai la y mudn ehu
quan hay hu vd chu nghia eua mpt so ngudi nhu Ld
Phuang Nga, Nguyin Thj Hanh, Nguyin Thai Hoa,
Pham Thu Huang, Tran Oinh Chung, Nguyen Trong Hoin, Ld Huy Bic, Trin Thj Hdng Thu, Nguydn Kim Phong, Nguyin Khic Phi, Trin Oinh Suva Nguydn Thanh Hung ma thuc sudpc hid'u da trd ttiinh nhu eau li luin va thuc tiln trong day hpc NV
Ndi dpc hieu la can ban vi tic phi'm v i n chuang dupe viet ra de dpe Cudc phidu luu day hip din de tim ra y nghia tic phi'm v i n chuang trai ra trong qua trinh dpe, nghia l i thdng qua thuc hanh ma bong nhien ta cd tdcic nha v i n dilu ta chua bao gid ttiyc sudupe chiimg kiln, trai nghidm Thdhdi cd giao vien nio khdng say me tim hidu y nghia va ve dep cua tic phi'm vin chuang bing nang luc dpe hid'u cda minh
Hp mudn tmyen kinh nghidm va cam hdng ay cho
HS Cd dpe hie'u thi gia trj v i n chuang mdi tdn tai va khai sang HS Ope hid'u ed y nghia toan didn vi nd ed lidn quan tn/e tidp de'n vide xiy dung chuang trinh, viet SGK va cung each ddi mdi PPDH Oe edu nin vin hpc dang lim nguy vdi each day hpc trong nha tmdng (y cua Todorov) can tranh vide chi phin tich tic phi'm so sai, thay vao dd la nhdi nhet eho HS nhung tri thdehin lim ngoai tic phi'm, nhdng li ttiuylt nghien ciiru, li luin v i n hpc khdng cd y nghia van dyng trong qua trinh dpc hid'u
***
Oe dam bao tinh chi't cin ban, toan dipn cua ddi mdi giao dye phai hpc cich tu duy ttieo quan did'm toan clu, phai ehu y li luan v l chat luong giao dye khi
nd md ra dli loai hinh nha tn/dng nhu hidn nay Tri thde khoa hpe ehinh la mdt khdi eae phit ngdn eua suba't xic djnh vdi nhdng mdc dp khae nhau nhu la; da ehie chin, hoae gan nhu chic chin v i that ra ching cd phit ngdn nao la tuydt ddi ehie chin ca; nilm hi vpng la d chd eae nha nghidn edu dang cung nhau di tdi bing nhung y tudng mdi Chinh vi le iy, ngudi viet gpi nhdng dilu da trinh bay ch? la nhung ttiim ddvlddlmdicin ban, toin didn trong day hpc
NV Clia giio dye Viet Nam.1^
(kil-1/2013)-r n http://www.vietnamplus.vn/Home/Cong-bo-toan-van-cac-van-lcien-Dai-hoi-XI-cua-Dang/20113/ S2074.vnplus
SUMMARY
Education reforms perspective of the Communist Party of Vietnam: "Basic and comprehensive innova-tion in educainnova-tion and training according to the needs
of social development " has brougfit new hope for the Vietnamese educaUon This article contributes to clarity the direction, content and methods of basic and comprehensive Innovation In teachingUterature
in high school today
Tap chi Gide due so 301