QNGHICNCIJIU XAY DUNG VA SUf DUNG LUDC D 6 TIT DUY DE DAY HOC CAC BAI LUYEN T A P H 6 A HOC L0P12 I Oitvindl Lupc dd tu duy (LDTD) cdn gpi l i b i n dd tU duy, sodd tuduy,,, l i mdt hinh thdc ghi ch^p[.]
Trang 1XAY DUNG VA SUf DUNG LUDC D 6 TIT DUY
DE DAY HOC CAC BAI LUYEN TAP H 6 A HOC L 0 P 1 2
I.Oitvindl
Lupc dd t u duy (LDTD) cdn gpi l i b i n dd tU duy,
sodd tuduy,,, l i mdt hinh thdc ghi ch^p sddyng m i u
sic, hinh i n h d l m d rpng v i d i o s i u c i c y tUdng,
dupc x i y dung v i p h i t t r i l n bdi t i e g i i Tony Buzan
D i y l i mpt cdng cy t u duy cd tfnh ddt p h i , mdt eich
khai thic t i l m n i n g vd t i n cua bp n i o d i dupe hon
250 trifiu ngudi d cie qudc gia tr^n t h l gidi sQ dung
trong t i t c i cic linh vpe SQ dung LDTD trong day
hpc l i mpt kT t h u i t day hpc tich eye giup g i i o v i l n
chu ddng, linh hoat, t i l t ki^m thdi gian trong vi&e
t h i l t k l b i i day, truyen dat k i l n ihQc mdi, cung cd
k i l n thdc b i i hpc, tdng hpp k i l n thUe chuong, hpc
phin , hinh t h i n h eho hpc sinh phuong p h i p t u hpc
h i l u q u i , p h i t huy tdi da tfnh sing tao, k h i n i n g t u
duy, n i n g khilu hpi hpa, ddng thdi tao l i m If I h o i i
m i l , kich thich hQng thQ hpc t i p cQa hpc sinh
Trong day hpc, b i i luy^n t i p l i dang b i i h o i n
thign k i l n thQc v i dupc thuc h i i n sau mdt sd b i i day
nghien cQu k i l n thQc mdi h o i c k i t thuc mpt chuong,
mpt phan cua ehuong trinh Nd •y nghia quan trpng
trong vile hinh t h i n h phuong p h i p n h i n thUc v i
p h i t trien t u duy, giup hoc sinh t i i hi^n lal eie k i l n
thUe da hpc, h^ thdng hda cic k i l n thQc dupc nghlln
cQu rdi rac qua mdt sd b i i , m d t chuong h o i c mdt
p h i n t h i n h mdt h i k i l n thUe ed quan h& chat che
vdi nhau theo logic x i c djnh, ddng thdi cung giup
g i i o vien cd d i l u k i l n cung cd, l i m chfnh xic, chfnh
If, p h i t t r i l n v i md rdng k i l n thUe cho hpc sinh
Tuy nhi^n, qua thuc te day hpc cho thay, da sd g i i o
vien thudng cd t i m If ng?i day eie b i i \uyin t^p d i e
b i l l trong eie dpi dU gid, thao g i i n g hoic cic hpi thi
vl khd lUa chpn phuong p h i p d l td chQc hpc sinh hoat
ddng tich cUc, phuong p h i p day hpc chu y i u dupe i p
dung l i lilt k i k i l n IhQc, tao ra c i m giic n h i m chin,
khdng kfch thfch dupe hUng thQ hpc t i p cua hpc sinh,
vl v i y b i i v i l t n i y se dua ra mdt sdgqiygiOp gido viin sQ
dung LDTD di thiit ki vd gidng dgy cdc bdi luyin tdp hda
hqc Idp 12 p h i n nguyin td kim loai, nhdm nguyin td
kim loai theo hudng day hpc tfch cUC
2, Xay d u n g va sQ di^ng LDTD de day h9C c i c
b i i luy^n tap h o i hoc Idp 12 phSn nguyen ttf k i m
loai
TBANTHINGQCANH
Dgi hgc Ddng nip
PHAM THI THANH T A M
Trudng THPT Miftng La, Ifnh Ssn U Sich g i i o khoa Hda hpc 12 p h i n kim loai gdm
ba ehuong (ehuong 5, 6, 7) trong dd cd 6 b i i luy$n
t i p Cic b i i hpc v l kim lo^i ho$e chuong kim loai thudng gdm c i c p h i n ; vj tri v i c i u tao nguyin til, tinh c h i t v i t H, tfnh c h i t hda hpc, d i l u c h l , Qng
dyng, cie hpp c h i t tiiu b i l u
Cd t h l t d m t i t hoat ddng day v i hpc t i l t luyin
t i p b i i n g u y i n td kim loai, nhdm n g u y i n t d kim loai vdi LDTD t h i n h cic budc chlnh nhu sau:
Budc 1: Chudn bf
Chuin bj cOa g i i o v i l n v i hpc sinh l i yiu t l
q u y l t djnh d i n c h i t luong v i sp t h i n h cdng cCia tilt luyin t i p ,
- Chudn bi cOa gido viin:
Giio viin x i c dinh muc tiSu b i i h o c iMa chon
phuong p h i p v i phuong t i | n day hpc phii hpp v * ndl dungcOa b i i , sau d d t h i l t k l g i i o i n b i n g LDTD vdi su hd trpcua c i c p h i n m I m t i n hpc nhu MIndJet MlndManager, Concept Draw,Mindmap.Pra vS.2.2, e-MindMap_4.0
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• Chudn bi cOa hgc sinh:
Sau khi k i t thdc mdt chucmg hay mdt hpc phSn,
g i i o v i l n y i u c i u c i c nhdm hpc sinh (mdi nhdm t^ 4-6 em) l i p m^t LDTD tdng hpp c i c k i l n thQc co
b i n trong chuong, vdi tQ khda l i ndi dung chfnh ctJa chuang (cd t h l l i t i l u d l cOa chuong) Mdi hpc sinh trong nhdm s i phy t r i c h m d t m i n g cOa ndi dung chfnh tuong Ung vdi mdt n h i n h chfnh cOa L0T&
t h i l t l i p mdi Min hi cOa ndi dung k i l n thQc mlnh
phy t r i c h vdi c i c n h i n h ndi dung k i l n thUc khic trong LDTD
Giio v i l n k h u y i n khfch hpc sinh p h i t huy t6l
da sp sing tao, nang k h i l u hdi hpa, k i t hpp sQ dgng
n h i l u m i u sic, hinh i n h mlnh hpa l i m ndi b i t kiln thdc trpng t i m , thu hdt dupc su chd y, gidp ngUW
Trang 2dpe d l nhd, d l \iin tudng h o i n t h i l n LDTD
Giio vien cd t h l hudng d i n hpc sinh t h i l t k l Hoat ddng n i y giup hoe sinh dn t i p v i n i m LDTD theo quy trinh sau: vQng eic k i l n thUc b i i hpc mdt eich nhanh chdng
1/XdcdinhtUkhdac0aLDTDihtinnguyint6kim ddng thdi r l n eho hoc sinh t h i i 66 iQ tin khi ndi logi hoae fen nhdm nguyin tdkim logi trudc t i p t h l , t h u y l t trinh trudc d i m ddng, linh t h i n
2/ Ldp cdc nhdnh chlnh cua LDTD l i cie p h i n hpp t i c v i l i m vi&c theo nhPm hiiu q u i
k i l n thdc chinh, cd t h l gdm: c i u tao nguyen tQ, tinh
c h i t v i t If, tinh c h i t hda hoc, d i l u c h l , Ung dyng, cie
chia t h i n h cic n h i n h nhd nhU: tfnh c h i t v i t If gdm
nhi^t dp sdi, n h i l t dp ndng chiy, if khdi, ; tinh chit
mudi,,,
3/Thiit ldp moi Uin hi giUa cde nhdnh Vf dy: TQ
c i u tao nguy&n tU kim loai cd t h l d u d o i n dupc tinh
chat hda hoc, t d tinh c h i t hda hpc cd the du d o i n
dupc phuong p h i p d i l u c h l , tdcac tinh c h i t v i t li cd
t h l d u d o i n dupe cie Qng dung,
Ngoii l i i n h i cic k i l n thQc trong chuong, hpc
sinh cd t h l li^n hi vdi cie k i l n IhQc cua eic ehuong
khic trong chuong trinh
2/ Vdn dung kien thQc di Idm mdt s6 bdi tdp hin quan (15-25 phut)
Giio vi^n lua chpn mdt sd b i i t i p phd hpp de cung cd k i l n ihUc b i i hpc cho hpc sinh LDTD glQp
hpc sinh d l d i n g t h i y dupe mdi iiin h^ gida eic k i l n
ihQe CO b i n vdi cic dang b i i t i p li§n quan tQdd khie siu v i nhd l i u k i l n thUe
3/ Cung co kien thQc bdi hqc (5 phOt)
Giio vi&n yeu c i u mdi hpc sinh v l n h i l i p mpt
LDTD v l ndi dung k i l n ihQc trong chuong trin ca sd
da dupc chlnh sQa, bd sung, D i y l i l i i lieu eho hpc sinh khi c i n dn t i p h o i c xem lai cic k i l n thQc da hpc
Vi du: Dgy bdi 37'Luyin tdp:Tinh chdt hda hqc cua Sdt vd hqp chdt cua Sdt (Sdch gido khoa Hda hoc 12)
Hpc sinh d i dQoc hpc v l Sit trong chuong trinh
Idp 9, den ldp 12 hpc sinh dugc tim h i l u siu hon v l
tfnh chit eua Sit va cic hpp c h i t cQa Sit Sit l i kim loai ed r i t n h i l u Qng dung trong ddi sdng, vi v i y
g i i o vien cd the gpi y hpc sinh sQ dyng hinh i n h trung t i m trong LDTD l i mpt Qng dung gan gui eua li^n tudng
Cae n h i n h chfnh cua LDTD ed the gdm c i u tao, tfnh chat vat If, tfnh chat hda hpc, cie hpp chat cQa Sit Hpc sinh t h i l t lap mdi lien he giQa cie nhinh
Budc 2: To chUc boat dpng dgy vd hgc trin 1^ trong LDTD, nhu tQti'nh chat vat li ed tinh nhiem
Mpt t i l t luyen t i p thudng cd c i u true gdm hai tQ Qng dung de san x u i t la b i n , tQ cau tao nguyen
p h i n chfnh: On t i p kien thdc eo b i n can n i m vQng tQ dQ d o i n cie sd oxi hda (+2), (+3) eua Sit, tinh
v i van dung kien thQc de l i m mdt sd bai t i p lien chat hda hpc cQa Sat, su bien ddi sd oxi hda cua Sit quan Trong tQng p h i n g i i o vi6n ed t h l ehia t h i n h khi l i e dyng vdi c h i t khac nhau, t d tfnh chat hda nhilu hoat ddng nhd hpc du d o i n phuong p h i p d i l u c h l , trang t h i i t u
1/On tdp kiin thQc ca bdn cdn ndm vQng (15-25 nhi^n N g o i i ra, hpc sinh ed t h l l i l n h i vdi eic kien phot)
Hoat ddng 1: 2-3
nhdm hpc sinh l i n b i o
cio, thuyet minh v l LDTD
cOa nhdm trudc t i p t h l
Idp, hpc sinh trong nhdm
phu t r i c h phan n i o se
trinh b i y p h i n dd
Hoat ddng 2: Hpc
sinh c i c nhdm k h i c se
ddng gdp, bd sung 'j/
k i l n cho nhdm ban, g i i o
v i l n la ngUdi hudng d i n ,
chlnh si]ra gidp hoc sinh
(Xem tiep trang 34)
( E H - - ^
\.m v~
f ^ — 1 — ^
y^M—K
^ • ^ m—
Trang 34 K i t l u i n v i mdt sd d l x u i t
Mfle dd b i l u h l l n sing lao trong b i i thl h i t hpe
p h i n cua SVTrUdng DHNN HN thupe dien nghien cQu
ehl dat d mQe trung blnh, b i l u hien sing tgo cfla SV
lao eua SV l i p trung nhilu d b i l u hi|n 3, Phin Idn GV
ra d l thi theo kiiu kilm tra tri nhd, tfnh Qng dpng cfla
d l ehua dupe gpi md hay Idng g h i p v i o eic c i u hdi
thi nen ehua phit huy linh sing tao cua SV, VI viy, vl|c
nghiin cdu v i td chQc ra d l thl dudi dgng tdng hpp, cic
c i u hdi g i i n tilp, nPi dung c i u hdi g i n nhilu vdl thpc
t l mdn hpc, nginh n g h i se kich thich de tim tdi v i nhu
c i u khim p h i c i i mdi cua SV hon Die biet, cic c i u hdi
dang phit hien v i n d l nen dUa v i o thudng xuyin d
cic b i i k i l m tra, b i i thi d l r^n cho SV k h i n i n g hpc t i p
theo phuong phip tim tdi, k h i m p h i ; cd n h u v i y sing
tao cfla hp trong hpc t i p ndi chung, khi t i l n h i n h cic
b i i thi hcK p h i n ndi rieng se dUpc p h i t huy d mQc dp
cao hon, Ngoii ra, dUa If l u i n t i m II hpc sing tao v i o
chuong trinh d i o tao giup SV cd phuong p h i p l u i n
sing tao phue vy cho hpc t i p v i cdng t i c n g h i nghiip
sau nay cua ho, Viec ddi mdi eich k i l m tra, d i n h g l i
k i t q u i hpe t i p cfla SV c i n thuc hien thudng xuyIn v i
ddng bd cung vdi sU c i i l i l n phuong p h i p day trong
gid hpc If thuylt, v i hudng d i n thuc hinh, cd nhu viy
chflng ta mdi tao eho SV mpt mdi trudng hpe t i p tfch cpc, tQ dd sing t^o cfla hp mdi d i n dupe p h i t huy,
TAILI$UTHAMKHAO
1 Nguyin Thj Lf Anh (2008), Bdi gidng Cdng nghi
s/n/j/)pc,Trudng DHNN HN
2 Cao Viet H i (2008), Bdi gidng Dia chdt m*
rrudnp, Trudng DHNN HN
3 Phgm Thj Ngpc (2008), Bdi gidng Ti bdo hgc,
Trudng DHNN HN
4 Huynh V i n Son (2009), Tdm IIhqc sdng tgo NXB
Giio dye H i Npi
5 Taylor D.W; Barron F; Torance, E.P (1964), Selena Creativity Its Recognition and Development, John Wilej
and Sons, New York
SUMMARY
The author suggests that the level of creativity manifested in the course exams of students of Agricultural University Hanoi only reaches the average point Tfte creativity manifested in the course exams among studet^
is not clear or comprehensive None of students can show
a high degree of creativity One of the most signiHeant reasons for this status is attributable to the inapproprlats design of test items by lecturers
t i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiitiiiiiiitMiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiMiiiinininiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiittiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiJ
XAY DUNG VA SUf DUNG LUOC DO TU DUY I (Tiip theo trang 27}
thfle khie d i dupe hpc trong chuong trinh nhU d i y
dien hda cua kim logi, kim logi k i l m , kim loai k i l m
thd, nhdm
3 Ket l u i n
Sfl dyng LDTD trong dgy hpc cd tinh Qng dyng
cao vl cd t h l i p dung trong b i l ki d i l u k i l n co sd v i t
chat n i o cfla trudng hpc, cd t h l t h i l t k l LDTD i r i n
giay, bia, b i n g phy vdi chl m i u , bfli, tiy h o i c t h i l t
k l tren m i y tfnh vdi cie p h i n m I m hd trp Qua k i t
q u i thuc nghiem sU pham cho thiy, sQ dung LDTD
day eie b i i luyen tap giflp hpc sinh sing tgo hon,
hflng thu hon, tfl dd tfch cue v i dat k i t q u i cao hon
Ngoii viee t h i l t k l LDTD cho c i c b i i luy^n t i p ,
g i i o vien ed t h l hUdng d i n hpc sinh lap LDTD cho
b i l mdi, ghi c h i p k i l n thfle t r l n Idp, dn t i p khi thi cii
lap ke hoach c i n h i n , minh hpa cie y tudng, q u i n II
td, ldp,., LDTD thUc su l i mdt cdng cu tU duy h i | u
q u i mang lal nhQng Ipi fch to Idn trong hoat ddng
day v i hpe, gdp p h i n ddi mdi phuong p h i p , n i n g
cao c h i t lupng g i i p due, hudng hpe sinh d i n s p p h i t
t r i l n t o i n d i l n l i eo sd 6i x i y dpng mpt n i n g i i o
due t i l n t i l n v i b i n vflng dflng vdi chfl truong cOa
D i n g v i N h i nudc ta
T A I U E U T H A M K H A O
1 N g u y i n X u i n Trudng (Tdng chfl biln), Sddi gido khoa Hda hqc 12, NXB G i i o due, 2011
2 PGS.TS N g u y i n Thj Sflu (Chfl biln), Phuang phdp dgy hgc hda hqc NXB Khoa hpc v i Ki thu^t,
2009
3 Bui Phuong Thanh H u i n , Ddi mdi phuang phdp dgy hqc hda hqc d trudng trung hgc pho thdng vung ddng bdng sdng Cdu Lang, L u i n i n Tiln si giio
dpe hpc, 2010
4 Tony Buzan, Sodd tUduy NXB Tdng hppTP.Hfl
Chf Minh, 2008
SUMMARY
The article has presented several suggestions to help teachers use thinking paradigm in order to desigr\ and deliver grade-l 2 chemistry exercises, espedaliy^ relation to sections on metal elements and groups^, metal elements in consonance with active tead^ing approach