^ THUCTiNGlAODUC CONG TAC DAO TAO, DOI DUdNG GIAO VIEN PHUC VU MUC TIEU CHUAN HOA VAN DE NHIN TIT THUC T E T A Y N G U Y £ N Nin giio due cua bit ed qudc gia nio, suy din edng, phg thudc vio chfnh c i[.]
Trang 1^ THUCTiNGlAODUC
CONG TAC DAO TAO, DOI DUdNG GIAO VIEN PHUC VU MUC TIEU CHUAN HOA - VAN DE NHIN TIT THUC T E T A Y N G U Y £ N
Nin giio due cua bit ed qudc gia nio, suy din
edng, phg thudc vio chfnh c i nhin ngUdi gllo viln
(GV), vio piilm chit v l ning lge cda hp "Khdng mdt
h i thdng giio dgc nio ed the vUOn cao hon qui t i m
nhdng GV lim vile eho h i thdng giio dgc dd" (Raja
Roy Singh) Chuin nghi nghiip GV ra ddi dip dng
dugc nhdng ylu d u eda mdt nin gllo due ddi mdi v i
phit triln, Nhung thgc tiln gllo due hiln nay ludn ddi
hdi ngudi GV phli khdng ngdng hpe t i p d l dip dng
ehuln, phd hpp vdi ylu d u hdi nhip qudc t l v i ddi
mdi giio due eda d l t nudc
1 Quan n i l m ve chu^n hda v l t i m quan trong
ddi vdi GV
"Chuin" l i d l dupe chpn lim can cd d l ddi chilu,
d l hudng theo dd m l lim eho ddng; "ehuln hda" l i
xic lip ehuln mgc, l i lim eho nd trd thinh dung
ehuln Chuin hda GV l i mdt h i tic ddng liln tgc ed
h i thdng, cd k l hoach theo mdt trinh tg Idgie nhit
djnh nhlm hudng d i n ehuln nghi nghiip d l dupe
quy djnh
Chuin nghi nghiip GV cd gll trj nhU l i mdt
"thudc do" ning lge hinh nghi eda GV diln ra trong
bdi d n h thgc tien gllo due Chuan vda cd gll tri
hudng d i n nghi nghiip, vda cd gla tri dinh g i i mdc
dd chit lupng m i mdi GV dl, dang v i ed t h i dat dupc
Vife ehuln hda GV s l gidp eho ddi ngu elc nhi giio
khdng ngi^g phin d l u dat ehuln, ning cao ning lge
c^nh tranh v l trinh dd, phuong phip, ki ning giing
day trong nhi trudng Diy l i eo hdi tdt di ddi ngu nay
cd t h i phit huy t h i manh eua minh, bd sung nhdng
m i t edn y l u v i thilu; tao ddng Igc d l hp tg hpc tg
rln, ning eao hieu q u i day hpe v i gllo dgc hpe sinh
(HS) Bdng thdi gidp eho d e clp quin If gllo dgc di
xult dung d c co chl, ehinh sleh v l giio due; cdng
tic quy hoach dio tao, bdi dUdng, sd dung ddi ngu
GV trln tfa bin; thgc hiln eie biln phip tie dpng
quin li d l ning cao chit lupng GV d 3 mat pham chit
chinh trj, dao ddc ldi sdng; trinh dp ehuyin mdn; ki
ning v l nghiip vu su pham
2 Thinh tgu v l bit cap ciia cong t i c dao tao^
boi di/dng GV phuc vu cho viec chuan hoa tU thuc
tiTSy Nguyen
CIn cdf kit q u i dinh g l l ehuln GV eda d e clp hpc
trln tfa bin tinh Kon Tum, qua khio sit v i phdng van
tai d e trudng, chdng tdi ed t h i dlnh gll nhu sau:
TS.NGUYtNSfTHir
Si Gilo dMC ( I Oio t;o Kon TUm
2.}.r/idn/itiiti
+ Chit lupng GVtoin tinh co bin da dip dng ylu clu nhilm vu dat ra eda Nginh GV ed dd elc phim
c h i t ning lge va ki ning day hpe, thgc hlln ed hllu qui cdng tic day hpc v i d c hoat ddng giio due HS GV
t i n tuy vdi nghi, tie phong mlu mgc sdng dao ddc; chip hinh tdt dudng Idi, chd truong eda Blng, chinh sleh, phip luit eda Nhi nude
+ Ba sd GV van dung dUpc ehuln kiln thde - ki nang cda mdn hpc trong day hpc giio due v i kilm tra, dinh gii phu hpp vdi HS; vln dgng khi tdt d c phuong phip day hpe tieh cgc, sd dung hllu qui d c phuong tiln day hpc hiln dai GV ed y thde tg hpe, tg rln luyin
d l ning eao ehuyin mdn, cd tinh thin d u tiln; quan tim, ling nghe ddng nghiip v l HS
2.ZNhiJingbdtcdp
+ Toin tinh edn khoing 1,92% GV xip loai kim
so vdi ehuln nghi nghiip, t i p trung ehu yeu d 2 mat Kiln thde v i ki ning sU pham.Trong dd chd y l u d tilu ehuln 3 (ning luc day hpc) v i tilu ehuln 6 (ning lge phit triln nghi nghiip)
+ Mat blng trinh dp hpe vln, ehuyin mdn nghiip
vg, ki nang v i phuong phip van dung kiln thdc II luin
da hpe vio thgc tiln giing day cda dpi GV d elc trudng vung siu, vung xa, dpi ngd GV ngUdI din tdc thilu sd van edn nhilu han chl, chua d i p dng dupe ylu clu nhilm vg ddi mdi ehucmg trtnh gllo due; nhilu GV l i ngudi din tdc Kinh edng tie d dja bin vdng din tde thilu sd khdng sddgng dupe ngdn ngd din tde vung
dd, chua am hieu phong tgc t i p quin cda ddng bio din tde thilu sd
+ Mpt bp phan n h i gllo ed tudi ddi v i tudi nghi liu nlm cd bieu hiln lac hlu v l tU duy v i nhin thde thilu nhay ben v i cham thich dng vdl xu hudng ddi mdi gllo dgc hiln nay; ki ning sd dung d e thilt bj day hpc hiln dai v i dng dgng edng nghi thdng tin trong day hpc cdn y l u kem
+ Qua dg gid, tflu tra, phdng vln GV mdi tuyln dung v i GV tiudng d i n t i p sg d mdt sd trudng phd thdng, chung tdi thu dupe kit qui sau: Chit lupng GV dupe dio tao d d e trudng dai hpe supham v i eao ding
su pham chua ddng dlu, v i mdt sd it chit lupng cdn kim Nguyin nhin: Muc tilu, ehuong trinh, phuong phip dio tao edn bit clp so vdi ylu elu thgc tiln ddi
mdi giio due hiln nay; chit lUpng dau vio thip, 'y thde
42*nNMHQCGUODVC
Trang 2THUC TliNGlAO DUC ^
Bdng 1 Thdng ki xip logi GV theo Chudn nghi nghiip ndm hgc 2010-2011
Blchpc
Tilu hpc
(3127 GV)
THCS
(2446 GV)
THPT
(926 GV)
C«ng
Xult sic
XL
704
717
238
1659
%
22,51 29,31 25,70 25,52
Khi
XL
1202
920
372
2494
%
38,44 37,62 40,17 38,37
Trung binh
XL
1143
774
304
2221
%
36,56 31,64 32,82 34,17
K#m
XL
78
35
12
125
%
2,49 1,43 1,29 1,92
Bdng 2 Phdn logi GVehUa dgt Chudn ndm hge2010-2011
B|c hpc
Tilu hpc
(3127GV)
THCS
(2446 GV)
THPT
(926 GV)
C«ng
Linh vuc (LV) chua dat chuin (xip loai k6m) LV1: Phim chit chfnh
trj, dao dUc Idl sdng
SL
0
0
0
0
%
0
0
0 0%
LV2:Kilnthilc
SL
56
28
11
95
%
1,79 1,14 1,18 1,46
LV 3: Ki nUng sU pham
SL
38
21
12
71
%
1,21 0,85 1,29 1,09
Ghl chu
T6ngs6GV dugc ddnh gid, xip logi: 6499
Bdng 3 Thdng ki ede tiiu ehi ehu yiu GV chUa dgt Chudn
Tieu chuin
TMu chuin 3
Ning Igc d^y hpc
Tiiu chuin 4
Ning Igc giio dye
Tiiu chuin 6
Ning Igc p h i t triln n g h i nghibp
Ti6uchl(TC) TC11 V|n dgng cic phuong phip day hpc TC12 Sd dung cic phuong ti^n day hpc
TC 13 Xiy dgng m6i tn/dng hpc t i p
TC 15 Kilm tra dinh g i i k i t qui hpc t i p cCia hpc sinh TC20 Vin dgng cic nguy&n tic, phuong phip, hInh thiJrc t6 chUc giio due
TC 24 Tg dinh g i i , tU hpc v i tg rJn luy^n
TC 25 Phit hien v i giii quylt cic vln d l niy sinh trong thuc tien giio due
1 1 l $ % G V x l p l o a i k ^ 19,5 21,0 5,9 17,4 10,6 18,0 8,5
hpe t i p eda SV ehua cao, chUa thgc sgylu nghi Mdt
bd phin SV ra trudng ehua ed phuong phip day hpe
hl|n dai; ki ning day hpc, die bilt l i kl ning kilm tra,
dinh g l l kit q u i hpe t i p eua HS, kJ ning ti/ hpe - tg
nghiin edu cdn thilu v i ylu
3 Odi mdi cdng t i c d i e t a a bdi dtfdng GV
phuc vu cho vile dniSn hda
3.1.Yiucdudtung
+Trong cdng tic d i o tao, bdi dudng (OT, BD) GV
phli thgc hiln theo ddng d e t i l u chuan, tilu ehi eda
ehuln nghi nghiip GV, trong dd t i p trung vio d c ki
ning day hpe tieh ege v i nghiip vu su pham cda nhi
gllo hlln dai VI dly l i v l n d l sdng cdn ti'ong sg nghiip
d i o tao, bdi duOng GV, quylt tfnh chit lUOng giio dgc
cda mdi ^ a phucmg
+ Cic ffUdng BHSP v i CDSP phli g i n k i t vdi nhi
(Ngu6n:Sd6D vd BTKon Tum)
trudng phd thdng (PT) trong muc tilu, nhilm vg, ylu
d u BT, BD GV Mgc tilu, ylu elu v l ehucmg trinh, ndi dung BT, BD GV phii dip dng nhu d u x l hdi, phli gin kit vdi thgc tiln elc trudng PT
+ Be thgc hiln edng tic OT, BD GV phgc vu cho vile ehuln hda theo ehuln nghi nghiip GV cd hiiu
q u i bin vdng d n ba eon dUdng song hinh: BT, BD GV ddng chuan v i trln chuan (nhilm vg eda d c trudng
su pham); BD GV dat ehuln (nhilm vu cda d c co sd giio dgc); tg hpc-tg bdi dudng de phu hpp vdi chuan (nhilm vu cda bin thin mdi GV)
3.2 Ddo tgo, bdi dtfdng CV sUphgm dung chudn
vd trin chudn
Chuong trinh DT, BD GV cda d c trudng su pham (SP) phli d n cd vio ehuln nghi nghiip GV de xly dgng d e tilu ehi dlu ra Mue tilu BT d d c trudng SP
S(iM-TlUlKl/2S12«43
Trang 3^ THUCTliNGlAODUC
hiln nay chi phin Inh ndi dung tdng quit d e ning Igc
eda GV d n dupe dio tao d l dat mdt trinh dp ehuin
theo vln blng nio do Thgc t l hiln nay, he thdng d c
Cd sd dio tao SP vln ehua theo kjp ylu d u thgc tiln
gllo due Ndi dung dio tao SP chua dip dng ylu d u
cda gllo due phd thdng, giio due mim non, cham ddi
mdi phuong piilp v i kilm tra, dlnh gii Vi vly, d e
trudng SP ein phli bim sit nhdng ylu elu thgc tiln td
d e trudng PT d l ddi mdi mue tilu, chuong trinh, ndi
dung dio tao, bdi dUdng, eu t h i l i :
+Cdc trudng suphgm phdi gdn kit vdi trudng PTdi
ddo tgo GV
- Ddi mdi muc tilu BT GV theo tfnh hudng: khi
tdt nghiip, SV phli d i p dng dupe d c ylu elu v l phim
chit v i ning lge cda ehuln nghi nghiip GV;
- Bdi mdi ndi dung, ehuong trinh BT GV theo
tfnh hudng dip dng sg thay ddi v l vai trd cua ngudi
GV trong bdi einh eda x l hdi hiln dai; hudng vio vile
hinh thinh nhdng ning Igc ki ning day hpe hiln dai
nhU: ki ning td ehde d e hoat ddng day hpe-gilo dgc
tieh ege ki ning hpp tie nhdm trong hpe tip, ki ning
glli quylt vln d l , ki ning khai thic v i dng dung edng
nghi thdng tin, ki ning kilm, tra dlnh gll HS, ki ning
tg hpc, tg nghiin eCiU; ndi dung, chuong trinh dio tao
d n bim sit ndi dung ehucmg trinh, sleh gllo khoa eda
nhi trudng PT
+Cdc trudng suphgm phdi gdn kit vdi trudng PTdi
bdi dudng GV
Cic nha gllo ludn cd nhu elu tilp tue hpc tip, bdi
dudng d l hoin thiln ning lge chuyin mdn v i hoin
thinh nhilm vg day hpe eda minh Hp mudn ed nhdng
Idi glli dip cho nhdng thic mIe ehuyin mdn niy sinh
trong qui trinh day hpe td d c nhi nghiin cdu, d e tic
gll vilt sleh gllo khoa, sach tham khio m i hp dang
sd dung hing ngiy Hp mudn dupe cap nhat thdng
tin khoa hpc td trudng SP, noi hp da tCmg dupe dio
tao Hp mong mudn ed nhdng ddi mdi v l ndi dung v i
phuong phip d l ning eao chit lupng giing day B l
lim tdt nhilm vu BD GV, d c trUdng SP cin d n ed kit
qui dinh gii chuan nghi nghiip GV (dc han chl, ylu
kim) tdcic tfa phuong de Iga chpn ndi dung ehuyin
d l v i phuong phip bdi dudng phu hpp Die b i l t d n
chd trpng din ki ning day hpc phuong phip day hpc
tfeh cue trinh tinh trang BD li thuylt hin lim, "giiu
tri thde nhung ngheo ki nang thgc tiln day hpc" - mdt
tflm ylu hiln nay eda d e trudng SP
33 Bdi dudng CVdgt chudn, phii hgp chudn
Dly l i mgc tilu, nhilm vg v i trich nhllm cda Sd
GD v l DT, d c phdng GD v i ot, d e trudng PT, eg thi,
cin thgc hlln tdt mdt sd edng vile sau:
+ Tmdc h i t d c trudng phli td ehde dlnh g i i
ddng cic mat ylu kim cua ddi ngu GV theo ehuln
nghi nghiip, td dd xly dgng k l hoach, Iga chpn ndi
dung, hinh thdc bdi dUdng phd hpp nhlm ning cao trinh dp, ning Igc ki nang su pham v i phuang phip day hpe tich cgc hien dai eho GV Trong qui trinh BD
GV, Sd GD va BT d n lien kit vdi mdt sd trUdng SP d l td chdc biln soan ndi dung, chuong trinh bdi dudng sit hpp v i gin liln vdi thgc tiln chit lupng GV v i HS cua tfa phuang
+ Sd Giio dgc v i B i o tao tilp tgc dly manh hllu qui hoat ddng "Td phuong phap luu ddng" cda nginh
d l thgc hiln cdng tie BD ehuyin mdn-nghilp vg cho
GV d e trudng edn yeu v i thilu so vdi ehuln nghi nghiep, eg t h i l i : Kiln toin cdng tic td ehde eda "Td phuong phip luu ddng" vdi dpi ngd GV edt d n d c bd mdn thinh d e nhdm chuyin trieh d l BD eho GV elc trudng gap khd khin v l dpi ngd theo d e ehuyin d l eu thi, phu hpp vdi mdi trudng PT; xly dgng lai ehUdng trinh, k l hoaeh, ndi dung v i kinh ph! hoat ddng tuvin,
hd trp de BD d e mat han chl eua GV vdi elc hinh thdc nha dg gid len Idp, hd trp v l cdng tie quin If ehuyin mdn, tu vln chit lupng d e bii soan, thim djnh chit lupng d e d l kilm tra, dinh gii kit qui hpc t i p HS, trong dd t i p trung vao d e ki ning sddung d e phuong phip day hpc tich ege elc hinh thde td ehde day hpc phu hpp vdi HS
+ Trong ehuong trinh, k l hoach BD GV phli lly mgc tilu tg hpc- tg bdl dudng cda GV lim trpng tim,
cg t h i li: Hiiu trudng nhi trudng phli tfnh hUdng ndi dung tg hpe t g bdi dudng eua GV nhu vile Iga chpn,
xle tfnh, tim kilm vln di d n hpe tip, bdi dUdng phCi
hpp vdl mgc tilu, ylu cau cdng tie ehuyin mdn eda bin thin Hieu trudng nhi trudng phii quin If chat chl, khoa hpe v i danh gll dupe kit qui tg hpc, tg bdi dudng eda GV Hiiu trudng d e trUdng phli xly dgng dupe mdi trudng t g hpc, tg bdi dudng eho GV thdng qua td chuyin mdn, d c dpt sinh hoat ehuyin mdn, nghiin cdu khoa hpc su pham dng dung, thilt k l bii gling dien tOr
4 IMot so khuyen nghj Qua nghiin edu, khio sit d d c ed sd dio tao GV
v i qua thgc tiln quin li nginh GD v i DTtinh, chdng tdi
di xult mdt sd k h u y l i nghj:
+ DdlvdiBdGDviDT:
- Trong nhilm vg xly dgng v i phit triln nginh
su pham d n ddi mdi quin li ddng bd td Bd GD v i BT,
d c dta phuong d i n d c eo sd dio tao GV Trong dd, eo
sd dao tao GV phli thgc hlln "ba edng khai", edng bd chuan d l u ra cda tdng ehuyin nginh dio tao, cam kit chat lupng v i xly dgng chuong trinh hinh ddng ddi mdi quin R, ning cao chit lupng dio tao Bdi mdi edng tie tuyln sinh vio d c trudng, khoa su pham nhlm bio dim chit lupng d l u v i a Cdng vdi vile ddi mdi mue tilu, ndi dung, qui trinh, phucmg thdc dio tao g i n vdl thgc tiin thi vile thIt chit dlu ra de dim bio chit
(Xem tiip trang 61)
44 • KHOA HfC Bio DVC
Trang 4GlAODUCDANTOC m
thdng d i n tdc ndi tru v i nhCfng vj suhoin tgc da tdng
hpe Truemg Bd tiic vln hoi - Pali Nam Bd vi hai nhdm
ddi tupng niy bilt ndi, dpc v i vilt tdt d hai thd tilng
Vilt v i Khmer; xly dgng ddi ngd trp giing ehinh tif
nhdng ngudi din tfa phuong bilt ehd Khmer Nhdng
biln phip niy s l han chl rio d n ngdn ngd gida ngudi
day v i ngudi hoc
Kit l u i n
Cdng tic dio tao nghi v l giii quylt vile lim eho
ddng bio din tdc Khmer eda tinh Sdc Trlng tuy edn
nhilu khd khin, thich thde song da cd chilu hudng
tfch ege v i nhdng bude tiln ding k l , nhung vln ehua
dat hllu qui mong mudn Thgc hlln ddng bd nhdng
nhdm giii phip nlu trln, ehung ta se ning eao dupe
hiiu qui dio tao nghi v i sd dgng ngudn nhin lge nd
Khmer, gdp phin thue hiln thing Ipi chiln lupe "Tang
ttUdng kinh t i g i n vdi xda ddi giim ngheo" v i d i m bio
edng blng xa hdi
TAI Lieu THAM K H A O
1 Ban Tuyln giio Tinh dy Sdc Trang, Nghj quyit
Dgi hdi dgi biiu Ddng bd tinh Sdc Trdng ldn thUXII, nhiim
W20;0-io75,2O1O
2 OdThj Hdi, Kinh nghiim easdvi gidi phdp ndng
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII^
cao chdt iugng nguon nhdn luc ngudi ddn tdc Khmer trin
dia bdn tinh Kiin Giang Hdi thio Gill pliip cii thiln
ngudn nhan lge ngudi dan tde Khmer vung Odng blng Sdng Cdu Long, 2009
3 Hdi Day nghi Viet Nam, Tang cudng vdn hda
nghi thue ddy viic Idm bin vUng, NXB Lao ddng Hi Ndi,
2011
4 Phung Rln, Tong quan vi ngudi Khmer Nam bd
Hdi thio Giii phip eli thien ngudn nhin lge ngudi din tdc Khmer vung Ddng blng Sdng Cdu Long, 2009
5 Trung t i m day nghi huyin Vinh Chiu, Bdo cdo
tham ludn ve md hinh dgy nghi cho ddng tido ddn tdc Khmer vd edng tdcxudtkhdu lao ddng 2011
6 UBND tinh Sdc Tring, Bdo cdo sa kit cdng tdc
dgy nghi, gidi quyit viee idm 6 thdng ddu ndm vd cdc gidi phdp thuc hien 6 thdng cudi ndm 2011,2011
SUMMURY
The artide has provided an overview of actual status
of vocational training for Khmer women in Soc Trang province, which has numerous limitations Based on this, the article suggested some key solutions for enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of vocational ttaining and use
of Khmer female workers in this province
CONG TAC DAO TAO, DOI D U O N G GIAO VIEN
lupng l i tflu d n thilt trln t i l n trinh tg ddi mdi, hoin
thiln nginh su pham;
- Odi mdi mgc tilu, ndi dung elc ehuyin d l bdi
dudng thudng xuyin v i phucmg phip bdi dudng
thudng xuyin trong djp h i cho GV d e ble hpe trang
toin qudc Chuin nghi nghiip GV l i muc tilu cua
cdng tic bdi dUdng, hllu q u i eda edng tie bdi dUdng
GV phli dip dng mue t i l u ddi mdi gllo dge v i ning
eao chit lupng GV, phd hpp vdi nhdng ylu kim d n
khlc phgc cua GV til d c tfa phuong
+ Odi vdi Sd GD v i OT, phdng GD v i DT v i elc co
sd gllo dge:
- CIn ed vio thUc trang dlnh g i i GV theo chuan
d l xly dgng k l hoaeh chi dao d e trudng td chdc bdi
dudng d c mat cdn ylu cda GV Odng thdi phdi hpp
vdi d c trudng SP md d e Idp bdi dUdng chuyin mdn
nghiip vg hllu qui cho GV trong toin nginh;
- Hiiu trudng cic trudng PT phli td chdc dlnh
gll ddng chit lupng GV eda trudng minh, die biet
d n tao dilu kiln cho GV ed nhu elu t g dlnh gia
ning lge b i n t h i n theo ehuln Dilu quan trpng l i
phli giup GV ed ki nang t^o ra v i sd dgng dupc d e
minh chdng - mdt trong d c ki thuit then chdt trong
thang do eda ehuln n g h i nghiip GV, lim eo sd cho
edng tic OT, BD GV dung Chuan
• (Flip theo trang 44)
TAILI£UTHAMKHAO
1 Oing Qudc Bio, Od Qudc Anh, Dinh Thi Kim
Thoa, Cdm nang ndng cao ndng luc vd phdm chdt ddi
ngu GV, NXB Li luin Chfnh ttj Hi Ndi, 2007
2 Bd GDSfOT, Tdi lieu Hudng ddn dp dung Chudn
nghi nghiip GV trung hgc vdo ddnh gid GV, NXB Oai hpc
supham, Hi Ndi, 2011.'
3 Nguyen Lim Diln, NhCing thdeh thdc mdi trong
ddo tgo GV THPT Tap chf Gilo dge so 268/2011
4 Pham Minh Hung, Doi mdi cdng tde ddo tgo
GV THPT trong giai dogn hiin nay Tap ehi Giio due so
262/2011
5 Nguyen SyThU, Chudn GVTHCS-vdn didgtraddi
vdi cdng tdc ddo tgo vd bdi dudng GV, Tgp chl khoa hgc DaihocQudcgiaHdNdi-Chuyiit san KHXH&NV, Dai hpc
Qudc gia Hi Ndi - Tap XX, Sd 3PT., 2004, tr.69 - tt.74
SUMMARY
In order to ensure sustainable effectiveness and effidencyofteachingttaininginsupportofstandardization,
a combination of three forces is required, ie ttaining
of standard and above-standard teachers in teaching ttaining institutions; upgrading of teachers to achieve qualifications in educational institutions and self-ttaining
to live up to standards among teachers themselves