ca NGHIEN CUU CAC PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG GIAO DUC HUQlNG NGHIEP CHO HOC SINH PRO THONG TS PHAM VAN SON Bo Gilo due va Bio tao B4 nang eao chat lupng gilo due hudng nghidp (GDHN) eho hpe sinh (HS),[.]
Trang 1ca NGHIEN CUU
CAC PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG GIAO DUC HUQlNG NGHIEP
CHO HOC SINH PRO THONG
TS PHAM VAN SON
Bo Gilo due va Bio tao
B4 nang eao chat lupng gilo due hudng
nghidp (GDHN) eho hpe sinh (HS), vide I p dung
d e phuong phap day hpe l i r l t can thilt Trong
khudn khd bai v i l t niy, ehdng tdi xin gidi thieu
mpt sd phuong phip day hpc phit huy tfnh tteh
cue thudng dupe dimg trong hoat dpng GDHN d
d c n h i trudng phd thdng, d c trung tam kT thuat
tdng hpp- hudng nghidp hidn nay
1 Phtftfng phap day hpc theo dtf an
7.2 Dgy hgc theo di/in, gpi t i t l i day hpe du
I n (DHDA) dupe hilu nhU mdt phuong phip hay
mdt hinh thde day hpe, trong dd ngudi hpc thifc
hidn mdt nhidm vu hpe tap phde hpp, ed sd kit hpp
gida li thuylt v i thifc tiln, thifc hinh vdi ttnh tif life
eao td vide xlc djnh mue dieh, lap k l hoaeh, thife
hidn du In, kiem tra, d i l u chinh v i danh gia,
Trong hoat dpng GDHN, dif an thudng ddpc
thife hidn 11 loai du I n tim hilu thdng tin nghi v l
CO sd d i o tao can thiet cho HS Mdi dU an niy ddpc
thifc hidn trong mdt thing (DA thing),
Phuong phip (PP) DHDA dupe thUe hien theo
nhdng bUdc sau:
Chpn d l t i i v l xlc djnh mue dieh cda dif I n
Xiy difng d l cUong v l ke hoaeh thife hidn
Thue hidn du I n
Thu thap k i t q u i v i cdng bd sin pham
qua bao, dai phat thanh v i truyen hinh, ele tap chi ehuydn nginh hole ed t h i soan ra mdt bang eau hoi (dudi Slf hudng dan eda gilo vien) d l tim lay thong tin Nhdng thdng tin cua HS ed t h i khdng day dii, thilu d n cd khoa hpc, O l nhdng thdng tin do dupc hoin thidn, gilo vidn phli bd sung theo clu true bin
md t l nghi day hpe
CIc hoat ddng cua PP nay ddi hdi cao v l nang luc td chde, t h i hidn qua vide lap k l hoaeh v i td chdc dilu tra, khi ning xd If thdng tin thu thap dupe, PP DHDA thudng dupe t i l n hinh theo nhdm d l HS
hd trp nhau trong hpc tap, Trong q u i trinh dilu tra, mdi thinh vidn trong nhdm cd t h i dupe giao nhidm
vu cung d p thdng tin eiia mdt phan chii d l dang nghidn cdu
Cdng vide dieu tra dupe t i l n hinh theo cac budc sau:
Budc 1: Chpn d l t i i v i xle djnh mue dfch du In
Trong giai doan niy, gilo vidn phli hUdng din HS:
Chpn 64 t i i : dilu tra nghi gi? hole trddng
nio?
Xac dinh mue dieh d i l u tra:
-I- Dilu tra c l i gi?
-i-Tim nhdng thdng tin gi?
Budc 2: Xay difng de cUOng v i k l hoach thdc Bing 1 Uu diem vd nhuge diem eda phuang phdp dgy hgc dudn
iTu diem
- Kich thfch dupe ddng co, hdng thii hpe tap
eda HS
- Phit huy tinh tu life, tinh t h i n trich nhiem
cda hpc sinh
- Phit triln ning life gill quyet nhdng v i n de
phde hpp, nang life cdng t i c l i m vide
Nhtftfcdiem
- PPDHDA ddi hdi nhieu thdi gian, dilu kien thue hidn v i ning life td ehde eiia gilo vidn
Dinh g i l k i t q u i
2 VIn dung PP DHDA vao viec tim hieu
thdng tin n g h i nghiep v l ctf sd dao tao
Gilo viln ydu eau HS khio sit, dilu tra de tim
hilu thdng tin eua n g h i day hpc Be l l m dupc vide
niy, HS phli tim hilu, nghidn ciiru thu thap thdng tin
hidn Gilo vidn hUdng dan HS:
Xay dung dieuong:
+ Ndi dung dilu tra: Thdng tin gl?
•1- Ngudn thdng tin:Tim thdng tin d diu? Hdi ai? -Ke hoach thuc hidn:
3 2 ' K H O A HQC OAO DVC
Trang 2NGHIEN CUU c a
+ Td chde d i l u tra
-I- Khi nio hoin thinh?
Btfdic3:ThUchidndUln
Su'd'c4:Cdng bd sin phlm ciia nhdm
Hpe sinh cdng bd, gidi thidu nhdng thdng tin
m i nhdm da thu thap 6ugc bing nhdng eleh thde
ridng eiia nhdm
StfiycS.-Olnhgil
Day eung la bude giao vidn gidp HS: Phin
tich, chpn Ipc nhdng thdng tin can thilt; Cd t h i nit
ra k i t luin gi td thdng tin da thu thap dupe
Gilo vidn hoan thidn thdng tin, k i t luan
Riit kinh nghidm
Trong q u i trinh thife hidn PPDHDA gilo vidn
luu y: Chi ndn sd dung phuong phip niy ddi vdi
nhdng v i n 64 khdng q u i phde tap, vl du nhu tim
hilu thdng tin nghi nghidp Gilo vidn ed t h i hudng
d i n HS dilu tra bing nhdng elu hdi gpi •jr
2 Phtftfng p h i p day hoc theo nhdm nhd
Hpe theo nhdm nhd l i mot trong nhdng
phuong phip hpe tap ed hidu q u i trong hoat ddng
GDHN cho HS phd thdng
2.1 NhOfng UU diim cda day hoc theo nhdm
nhd
- Hpc theo nhdm l i co hdi cho mpi HS tham gia
hoat dpng hpe tap tao sd h i p dan v i cudn hut mpi
thinh vidn l l m vide,
- Cd t h i huy ddng dUgc nhilu kinh nghidm,
khi ning v l kiln thde cCia ele thinh vidn trong Idp,
Khi hpc theo nhdm, HS cd t h i ciing nhau dat dupc
nhCrng d i l u m l d c em khdng l i m dupc mdt minh,
bing d e h mdi ngUdi ddng gdp mdt phin hilu bilt
cua minh rdi c l nhdm tap hpp lai thinh "bdc tranh
tdng t h l " v l thdng tin n g h i lioac quylt djnh chpn
nghi
- Hpe theo nhdm cung la eo hdi cho HS hpc hdi
lln nhau, hd trp nhau v l nhdng kinh nghidm, eleh
tim kilm gill p h ip giii quylt nhdng tinh hudng hpe
t i p trong hoat ddng GDHN,
2ut NhCfng khd khan cua dgy hgc theo nhdm
• Nlu gilo vidn khdng dilu hinli tdt, thio luan
nhdm ed t i i i biln thinh mdt eude tranh cli vd bd,
- Mdt sd HS cd t h i l l n at khi t h i o luan
- Thudng m i t nhilu thdi gian va bd qua nhiimg
v i n d l khd g i i i quylt
- Odi hdi gilo vidn phli ed ki nang d i l u phdi tdt
2.3 Mdt s6 ki thuit cia phuang phip dgy hgc
theo nhim nhd
2.3.1.Xip nhdm
Trong hoat ddng GDHN v i n d l x i p bao nhieu
HS v i o mdt nhdm I I vda eung l i mdt elu hdi eho
gilo vidn d i l u hanh 04 t r l Idi dupe elu hdi niy, GV
phli xem xdt nhdng Uu va nhupe d i l m eua nhdm ddng HS v i nhdm ft hpe sinh
- Ddc diim ddi vdi nhdm ddng HS:
+ Do ed nhieu y kiln kham phi, HS se tutin vio
nhdng y do,
+ Cd nhieu kinh nghidm ridng 64 giii quyet vin
d l gilo vidn ydu elu
-I- Giao vien tdn it thdi gian de dilu khiln rieng
d e nhdm,
-I- Thdi gian 64 e l nhdm di d i n quylt dmh
chung thddng kdo dai v i d l dan tdi cd y kiln ngupe vdi y kiln eiia giao vien,
•*• Cd nhieu HS"ln theo",
- Dde diim ddi vdi nhdm it hgc sinh:
+ Cd ft HS "In theo" ndn hpe sinh phli hoat
dpng nhieu hon, -I- Quylt djnh ciia nhdm cing nhanh, Nhu vay, tuy thupc v i o loai hoat dpng m i GV
t i l n hinh ehia nhdm ft hple ddng HS Kinh nghidm thUe t i l n cho thly trong GDHN nhdm 4 -5 HS hoat dpng cd hidu q u i nhat
- Cdchxip nhdm:Cd t h i x i p nhdm theo mot sd
d e h sau:
+ Xip nhdm ngau nhidn
-I- Xip theo nhdm "ban than": Khi giao vidn dda
ra ydu eau niy, HS se nhanh ehdng tim ra nhdm ridng ciia minh Nhung d e h xep nhdm niy sd dan tdi mdt sd han ehl 11 sd Idpng HS trong mdt nhdm
sd khdng dung vdi dudinh cda gilo vien; d e nhdm
sd t o i n nam hole t o i n nd; t i n g thdm hidn tdpng Idi kdo ban thin v i o nhdm, t d ehdi ban khdng than.,,, Gilo vien can than trpng khi sddung phuong phip niy
+ Xip nhdm theo ehd f Gilo vien cd t h i xip nhdm theo chd y nhuyeu tdkinh nghiim, hgc luc, gidi tinh Cich xep nhdm niy r l t ed hidu q u i trong vide
td ehde hoat ddng, HS ed dilu kien hpc hdi lan nhau,
hd trp nhau trong hpc tap
+ Xip nhdm theo vj trt ngdi gan nhau: Cleh niy
thudng dupe gilo vidn ap dung vl don giln, m i t it thdi gian
2.3.2.Diiu khiin hogt ddng nhdm
De dieu hinh dat k i t q u i , gilo vidn hddng nghidp ein thife hidn nhiimg vide sau:
-I- Ndu mue tidu t h i o luan rd rang, -I- Cd trudng nhdm v i thu ki, Nhdm tn/dng dilu hinh hoat ddng nhdm, thu kf ghi nhdng y kiln eda thinh vidn trong nhdm,
-I- Giao nhidm vu chi t i l t cho tdng nhdm, giii thfch y l u clu rd ring, ed t h i ghi ten bing hole dung phieu hpe tap,
+ Quy djnh thdi gian cho tdng nhidm vu
Trang 3ca NGHIEN CUU
+ Thddng xuydn kilm tra hoat ddng eua tdng
nhdm v l kjp thdi dilu chinh, hudng dan cdng vide
+ Dai didn d e nhdm trinh biy k i t q u i trde Idp
theo nhilu d e h khie nhau: bang bang, gily trong
hole vilt Idn gily khd Idn (ddng vidn hpc sinh, giao
vidn ndn khen ngpi hpc sinh kjp thdi)
-I- Gllo vidn tdm tat y chtnh, bd sung v i hoin
thidn kit q u i
3 Phtftfng phap t h i o luan ldp ve npi dung
htfdng nghiep
1- Phuang phip thio luin Idp ddi hdi tinh tteh
cue eao d mdi HS, ddi hdi gilo vidn phli thinh thao
v l ki ning dilu hinh nhlm khuyin khfeh HS trao
ddi, ehia sd kinh nghidm v i bilt d e h l i m vide vdi
ngudi khic
Trong nhdng Idp ddng HS, giao vidn thudng
ed xu hudng sd dung phuong phip thuyet trinh vi
khd khin trong vide td chdc t h i o luan NhUng thde
t l eho thly phuong phip t h i o luan ed t h i I p dung
cho b i t ki Idp hpe nio
Trong q u i trinh td ehde GDHN eho HS, phuong
phip t h i o luan ed nhdng thuan Ipi nhd: Giiip hpc
sinh nhan thdc slu sle v i xd If thdng tin nhanh
trong nhdng ehii d l cd ndi dung tim hilu mpt nghi
cu t h i , HS hilu dupe quan dilm eua ban khic; HS
phin tfch, dinh g i l dupe nhilu tinh hudng hpe tap
do gilo vidn dUa ra; hpe HS d c h lap luan, If giii dupe
v i n d4 ehpn nghi,
2- Cic budc tiin hanh:
Budc 1- chudn br xlc djnh chii d4 budi t h i o
luan, du kiln thdi gian v i d e bUde tien hinh
Chuan bj d e elu hdi ndu v i n de cho budi t h i o
luan CIc eude thio luan v l ehii d4 hUdng nghidp
ndi ehung d i u cd muc tidu rd ring Vide thilt k l trinh
t i ; d c clu hdi d i u phli c i n cd vao d c mue tieu cda
chu d l Nhu vay, n l u budi t h i o luan khdng dupe
chuan bj chu d i o thi de dan tdi sa d l vao nhdng
ndi dung khdng bin chat, gay lang pht thdi gian v i
nhim chin Kl hoaeh budi t h i o luan ein dupe vilt
trUde v i ngUdi dan chuong trinh phli n i m chle d l
cUong t h i o luan trong q u i trinh l i m vide
Vide soan nhdng clu hdi eho budi t h i o luan
cung rlt quan trpng Nhdng 'elu hdi ddng", tde l i chi
t r l Idi'ed/khdng'sd l i m eho budi t h i o luan budn te
v l r l t d l di d i n tinh trang thd o cua nhieu HS Ndn
chuln bj nhCmg "clu hdi md", nhdng clu hdi niy cd
CO hpi phat triln budi thao luan va ed khi nang Idi
cudn nhilu HS tham gia
- Budc 2-khdi ddng: 0\4\i hinh budi thio luan
O l d i l u khien m d t budi t h i o luan, g i l o vien p h l i
chu y t d i vide b d trt ehd ngdi: Tat c l HS t h a m gia t h i o
luan d i u cd t h i nhin t h l y mat nhau Ngdi t h e o hinh
trdn h o l e ehd U la thfch h p p n h l t
D l cho m p i HS ed t h e manh dan t h a m gia t h i o luan t h i budc khdi d p n g la vd cdng quan trpng, N l u
GV khdi d p n g t d t t h i HS sd h i t rut re, ed t i m the
t h a m gia t h i o luan tieh cue, O l ed t h i iam t d t dieu
n i y , g i l o vidn sd d u n g m p t sd trd ehoi cd lidn quan
t d i chu de t h i o luan sau khi da t i l n h i n h d c thii tue
e i n t h i l t Sau p h i n khdi d p n g , ngudi dan chuong trinh sd d l t e l u hdi Cae e l u hdi nen theo m d t trinh
t u n h l t djnh va ndn nhanh chdng Idi cudn e l ldp vao vide t h i o luan, d n h d n g ldp q u i d d n g se de x i y ra
t i n h trang m d t sd HS ndi h i t p h i n cua ngudi khae, trong nhdng t r u d n g h p p n i y , giao vidn ehia ldp
t h i n h nhijmg n h d m k h o i n g t d 8 - 1 0 HS, -I- Moi n h d m c d n h d m trudng v i t h d kf, -I- Neu rd mue tieu va chu d l t h i o luan d nhdm, -I- T l l n hanh d c bude theo chii d l da soan,
- Budc 3- tong kit: G i l o vidn danh g i l d e g i l l
phap k h i c nhau v i dUa ra k i t luan,
Sau khi t h i o luan, d e nhdm trinh biy kit qui eiia mlnh trdn td gily khd to Gilo vidn eho HS dan
d c td giay Idn tUdng CIc nhdm xem k i t q u i eiia nhau va cung giao vidn dinh g i l d c gill phip rdi rdt ra kit luan
Gilo vidn can lUu y phUOng p h i p niy cht cd
t h i t h i n h edng khi: Muc tidu t h i o luan dupe trinh
b i y rd ring eho mpi t h i n h vidn trong Idp; ki thuat
d i l u phdi tdt n h l m huy ddng d e t h i n h vidn tham gia tieh ede v i o eude t h i o luan; t r i n h biln cudc
t h i o luan t h i n h tranh luan Can phan biet gida
t h i o luan v i tranh luan Tranh luan phli di din thdng nhat nhan thdc, thdng n h l t quan d i l m , eon
t h i o luan l i d l mpi ngUdl eiing nhau tim kilm, xle djnh g i i i phap de di den k i t luan chung Muc
dfch cua t h i o luan l i di eho mpi t h i n h vidn tu
minh suy d o i n va thay ddi quan diem v l mdt vin
de nio dd trong ehpn nghe
4 Phtftfng phap t d chtfc tro chdi theo chii d l htfdng nghiep
1- Day la mpt phdong phip ed hidu q u i d l thu hut Slf tham gia eda HS nham giiip HS hdng thO, giim bdt met mdi trong qua trinh hpe tap, Hoat dpng GDHN nhilu khi dUpc t h i hidn nhU mdt san ehoi bd tch cho HS, qua dd d e em vda dupe
hpc vda duac tham gia nhdng trd choi h i p dan
2- CIc budc tien hanh:
Phd bien luat ehoi
D i m b i o HS nam dupe quy tie ehoi Gilo vidn rut ra k i t l u i n eho HS qua trd
ehoi
Khi sd dung phdong phap niy GV Idu y: Trd choi phai d l to chdc v l d l thdc hidn; ed t h i sd dung
(Xem tiep trang 51)
Trang 4THUC TIEN GIAO DUC ^
quan hd qudc t l 64 tao d i l u kidn thuan Ipi cho vide
giao luu, hpe hdi kinh nghidm ele nUde dl trUde, tan
dung d c ngudn lue qudc t l nhu sd dung vdn ODA,
ele du I n dau t u tang eudng co sd vat chit, trang
thilt bj eho ele eo sd dao tao, thifc hidn d e chuong
trinh trao ddi gilng vidn d l nang eao ning life giang
day cho gilo vidn, xiy difng v i phat triln chuong
trinh theo hudng tidn t i l n trong dao tao nhin life
Xiy dung td chdc bp may v i eon ngudi
ehuydn trich eho hoat dpng hop t i e qudc t l phu
hpp d elp ttnh v i eae co sd dao tao
- Ning cao trinh dp ngoai ngd, tin hpe eho dpi
ngu l i m edng tie hpp tie qude t l
- Phdi hpp d c sd ban nganh trong vide d i l u
phdi sd dung, khai thac ed k i t q u i d c du I n hpp
tie qude t l trdn dja ban
- Ting eudng quan hd vdi ele eo sd d i o tao
nude ngoii, d c td ehde phi chfnh phd, chfnh phii
64 khai t h i c d c du I n hpp t i e hai bdn eung ed Ipi
4 Ket l u i n
O l hoat (Jong d i o tao n g h i eho lao ddng ndng
thdn trdn dia b i n ttnh BinhThuIn dat hidu q u i eao
nhlt ein t i l n h i n h ddng bd nhilu g i i i phip, ein cd
Slf phdi hop ddng bd gida d e elp ele nganh, d e td
ehde chtnli trj x l hdi.,,trong dd d c co sd d i o tao
n g h i can thiet phai dupe quy hoach mdt cleh phii hpp, vide td chdc tuydn t m y l n , t u van hpc nghi
v i vide lam ddi vdi lao dpng ndng thdn can thuc hidn cd ke hoaeh, xay dung chuong trinh dao tao phu hpp vdi nhu cau lao dpng ndng thdn v i dap dng ydu elu eOa n h i tuyen dung, tdng budc nang eao ning life gilng day eiia dpi ngu giao vidn, dau
tu ddng bp trang t h i l t bj gilng day va t i n g cddng hpp t i c qude t l v l dao tao lao ddng cho ndng thdn
TAI Lieu THAM KHAO
1, Oe an "Ddo tgo nghi cho lao dgng ndngthdn tinh Binh thudn din ndm 2020f, Oy ban nhin d i n
tinh Binh Thuan, thing 1/2011,
2, Hpi t h i o "Cung Ung ngudn nhdn lue thu hut ddu tuvdo cdc khu cdng nghiip Binh thudn, Uy ban
nhin d i n ttnh Binh Thuan, thing 6/2011
SUMMARY
The author presents some basic issues in vocational training for rural labour in Binh Thuan, including: 1/ vocational training activities for rural labor in Binh Thuan; 2/ Foreeats for vocational training to 2020; 3/some orientations for vocational training activities for rural labor in Binh Thuan
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiniiiiiiniiiiMiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM
CAC PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC (Tiep theo trang 34)
phuong phip niy d l khdi ddng, l l m thugiln dau de
eOa hpe sinh khi gidi thidu chd d l mdi
Ngoii d c phuong phip trdn, trong GDHN eung
sd dyng phuong phi p ddng vai (dien kich), md
phdng Dly l i phdong phap eo b i n d l rdn luydn ki
ning giao t i l p cho hpe sinh Ddng vai l i eo hpi de
hpe sinh thife hinh mdt sd nhidm vu hay eleh dng
xd nio dd trong mdt mdi trudng mau tmdc khi d c
tinh hudng thde xiy ra Qua ddng vai hpe sinh bilt
xd II thdng tin, dng dung nhdng Id thuylt da hpc
v i o thuc t l sinh ddng v l da dang,
Klii sd dung phuong ph i p niy GV luu y: Odng
vai tao dilu kidn cho hpc sinh thife hinh ki ning ra
quylt djnh ehpn hudng di eda minh
Giup eho hpe sinh thife hinh ki ning giao tilp,
Cd t h i I p dung phuong phi p niy d l tao
tinh hudng tn/dc khi t h i o luan mdt chu d l nio dd
Odng vai se kfch thfch hpc sinh t h i o luan sdi ndi ve
ehu d l dupe ndu
TAI Lieu THAM KHAO
1, Ludt Gido due ndm 2005, NXB Chtnh trj Qude
gia, Ha Ndi, 2006,
2, Bd GD&DT Chl thj sd 33/2003/ CT-BGD&DT ngdy 23.7.2003 eua Bg trUdng Bd GD&DT vi tdng cUdng gido due hudng nghiip cho HS pho thdng, H i
Ndi, 2003,
3, Pham Van Son (ehu bidn), Gido due hudng nghiip vd tich hgp GDHN qua mdn hgc- Tii lieu tap
huln hidu trddng d c trUdng THCS, Ha Ndi, 2010,
4, Tran Mai Thu, Nghiin cifu di xudt ngi dung bdi dudng GV hudng nghiip d ede tn/dng THCS, Bao d o tdng kit de tai KHCN elp Bp, m l sd B2006-68-11, H i
Ndi, 2009
SUMMARY
The author proposed 4 active teaching methods often used in career orientation programs at schools, technical-career centers
Stf78-IHANG3/2812^S1