NGHIEN CUU TICH HOP GIAO DUC NHONG VAN DE KHOA HOC XA HOI NHAN VAN TRONG DAY HOC NGUf VAN 1 Tich hdp trong va tich hop ngoai bd mon Vdi mdn Ngd van, chuong trinh (CT) va sleh gilo khoa (SGK) phd thdng[.]
Trang 1NGHIEN CUU
TICH HOP GIAO DUC NHONG VAN DE KHOA HOC XA HOI - NHAN VAN TRONG DAY HOC NGUf VAN
1 Tich hdp trong va tich hop ngoai bd mon
Vdi mdn Ngd van, chuong trinh (CT) va sleh
gilo khoa (SGK) phd thdng sau n i m 2000 da dupe
xiy ddng v l p h i t t r i l n theo quan d i l m tfeh hpp
Miie dfch v l djnh hddng tfeh hpp eiia chuong trinh
Ngd v i n hidn hinh dupe hilu nhUsau:
"Nhlm t i n g hidu q u i giao due v l t i l t kidm
thdi gian day hpe, chuong trinh mdn Ngd v i n dupe
xiy dung theo tinh t h i n tfch hpp Cd hai hddng
tfch hpp ehd y l u trong mdn Ngd v i n : tfch hpp theo
ehilu ngang v l tieh hpp theo ehilu dpc
Tieh hgp theo chiiu ngang la gan k i t ndi dung
day kiln thdc vdi ndi dung rdn ki ning, npi dung
ciia d c phin Tilng Vidt, Lam v i n vdi npi dung cua
phan VIn hpc Thdng qua d e hinh tdpng v i n hpc
v l d c tinh hudng giao t i l p bing tilng Viet, mdn
Ngd v i n cdn cd k h i ning k i t hpp gilo due edng
d i n , eiing ed v l md rdng hieu b i l t v l v i n h o i xa
hdi cho hpc sinh (HS) Tich hgp theo chiiu dge la
thilt k l nhdng don vi kiln thdc, ki ning hpe sau
bao h i m nhiJrng kien thde, ki ning d l hpc trude
nhdng d mdc eao hon va sau hon theo nguyin tie
ddng t i m va p h i t triln."'
Nhu vay, ed t h i t h l y hai thdng didp kha rd ve
tieh hpp trong mdn Ngd v i n :
Mdt Id, cin g i n k i t d c npi dung kiln thdc va
ki nang ciia ba phan Tiing Viet, Ldm vdn vd Vdn hgc
trong mpt mdn hpc Chung tdi gpi d l y la ydu cau
tich hgp gido due ede ndi dung trong mdn NgU vdn
Hai /d,"Thdng qua d c hinh tdpng van hpc va
d c tinh hudng giao t i l p bing tieng Vidt, mdn Ngd
v i n cdn cd k h i nang kit hgp gido due edng ddn,
edng ed v l md rdng hieu biet vi vdn hod xd hgi cho
HS" Oly chfnh la ydu c l u tich hpp nhdng tri thde va
ki ning thupc khoa hpc x l hdi nhan van, Chung tdi
gpi 11 ydu elu tieh hgp gido due cdc ndi dung ngodi
mdn NgUvdn
Trong thUc t l gilng day, chiing tdi cho rang
vide thde hidn tich hpp gilo due d c ndi dung trong
mdn Ngdvin d n h i trddng phd thdng d l cd ehuyin
' Bd GD&DT ( 2006), Chuong trinh Giio due pho thdng - mdn NgO
vdn.NXB Giio due (trang 6-7)
VU THI THINH Trudng Cao ding SU pham Bic Ninh
biln kha rd ret Sd di ed dugc k i t q u i dd la nhd vao
vide di kem vdi CT, SGK Ngd v i n (bao gdm sach HS
va sleh gilo vien (GV), sach bai tap) d l dUoc bidn soan theo quan diem ti'ch hop d e l 2 cap THCS va THPT, ndi k i t vdi sleh Tilng Viet d p t i l u hpe vdn
d l thuc hidn tich hpp t d trude, Ngoai ra, cdn ed rat nhilu tai lieu tham khio giiip eho GV v l HS day va hpc theo ydu eau tfeh hpp
Tuy nhidn, cung t d thifc t l day hpe trong nha trudng phd thdng, ehung tdi eho rang ydu
eau tich hgp gido due ede ngi dung ngodi mdn NgO
vdn ehua dugc ehu y dung mde e l ndi dung v l
phuong p h i p giao due tfch hpp, Trong khi vdi ttnh chit v l die d i l m eua mdn Ngd van, ngudi GV eo
t h i tieh hpp gilo due r l t nhilu d i l u hay Id phli,
r l t nhilu dao It slu sle v l tinh than nhin van cao
e l ; rat nhilu npi dung tri thde v l Ijeh sd, dja If, phong tuc, tap q u i n , nhilu ki nang sdng v l giup
cho vide hinh thanh p h a t t r i l n nhilu ndng lUc cot
idi (key competencies), n h l t la ndng lUe giao tiep
(communication competence),
Bd qua hoae ehda chii ^ dimg mde dinh hu'dng
va ydu elu thd hai nay thifc sif la mpt sif Ilng pht nhin t d vai trd va hidu q u i eiia day hpe tfch hpp,
Ld ra trong gid hpc Ngd v i n , nhdng kiln thdc v l
ki ning khoa hpc x l hpi nhin van ein dupe ehii y khai thac tdt hon, mpt mat nham giiip HS t i l p nhan van hpc ed hidu qua hon; mat khae gdp phin cung
cd d c tri thdc va ki ning eiia mdn hpe khae; them
v i o dd cd the giam di nhdng ndi dung triing lap
d nhdng mdn hpc trong eung linh vife niy, Khdng chii y hole bd qua ydu eau tfeh hpp niy, cung co nghia la vda han c h l hidu q u i day hpe van, vda han e h l hidu q u i day hpc d e mdn hpc khic Do
dd cung han c h l vide hinh thinh va phat triln eac nang life ehung, d e ning life ddi hdi van dung mpt
d c h tdng hop d e tri thdc va ki nang eua nhilu linh vifc tri thde, nhilu mdn hpe khic nhau, Chtnh vi
t h i , td l l u d e nude ed n i n giao due p h i t triln da nghien cdu v l van dung d c hinh thdc va mde dp tfch hpp khic nhau nhu:
Kit hpp, Idng ghdp (combination) ele ndi
Trang 2NGHIEN ciiuQ
dung trong mdt mdn hpe
Tfeh hpp (integration) trong mpt mdn hpe
Tieh hpp nhilu mdn, da mdn
(multidiselpllnary)
Tfeh hop lidn mdn (interdisciplinary)
Tich hpp xuydn mdn (transdisciplinary)
2 Tich hdp nhtf I I mot khoa hoc stf pham
Mpt thi/c t l khie, trong day hpe Ngd van,
nhilu GV chi h i l u tich hpp d phuong didn ndi dung;
nghia i l chl mdi quan t i m k i t hpp, Idng ghdp d c
ndi dung tri thdc, ki nang gan nhau cda ele phin
khic nhau (Vdn hgc, Tiing Viit, Ldm vdn) hole mdt
sd tri thdc v l ki ning g i n nhau eda d c mdn hpe
khie nhau trong mot bai hpe, Trong khi dd, ein
phli hilu tich hpp khdng chl v l npi dung (tri thde,
ki ning, t h l i dp) m l edn phli nhin nhan nd nhd
la mdt phuong phip, hay Idn hon I I "khoa hgc su
phgm tich hgp" nhu d c h gpi eua Xavier Rogiers 6
t i c phlm cung tdn, dng d l dda ra mdt dinh nghia
v l khoa hpc sU pham tfch hop nhu sau: "Khoa sU
pham tich hpp I I mpt quan nidm v l mdt q u i trinh
hpc tap trong dd toan t h i d e q u i trinh hpc tap
gdp phin hinh thanh d HS nhdng ning life rd rang,
cd du tfnh trUdc nhdng d i l u can t h i l t cho hpc sinh,
nhlm phuc vu cho ele q u i trinh hpe tap tUPng lai,
hole n h l m hda nhap HS v i o eude sdng lao ddng"^
Nhu t h i , "Khoa sd pham tfch hpp" ddpc trinh
b i y nhu mdt It thuylt gilo due, mpt mat nd ddng
gdp v i o vide nghidn cijfu x i y ddng chuong trinh,
SGK, mat khic nd gdp phan djnh hudng d c hoat
ddng day hpc trong n h i trddng phd thdng
Trong It luin day hpc, tfch hop ddpc hieu la
sd k i t hop mdt d c h hdu co, cd hd thdng d nhdng
mde dd khic nhau d c kiln thdc, ki ning thude
cic mdn hpc khie nhau hole d c hpp phin eiia bd
mdn t h i n h mdt ndi dung thdng nhlt, dda trdn co
sd cic mdi lidn hd v l It luan v l thUe tien dupe de
c i p d i n trong ele mdn hpc hole ele hpp phan eua
bd mdn dd
Cung theo Xavier Rogiers, trdn t h i gidi, tfch
hpp da trd t h i n h mpt t r i o Idu su pham hidn dai bdn
canh d c t r i o Idu sd pham theo muc tiiu, gidi quyit
vdn di, phdn hod, tuang tdc Trao Idu supham tieh
hop xuit p h i t t d quan nidm v l q u i trinh hpc tap,
trong dd t o i n t h i cIc q u i trinh hpc tap gdp p h i n
hinh t h i n h d HS nhdng ning ldc rd rang, ed dU tinh
nhOmg hoat ddng tIeh hop trong do HS hpc d e h sd
' Xavlen Rogiers, Khoa sUph^m tkh hpp hoy ldm thi ndo Oiphdt
triin cdc ndng life dnhd trudng, NXB Giio dvic, 1996,
dung phdi hpp d c kiln thdc, ki ning v l thao tie d l
linh hpi mdt d c h ridng rd, Khli nidm ndng luc d day
dugc hieu 11 mdt khai nidm tich hpp bao ham c l
nhdng npi dung, nhdng hoat dpng can thifc hidn
va nhdng tinh hudng trong dd dien ra ele hoat
dpng.Theo if nghia dd, ning ldc ddpc djnh nghia la
su tich hpp d c ki ning (hoat dpng) tic ddng mpt
d c h thfch hpp va t u nhidn Idn ele ndi dung trong mpt loai tinh hudng eho trude de g i l l quylt nhdng
v i n de do tinh hudng nay d l t ra Ning life niy I I
mdt hoat dpng phde hpp ddi hdi sif tfch hpp, phdi hpp d e kiln thdc va ki nang, ehd khdng phli la sif tie ddng d e ki nang ridng re ldn mpt npi dung Khoa sU pham tieh hpp nhin manh day d c h tim tdi sing tao va d e h van dung kiln thdc v i o ele tinh hudng khie nhau, Tdc la, day eho HS bilt
eleh sddung kiln thde va ki ning eiia minh di gill
quylt nhdng tinh hudng eu t h i , ed y nghia nhlm mue dieh hinh thinh, phit triln ning life Ddng thdi ehu y xac lap mdi lidn he gida ele kiln thde,
ki ning khae nhau eda d c mdn hpc hay ele phin
mdn khie nhau d4 bao d i m eho HS k h i ning huy
ddng cd hidu q u i nhdng kiln thde v l ning life cua minh vao gill quylt d e tinh hudng tfeh hpp
Vdi y nghia djnh hddng d c hoat ddng day hpc, trong nhilu tai lieu, ngddi ta eung thddng sd dung thuat ngd "day hpc tieh hpp" Trong bai nay, chung tdi sd diing thuat ngd"day hpe tich h p p " d l chi q u i trinh day hpc trong dd ngudi GV quan t i m
xiy dung d e tinh hudng de HS hpe d c h sd dung
phdi hpp d c kiln thdc va ki nang td d c mdn hpc khic nhau, ehung ddpc huy ddng v l phdi hpp vdi nhau, tao thanh mdt npi dung thdng nhlt, dua trdn
CO sd d c mdi lidn hd If luan va thifc tien dupe d l cap trong d e mon hpc dd Mot qua trinh day hpe nhu vay cung ddi hdi GV phli nghidn cdu, van dung phdi hpp cac phdong phap v l phuong tidn day hpe
de thde hidn giao due tich hpp eiing mpt luc nhilu
ndi dung gan nhau cua d e mdn hpe khae nhau,
3 Day hoc tich hdp cac tri thtfc khoa hoc xa hpi nhan van qua nhdng tac pham van xuoi Viet Nam hidn dai
Van hpc b i t ngudn t d cudc sdng, van hpc ludn ludn phin anh cudc sdng ma cude sdng vdn da chilu, nhilu vd Mdt t i c pham v i n hpc mang trong minh nd r l t nhilu v i n d l eiia cudc sdng, xa hpL
Nd ed t h i dung cham va ham ehda trong nd nhilu
khia canh nhd: lieh sCf, dia II, vdn hda, dgo dUe, tdm
II, gido due, ngdn ngd, Chinh vi t h i , khi day - hpe
Sd78-IHANG3/2812>19
Trang 3Q NGHIEN CUU
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ten tac pham van xuoi
Hai dUa tri - Thaeh Lam
ChCfngudi tCftu - Nguyen
Tuin
CWPhdo-Nam Cao
Sodd (trfch Hgnh phuc eua
mgt tang gia) - Vu Trpng
Phung,
VpnWt-KimLIn
Vg chong A P/iu - To Hoai
RUngxa nu - Nguyen Trung
Thanh
NhCfng dUa con trong gia
din/i-Nguyin Thi
Chiec thuyin ngodi xa
-Nguyen Minh Chau
Ngudi Idi do Sdng Do
-Nguyen Tuin
Ai dd dgt tin cho ddng sdng
7- Hoang Phu Ngpc Tudng
Noi dung khoa hoc xa hoi - nhan van co the tich hpp
Bdi d n h xa hpi Viet Nam trudc Cach mang Thang Tam/1945 {lich si)); Tinh thuong, sir thdng cam va ehia sd gida con ngudi vdi con ngUdi (dgo ddc);
Cae cupc khdi nghTa trUde Cach mang Thing Tam/1945 (lich sO); Nhdng pham chat va nhan each cao quy eiia eon ngudi [dgo ddc); Thu choi chd
(phong tuc)
Noi khd nhue eua ngUdI nong dan trude Cach mang Thang Tam/1945
(ljch sif); Ldi sdng kieu Cht Pheo (dgo ddc); Mau thuan giai eap/xa hpi
(Gido due cdng ddn);
Cupc sdng eOa tang Idp thupng lUu trUdc Cach mang Thing Tam/1945
(iich sCf); Dao ddc gil (dgo ddc); Dam ma (phong tue, tap qudn);
Nan ddi d Viet Nam nam 1945 (iich sCf); Tinh ngudi (dgo dUc); Gil trj ngudi
phu nd (Gido due cdng ddn)
Cupc sdng eOa ngUdi dan Tay Ble trUde v l sau Cach mang Thing
Tam/1945 (lich sd); Nhdng phong tue va hii tue (ddn tgc hgc); Nui rdng Tly
BIc (djfa//);,,,
Slf le lidt, gian khd cOa cupc khang ehiln ehdng Phap (ijch sCfj; Rdng va eon ngUdi Tay Nguyen (ddn tgc hgc); Cay xa nu (d'/a ii)
Su Ic Net, gian khd ciia eude khang ehiln ehdng MT (ijch sCf); Song nUde va
ngudi Nam bp (ddn tgc hgc);
Bao life gia dinh (Gido due cdng ddn); Ngheo ddi va sinh dd ed k l hoaeh (dia ii kinh ti);
Sdng Ba vl miln Tay (dja li, lich sd, vdn hda);
Sdng Huong va kinh thanh Hul (dja li, Hch sd, vdn hda);
tie pham van hpc khdng cht don thuan II kiln thdc
v i n ehdong ma ngddi GV ein phli kheo ldo khoi
gpi, lien hd kiln thdc v i n hpc vdi d e khia canh lien
quan dd d l HS ed sU g i n k i t tie pham v i n hpe vdi
d c tri thdc ddi sdng, x l hdi nhan van k h i c
Trong ehUOng trinh phd thdng, d e tac p h l m
van xudi Vidt Nam hidn dai' chilm mot vj trt quan
trpng, hdi tu dupe nhilu yeu td, t i l m an nhilu npi
dung v l dd kidn de thUc hidn tteh hpp gilo due ele
tri thdc, ki ning khoa hpe x l hdi - nhin van,'Day
hpe tfeh hpp theo hudng ndu trdn can chii y d hai
phuang didn: Mdt Id, khai thac tridt d l nhdng ndi
dung khoa hpc xa hdi nhin van cd trong d c tac
' Khii ni^m van xuoi Viet Nam hien dai duoc hilu l i cac t i c pham
vin xuoi v i l t til dau the ki XX d i n nay
phlm vIn xudi Viet Nam hidn dai (ndi dung day
hpe); Hai Id, day each tim tdi sang tao v l d e h van
dimg kiln thde vao cac tinh hudng khae nhau,Tdc
la, day cho HS b i l t each sd dung kiln thdc va ki
nang eda minh 6e g i l l q u y l t nhdng tinh hudng eu
the, ed y nghia nham hinh thanh, p h i t trien nang life (phdong phi p sd pham)
Do pham vi khudn khd cua bai vilt, d day
chung tdi ehi ndu Idn phuang diin thd nhdt dudi dang ma tran v l d c ndi dung chlnh ed the tteh hpp
gilo due khi day mpt sd tae pham van xudi Vidi
N i m hidn dai trong CT Ngd v i n THPT (khdng k l dc
t f ^ham dge thim) Nhdng ndi dung nay cd lidn
quan mat t h i l t nhung khdng thay the eho eae ndi dung van hpe cda gid dpc v i n (xem bing)
Trang 4NGHIEN cuuCQ
DAN CHAT VA DIEU KIEN CUA VIEC Tl/ HOC (Tiep theo trang 7)
- Bin c h i t cda t u hpc I I ttnh ddc lap eua vide
hpc v l ttnh t u nguydn eda ngUdi hpc, khdng trde
t i l p phu thudc ngudi k h i c
- Tu hpe I I e l mdt b i n linh e l nhin tteh hop
nhilu chde n i n g sinh hpc, t i m It v l x l hdi ed that
d e l n h l n d d
- O l t u hpe, eon ngudi p h l i cd nhdng d i l u
kidn n h l t djnh bdn trong v l bdn ngoai, nhdng
d i l u kidn dd d i u ehju I n h hudng Idn cua g i l o due
- Gilo due ning life tU hpc 11 cdng vide l l u
d l i , phde tap cua nha trudng v l nhidm vu khd
luydn eua moi ngUdi
TAI Lieu THAM K H A O
1 JacQues DIore (1996), Hpc tdp - mdt kho
bdu tiim dn, NXB Gllo due, H I Npi
2 Oang Thinh HUng (2002), Dgy hgc hiin
dal: Uludn - Biin phdp - Kf thudt, NXB Oai hpe qude
gia H i Ndi
3 Oang Thinh Hung (2001), Bdn chdt cua
dgy hgc hiin dgi Tap cht Thdng tin Khoa hoe gilo
due, sd 84, Ha Ndi
4 Oang Thanh Hung (2004), Hi thong kT
ndng hgc tap hiin dgi Tap ehf Giao due, sd 2/78,
Ha Npi
5 Nguyen Cinh Toin (1999), Sdn ludn vd
kinh nghiim vi tuhgc, NXB Gilo due, H I Ndi
6 Nguyen Cinh Toan (chd bien) (2001), Hpc
vd dgy cdeh hgc, NXB Oai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi
7 Trinh Quang Td (1995), Nhdng phuang
hudng to ehde hogt dgng tuhgc cda sinh viin cdc trudng qudn su, Luan I n t i l n si Ha Ndi
SUMMARY
The article analyses the wrong explanations and defenses of self-study and gives the nature of self-study At the end the author presents conditions
of self-study and the education of self-study capacities for students
iiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiH
Nhin chung, ehdong trinh mdn t i l n g me dd
v i n hpc cda d c nude d i u tap trung v i o hai mue
tidu Idn: Mdt Id, trau ddi v l p h i t trien ning lue
ngdn ngd (khi n i n g van diing chinh xle, sing
tao d c ki ning ngdn ngd trong giao tilp); Hai Id
ehu trpng quan d i l m l l m t i n g sU ydu thfch v i n
hda d i n tdc thdng qua mdn hpc niy Muc tidu thd
n h l t ydu c l u c i n chu •} tteh hpp trong ndi bd mdn
hoc O l dat dupc muc tidu thd hai ein coi trpng
day hpc tich hop cIc npi dung khoa hpc x l hdi
n h i n v i n trong d c gid hpc Ngd van, nhat la gid
dpc h i l u v i n b i n trong n h i trUdng phd thdng
hidn hinh
TAILI£UTHAMKHAO
1 Bd GD&OT, Chuang trinh gido due pho thdng
mdn Ngd vdn, 2006
2 Bd GD & DT, Tdi liiu bdi dUdng gido viin thuc
hiin chuang trinh, sdeh gido khoa Idp 10 Trung hgc
phS thdng, NgQ vdn ndng cao Ha Ndi,2006
3 Bd GD &0T, Tdi liiu bdi dUdng gido viin thUc
hiin chuang trinh, sich g i l o khoa Idp 11, mdn Ngd
v i n , NXB Gilo due, 2007
4 Bd GD & DT, HUdng dan thue hiin chuang
trinh, sdeh gido khoa Idp 12, mdn Ngd vin, NXB Gilo
due, 2008,
5 Xaviers Rogiers, Khoa suphgm tich hgp hay
Idm thi ndo diphdt triin cdc ndng life d nhd trudng,
NXB Gilo due, 1996,
6 Do Ngpe Thdng, Tim hiiu chuang trinh NgO
vdn THPT, NXB Gilo due, 2006
7 Do Ngpe Thdng, Chuang trinh Ngd vdn trong
nhd trudng f^hSthdng Viit Nam, NXB Gilo due, 2011
8 Definition and Selection of Competencies
(h ttp://w ww.d eseeo.ad m in)
9 INCA (2011) - http://www inca.org.uk
10 Key Competencies - A developing concept in general compulsory education- Eurydice, 2002
SUMMARY
Addressing the integrative teaching of social-humanities topics in school language teaching the author presets: 1/intra- and inter-subjea integration; 2/integration as teaching science; 3/active teaching social-humanity knowledge through Vietnamese literature
Sli78-THilllG3/2ei2>21